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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Long-lived coherences: Improved dispersion in the frequency domain using continuous-wave and reduced-power windowed sustaining irradiation

Long-lived coherences (LLC’s) are detectable magnetisation modes with favourable relaxation times that translate as sharp resonances upon Fourier transform. The frequency domain of LLC's was previously limited to the range of J-couplings within pairs of homonuclear spins. LLC evolution at high magnetic fields needs to be sustained by radio-frequency irradiation. We show that LLC-based spectral dispersion can be extended beyond the J-couplings domain using adapted carrier offsets and introduce a new reduced-power sustaining method to preserve LLC's within the required range of offsets. Spectral resolution is enhanced as the natively narrow lines of LLC's are further dispersed, making them potential probes for the study of biomolecules featuring strong resonance overlap and for media where NMR spectroscopy is commonly hindered by line broadening.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effects of grain alignment efficiency on synthetic dust polarization observations of molecular clouds

ABSTRACT It is well known that the polarized continuum emission from magnetically aligned dust grains is determined to a large extent by local magnetic field structure. However, the observed significant anticorrelation between polarization fraction and column density may be strongly affected, perhaps even dominated by variations in grain alignment efficiency with local conditions, in contrast to standard assumptions of a spatially homogeneous grain alignment efficiency. Here we introduce a generic way to incorporate heterogeneous grain alignment into synthetic polarization observations of molecular clouds (MCs), through a simple model where the grain alignment efficiency depends on the local gas density as a power law. We justify the model using results derived from radiative torque alignment theory. The effects of power-law heterogeneous alignment models on synthetic observations of simulated MCs are presented. We find that the polarization fraction-column density correlation can be brought into agreement with observationally determined values through heterogeneous alignment, though there remains degeneracy with the relative strength of cloud-scale magnetized turbulence and the mean magnetic field orientation relative to the observer. We also find that the dispersion in polarization angles-polarization fraction correlation remains robustly correlated despite the simultaneous changes to both observables in the presence of heterogeneous alignment.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Landau level quantization of Dirac electrons on the sphere

Interactions in Landau levels can stabilize new phases of matter, such as fractionally quantized Hall states. Numerical studies of these systems mostly require compact manifolds like the sphere or a torus. For massive dispersions, a formalism for the lowest Landau level on the sphere was introduced by Haldane (1983). Graphene and surfaces of 3D topological insulators, however, display massless (Dirac) dispersions, and hence require a different description. We generalize a formalism previously developed for Dirac electrons on the sphere in zero field to include the effect of an external, uniform magnetic field.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Analytical and numerical treatment of resistive drift instability in a plasma slab

An analytic approach combining the effect of equilibrium diamagnetic flows and the finite ionsound gyroradius associated with electron−ion decoupling and kinetic Alfvén wave dispersion is derived to study resistive drift instabilities in a plasma slab. Linear numerical computations using the NIMROD code are performed with cold ions and hot electrons in a plasma slab with a doubly periodic box bounded by two perfectly conducting walls. A linearly unstable resistive drift mode is observed in computations with a growth rate that is consistent with the analytic dispersion relation. The resistive drift mode is expected to be suppressed by magnetic shear in unbounded domains, but the mode is observed in numerical computations with and without magnetic shear. In the slab model, the finite slab thickness and the perfectly conducting boundary conditions are likely to account for the lack of suppression.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thermal evolution of spin excitations in honeycomb Ising antiferromagnetic FePSe 3

We use elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to study the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase transitions and spin excitations in the two-dimensional (2D) zig-zag antiferromagnet FePSe 3 . By determining the magnetic order parameter across the AF phase transition, we conclude that the AF phase transition in FePSe 3 is first-order in nature. In addition, our INS measurements reveal that the spin waves in the AF ordered state have a large easy-axis magnetic anisotropy gap, consistent with an Ising Hamiltonian, and possible biquadratic magnetic exchange interactions. On warming across T N , we find that dispersive spin excitations associated with three-fold rotational symmetric AF fluctuations change into FM spin fluctuations above T N . These results suggest that the first-order AF phase transition in FePSe 3 may arise from the competition between C 3 symmetric AF and C 1 symmetric FM spin fluctuations around T N , in place of a conventional second-order AF phase transition.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnitude of the magnetic exchange interaction in the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeRhIn 5

