Navigational approaches to planetary orbiters and rovers
Navigation for planetary orbiter and lander missions, considering orbit insertion, trim corrections and capsule descent for poor planetary gravity field model
Moore, J. W.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Planetary”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Planetary Atmosphere Experiments Test /PAET/
Flight test of Planetary Atmosphere Experiments Test /PAET/ spacecraft to investigate means of determining structure and composition of unknown planetary atmospheres
Source record↗
Planetary rock corer and drill concepts
Several planetary rock corers and drill design concepts have been developed for obtaining subsurface rock samples in future planetary explorations. Tools are designed for unmanned space vehicles. Two devices are rotary impact multiple chisel trepan rock corer and hole drilling tool.
Imus, R. E.↗
The characterization of facsimile camera systems for lunar and planetary surface exploration
Advantages of facsimile camera systems are reviewed for imagery of lunar and planetary surfaces from stationary or stopped remotely controlled vehicles. They include: better geometric fidelity than television systems, more picture elements per frame, ability to take single frame panoramic pictures, a very high contrast ratio within a picture, a choice of one or more narrow-band spectral responses over a wide possible range, image transmission over a low bit-rate communications channel without storage, very low power, small size, low weight, and ruggedizability to meet space flight requirements. Systems of this kind are under development for the 1975 Viking Martian lander, and have been used by the Soviets on Lunas and Lunokhod laboratory and field evaluation of a completed facsimile camera system is presented. The applicability of facsimile cameras to lunar and planetary rovers is demonstrated.
Eisenman, A.↗
Space and planetary environment criteria guidelines for use in space vehicle development, 1971 revision
A consolidation of natural environment data is presented for use as design criteria guidelines in space and planetary exploration vehicle development programs. In addition to information in the disciplinary areas of aeronomy, radiation, geomagnetism, astrodynamic constants, and meteoroids for the earth's environment above 90 kilometers, interplanetary space, and the planetary environments, the upper atmosphere model currently recommended for use at MSFC is discussed in detail.
Smith, R. E.↗
Analytical design of sensors for measuring during terminal phase of atmospheric temperature planetary entry
An analytical study was conducted to develop a sensor for measuring the temperature of a planetary atmosphere from an entry vehicle traveling at supersonic speeds and having a detached shock. Such a sensor has been used in the Planetary Atmosphere Experiments Test Probe (PAET) mission and is planned for the Viking-Mars mission. The study specifically considered butt-welded thermocouple sensors stretched between two support posts; however, the factors considered are sufficiently general to apply to other sensors as well. This study included: (1) an investigation of the relation between sensor-measured temperature and free-stream conditions; (2) an evaluation of the effects of extraneous sources of heat; (3) the development of a computer program for evaluating sensor response during entry; and (4) a parametric study of sensor design characteristics.
Millard, J. P.↗
Planetary quarantine: Principles, methods, and problems.
Microbial survival in deep space environment, contamination of planets by nonsterile flight hardware, and hazards of back contamination are among the topics covered in papers concerned with the analytical basis for planetary quarantine. The development of the technology and policies of planetary quarantine is covered in contributions on microbiologic assay and sterilization of space flight hardware and control of microbial contamination. A comprehensive subject index is included. Individual items are abstracted in this issue.
Hall, L. B.↗
The influence of the great inequality on the secular disturbing function of the planetary system.
This paper derives the contribution by the great inequality to the secular disturbing function of the principal planets. Andoyer's expansion of the planetary disturbing function and von Zeipel's method of eliminating the periodic terms is employed; thereby, the corrected secular disturbing function for the planetary system is derived. The conclusion is drawn that the canonicity of the equations for the secular variation of the heliocentric elements can be preserved if there be retained, in the secular disturbing function, terms only of the second and fourth order relative to the eccentricity and inclinations. The Krylov-Bogoliubov method is suggested for eliminating periodic terms, if it is desired to include the secular perturbations of the fifth and higher order in the heliocentric elements. The additional part of the secular disturbing function derived in this paper can be included in existing theories of the secular effects of principal planets.
Musen, P.↗
The selection of imaging systems for planetary photography from space vehicles.
