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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

AGR-5/6/7 Fuel Fabrication Feedstock Chemical Purity Specifications

This specification has been prepared to provide fuel fabricators with minimum chemical purity specifications intended to ensure that fuel components have consistent properties and that impurity levels in the as-fabricated fuel is sufficiently low to minimize in-pile TRISO particle failures and to enhance fission product retention. Process chemical purity specifications are given for the following processes: • Kernel forming and sintering • TRISO particle coating • Matrix preparation • TRISO overcoating • Compact carbonization and heat treatment

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DOE OSTI2019

Enhanced Bioconversion in Herbaceous Feedstocks from Impregnation of Co-Catalytic Lewis Acid and Deacetylation and Mechanical Refining

Improvements in conversion processes are needed to further reduce process complexity, biorefinery capital and operating (CAPEX/OPEX) costs, lower enzyme usage. Previous work has demonstrated that deacetylation and mechanical refining (DMR) process effectively deconstructs herbaceous biomass while producing highly digestible lignocellulosic slurries, with high titers of monomeric sugars, at reduced enzyme loadings (Poster 553 Chen at al,). We evaluated a co-catalytic approach using three Lewis acids: Fe+2, Fe+3, and Al+3, in sulfate form, at 1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM concentrations. Lewis acids were impregnated into corn stover, followed by deacetylation with NaOH, and mechanically refined, prior to enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). Lower concentrations of Lewis acid positively impacted EH yield, increasing concentration lowered EH yield. Likewise Lewis acid treatment was more effective when combined with deacetylation than with deacetylation or Lewis acid treatment, alone. Comparing the effectiveness of the three Lewis acids identified ferrous iron more effective than ferric or aluminum (Fe+2 > Fe+3> Al+3) sulfate. Enzymatic hydrolysis sugar (glucose and xylose) concentration was higher 8% and 13%, respectively, in Fe2+ impregnated corn stover compared to the control. Refining energy required for PFI milling was reduced by ~25% with Fe+2 impregnation. However, treatment with Fenton treatment of the Fe2+ impregnated, deacetylated and PFI milled corn stover resulted in lower yields. for monomeric glucose and xylose due to non-specific degradation of carbohydrates and lignin.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Algae as a Bio-Feedstock

There have been significant advances in all aspects of producing fuel from algae in the last four years. If one types in “algae” to Google Scholar from 2011 to present, 45,000 “results” are found; and 16,600 are found for “algae biofuels”. Although researchers are making many advances, the industry has gone through some challenges especially in light of the processing of natural gas and shale oils in the United States and Canada. However, there are a number of companies that specialize in production of algal products and technologies including but not limited to Algenol, Bioprocess Algae, Cellana, Heliae, LiveFuels, and Sapphire Energy. Consortium such as the National Alliance for Biofuels and Bioproducts (NAABB) and National Sustainable Algal Biofuels Consortium (SABC) were formed and funded primarily by the Department of Energy to investigate the entire value chain from advances in algal biology through conversion to fuel. In this article recent advances are highlighted along with areas for continued research and development.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