We have used high-resolution neutron spectroscopy experiments to determine the complete spin wave spectrum of the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CeRhIn₅. The spin wave dispersion can be quantitatively reproduced with a simple frustrated J₁-J₂ model that also naturally explains the magnetic spin-spiral ground state of CeRhIn₅ and yields a dominant in-plane nearest-neighbor magnetic exchange constant J₀=0.74(3) meV. Our results lead the way to a quantitative understanding of the rich low-temperature phase diagram of the prominent CeTIn₅ (T = Co, Rh, Ir) class of heavy-fermion materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

The role of magnetic fields in the stability and fragmentation of filamentary molecular clouds: two case studies at OMC-3 and OMC-4

We present the stability analysis of two regions, OMC-3 and OMC-4, in the massive and long molecular cloud complex of Orion A. We obtained 214 $\mu$m HAWC + /SOFIA polarization data, and we make use of archival data for the column density and C 18 O (1–0) emission line. We find clear depolarization in both observed regions and that the polarization fraction is anticorrelated with the column density and the polarization-angle dispersion function. We find that the filamentary cloud and dense clumps in OMC-3 are magnetically supercritical and strongly subvirial. This region should be in the gravitational collapse phase and is consistent with many young stellar objects (YSOs) forming in the region. Our histogram of relative orientation (HRO) analysis shows that the magnetic field is dynamically sub-dominant in the dense gas structures of OMC-3. We present the first polarization map of OMC-4. We find that the observed region is generally magnetically subcritical except for an elongated dense core, which could be a result of projection effect of a filamentary structure aligned close to the line of sight. The relative large velocity dispersion and the unusual positive shape parameters at high column densities in the HROs analysis suggest that our viewing angle may be close to axes of filamentary substructures in OMC-4. The dominating strong magnetic field in OMC-4 is unfavourable for star formation and is consistent with much fewer YSOs than in OMC-3.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fabrication and temperature-dependent magnetic properties of one-dimensional multilayer Au–Ni–Au–Ni–Au nanowires

Multilayer Au–Ni–Au–Ni–Au nanowires with a controlled diameter of ∼100 nm were synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous alumina templates. The length of each Ni-segment was controlled up to ∼230 nm, while the length of the Au segment sandwiched between two Ni segments was ∼180 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra confirmed the formation of purely crystalline nanowires. The magnetic properties of the multilayer Au–Ni–Au–Ni–Au nanowires were investigated in the temperature range 2–300 K. Room-temperature magnetic hysteresis confirmed the ferromagnetic nature of the nanowires. The plot of coercivity as a function of temperature (from 2 to 300 K) followed law applicable for ferromagnetic nanostructures. The magnetization tended to increase as the temperature decreased, following the modified Bloch's law similar to ferromagnetic nanoparticles. - Graphical abstract: (a) SEM image of Au–Ni–Au–Ni–Au nanowire with 230 nm Ni segment length and 180 nm Au sandwiched between Ni segments (b) Kneller's law (c) Bloch's law Display Omitted - Highlights: • Electrochemical fabrication of Au–Ni–Au–Ni–Au nanowires in alumina templates. • Formation of beadlike structure of Ni segments. • Coercivity versus T follows Kneller's law for ferromagnetic materials. • Magnetization as a function of temperature follows the modified Bloch's law.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Whistler wave generation by anisotropic tail electrons during asymmetric magnetic reconnection in space and laboratory