Discussion of the selection of a type of imaging system for a specific mission which will maximize the return of scientific data while keeping development risk and cost to acceptable limits. A representative example is given which shows that the parameters of the optimizing process range from the scientific objectives through the engineering and programming constraints of the spacecraft and mission, to the characteristics of the types of systems. The selections for all planetary missions flown to date have been imaging systems using image tube cameras. Film cameras and mechanical scan cameras, however, have unique advantages which should find application in planetary exploration.
Smokler, M. I.↗
Formation of spectral lines in planetary atmospheres. I - Theory for cloudy atmospheres: Application to Venus.
The theory of the formation of spectral lines in a cloudy planetary atmosphere is studied in detail. It is shown that models based upon homogeneous, isotropically scattering atmospheres cannot be used to reproduce observed spectroscopic features of phase effect and the shape of spectral lines for weak and strong bands. The theory must, therefore, be developed using an inhomogeneous (gravitational) model of a planetary atmosphere, accurately incorporating all the physical processes of radiative transfer. Such a model of the lower Venus atmosphere, consistent with our present knowledge, is constructed. The results discussed in this article demonstrate the effects of the parameters that describe the atmospheric model on the spectroscopic features of spectral line profile and phase effect, at visible and near infrared wavelengths. This information enables us to develop a comprehensive theory of line formation in a Venus atmosphere.
Hunt, G. E.↗
Planetary Quarantine Annual Review, Space Technology and Research, July 1971 - July 1972
The effects of planetary quarantine constraints are assessed for advanced missions and unmanned planetary sample return missions. Considered are natural space environment factors, post launch recontamination effects, spacecraft microbial burden estimation and prediction, and spacecraft cleaning and decontamination techniques.
Source record↗
Scientific and technical services in the development of planetary quarantine measures for automated spacecraft
Primary goals of the Planetary Quarantine Program are defined and used to provide a basis for planning and source allocation toward the development of planetary quarantine measures for the following automated spacecrafts: Viking 1975, Pioneer F and G, and Mariner Venus-Mercury 1973.
Source record↗
Bibliography of scientific publications and presentations relating to planetary quarantine: 1966 - 1971
A bibliography, which is a compilation of citations relating to planetary quarantine, previously listed in similar publications since 1967, is presented to provide a reference for reviewing planetary quarantine research and development.
Bradley, F. D.↗
Planetary quarantine. Space research and technology
Planetary quarantine strategies for advanced spacecraft consider effects of satellite encounter, Jupiter atmosphere entry, space radiation, and cleaning and decontamination techniques on microbiological growth probability. Analytical restructuring is developed for microbial burden prediction and planetary contamination.
Source record↗
Outer planets grand tours: Planetary radio astronomy team report
Requirements related to scientific observations of planetary radio emissions during outer planets grand tours are discussed. Observations at low frequencies where non-thermal cooperative plasma phenomena play a major role are considered for determining dynamical processes and magnetic fields near a planet. Magnetic field measurements by spacecraft magnetometers, and by radio receivers in their harmonic modes are proposed for interpretation of planetary radio emission.
Warwick, J. W.↗
The formation of planetary nebulae
A hydrodynamic model of a star consisting of a helium shell and a hydrogen-rich shell overlying a hard core is proposed in order to find out what causes the ejection of stellar mass with low velocities that form planetary nebulae. Observations indicate that a planetary nebula is composed of hydrogen-rich material, while the remaining remnant of the star is of helium or heavier material.
Sparks, W. M.↗
Planetary, lunar, and cometary studies, overview
Recent lunar and planetary oriented satellite missions are reviewed as are in situ measurements of magnetic fields, plasmas, and energetic particles in the earth's environment and in the sun's environment in heliocentric space. The detection of a planetary magnetic field on Mars is reported.
Ness, N. F.↗
Scientific and technical services directed toward the development of planetary quarantine measures for automated spacecraft
Planetary quarantine requirements and parameters are evaluated for their effects upon automated spacecraft flights data describing the heat resistance of naturally occuring microorganisms and sterilization requirements are analyzed and a possible method for assessment of these data is developed. Pertinent data from planetary mission microbial contamination logs are compiled and maintained in the quarantine document system.
Source record↗