Whistler wave generation near the magnetospheric separatrix during reconnection at the dayside magnetopause is studied with data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. The dispersion relation of the whistler mode is measured for the first time near the reconnection region in space, which shows that whistler waves propagate nearly parallel to the magnetic field line. A linear analysis indicates that the whistler waves are generated by temperature anisotropy in the electron tail population. This is caused by loss of electrons with a high velocity parallel to the magnetic field to the exhaust region. Here, there is a positive correlation between activities of whistler waves and the lower–hybrid drift instability (LHDI) both in laboratory and space, indicating the enhanced transport by LHDI may be responsible for the loss of electrons with a high parallel velocity.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Ion beam driven resonant ion-cyclotron instability in a magnetized dusty plasma

Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves are excited by axial ion beam in a dusty plasma via Cerenkov and slow cyclotron interaction. The dispersion relation of the instability is derived in the presence of positively/negatively charged dust grains. The minimum beam velocity needed for the excitation is estimated for different values of relative density of negatively charged dust grains. It is shown that the minimum beam velocity needed for excitation increases as the charge density carried by dust increases. Temperature of electrons and ions, charge and mass of dust grains, external static magnetic field and finite boundary of dusty plasma significantly modify the dispersion properties of these waves and play a crucial role in the growth of resonant ion cyclotron instability. The ion cyclotron modes with phase velocity comparable to the beam velocity possess a large growth rate. The maximum value of growth rate increases with the beam density and scales as the one-third power of the beam density in Cerenkov interaction and is proportional to the square root of beam density in slow cyclotron interaction.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic and vibrational properties of CuCoMnGa under pressure

First principles calculations for the structural, electronic, elastic and phonon properties of the cubic quaternary heusler alloy CuCoMnGa on pressure have been reported by density functional theory (DFT) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated values of the elastic constants were used for estimations of the Debye temperatures, the bulk modulus, the shear modulus, the young modulus E, the poisson's ratio σ and the B/G ratio. The elastic constants satisfy all of the mechanical stability criteria. The electronic structures of the ferromagnetic configuration for CuCoMnGa have a metallic character. The estimated magnetic moment per formula unit is 3.76 μ{sub B}. The phonon dispersion is studied using the supercell approach, and the stable nature at 0.2 GPa pressure is observed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Hofstadter states and re-entrant charge order in a semiconductor moiré lattice

The emergence of moiré materials with flat bands provides a platform to systematically investigate and precisely control correlated electronic phases. Here, we report local electronic compressibility measurements of a twisted WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayer which reveal a rich phase diagram of interpenetrating Hofstadter states and electron solids. We show that this reflects the presence of both flat and dispersive moiré bands whose relative energies, and therefore occupations, are tuned by density and magnetic field. At low densities, competition between moiré bands leads to a transition from commensurate arrangements of singlets at doubly occupied sites to triplet configurations at high fields. Hofstadter states (i.e., Chern insulators) are generally favored at high densities as dispersive bands are populated, but are suppressed by an intervening region of reentrant charge-ordered states in which holes originating from multiple bands cooperatively crystallize. Our results reveal the key microscopic ingredients that favor distinct correlated ground states in semiconductor moiré systems, and they demonstrate an emergent lattice model system in which both interactions and band dispersion can be experimentally controlled.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Complexity Classes of Angular Diagrams of the Metal Conductivity in Strong Magnetic Fields

We consider angular diagrams describing the dependence of the magnetic conductivity of metals on the direction of the magnetic field in rather strong fields. As it can be shown, all angular conductivity diagrams can be divided into a finite number of classes with different complexities. The greatest interest among such diagrams is represented by diagrams with the maximal complexity, which can occur for metals with rather complicated Fermi surfaces. In describing the structure of complex diagrams, in addition to the description of the conductivity itself, the description of the Hall conductivity for different directions of the magnetic field plays very important role. For the evaluation of the complexity of angular diagrams of the conductivity of metals, it is also convenient to compare such diagrams with the full mathematical diagrams that are defined (formally) for the entire dispersion relation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2012

A numerical electromagnetic linear dispersion relation for Maxwellian ring-beam velocity distributions

A positive slope in a velocity distribution function perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, such as due to a loss cone or ring velocity distribution, can become a free energy source for the excitation of various plasma waves. Since there exists no analytic expression for integrals of Maxwellian ring velocity distribution functions, their linear properties have previously been studied using several approximations or modeled distributions. In this paper, a numerical method for analyzing the linear dispersion relation for Maxwellian ring-beam velocity distributions is developed. The obtained linear properties are confirmed by direct comparison with full particle simulation results.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1988

Weakly relativistic dispersion of Bernstein waves

Weakly relativistic effects on the dispersion of Bernstein waves are investigated for waves propagating nearly perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field in a Maxwellian plasma. Attention is focused on those large-wave-vector branches that are either weakly damped or join continuously onto weakly damped branches since these are the modes of most interest in applications. The transition between dispersion at perpendicular and oblique propagation is examined and major weakly relativistic effects can dominate even in low-temperature plasmas. A number of simple analytic criteria are obtained which delimit the ranges of harmonic number and propagation angle within which various types of weakly damped Bernstein modes can exist.

Robinson, P. A.↗
DOE OSTI2012

Effect of ball-milling surfactants on the interface chemistry in hot-compacted SmCo5 magnets

Anisotropic SmCo5 nanoflakes prepared by high-energy ball-milling with surfactants have great potential in applications for high-performance nanocomposite magnets. For such "nanocomposite" applications, the surface structure and chemistry of nanoflakes are crucial for achieving high coercivity. In this study, hot-pressed samples from anisotropic SmCo5 nanoflakes, ball-milled with different surfactants, oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OY), were investigated. Interface layers between the SmCo5 nanoflakes were found to consist of samarium oxides and a soft magnetic Co phase. These surface layers contribute to the degradation of hard magnetic performance, which is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the cross-section of a single flake ball-milled with OA. Samples milled with OY show a much thinner interface layer in compacted samples, which means that the surface degradation during ball-milling with OY is much less than that with OA. The results show clearly that the choice of proper surfactant and the control of processing parameters are the key factors for improving the surface condition of the nanoflakes and the resulting hard magnetic properties. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, WF↗
DOE OSTI2016

Dissipative dust-acoustic shock waves in a varying charge electronegative magnetized dusty plasma with trapped electrons

The combined effects of an oblique magnetic field and electron trapping on dissipative dust-acoustic waves are examined in varying charge electronegative dusty plasmas with application to the Halley Comet plasma (∼10{sup 4} km from the nucleus). A weakly nonlinear analysis is carried out to derive a modified Korteweg-de Vries-Burger-like equation. Making use of the equilibrium current balance equation, the physically admissible values of the electron trapping parameter are first constrained. We then show that the Burger dissipative term is solely due to the dust charge variation process. It is found that an increase of the magnetic field obliqueness or a decrease of its magnitude renders the shock structure more dispersive.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

A generalized plasma dispersion function for electron damping in tokamak plasmas

Radio frequency wave propagation in finite temperature, magnetized plasmas exhibits a wide range of physics phenomena. The plasma response is nonlocal in space and time, and numerous modes are possible with the potential for mode conversions and transformations. Additionally, diffraction effects are important due to finite wavelength and finite-size wave launchers. Multidimensional simulations are required to describe these phenomena, but even with this complexity, the fundamental plasma response is assumed to be the uniform plasma response with the assumption that the local plasma current for a Fourier mode can be described by the Stix conductivity. But, for plasmas with non-uniform magnetic fields, the wave vector itself is nonlocal. When resolved into components perpendicular (k ) and parallel (k ||) to the magnetic field, locality of the parallel component can easily be violated when the wavelength is large. The impact of this inconsistency is that estimates of the wave damping can be incorrect (typically low) due to unresolved resonances. For the case of ion cyclotron damping, this issue has already been addressed by including the effect of parallel magnetic field gradients. In this case, a modified plasma response (Z function) allows resonance broadening even when k || = 0, and this improves the convergence and accuracy of wave simulations. In our paper, we extend this formalism to include electron damping and find improved convergence and accuracy for parameters where electron damping is dominant, such as high harmonic fast wave heating in the NSTX-U tokamak, and helicon wave launch for off-axis current drive in the DIII-D tokamak.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