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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Overview of Energy LCA at NETL: LCA at DOE Special Session

Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of energy technology and policy options requires the comparison of those options on a common basis, which includes not only the impacts of converting fuel to useful energy, but of infrastructure construction, extraction and transportation of fuel, and transport of the final energy product to the end user. Further, environmental costs and benefits must be weighed against economic analyses with identical boundaries. At the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory, life cycle analysis (LCA) is used as tool and framework for performing these types of evaluations. This overview will describe the LCA process at NETL, including unique application of stochastic methods to environmental and economic analyses, and show highlights from several recent studies such as a complete inventory of natural gas extraction, and a comparison of advanced power technology options.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Institutional Solutions to Enhance Power Sector Resilience

How will power system operators, personnel, and end-users react during a major disruption? Will the system operations adapt to changing conditions and recover quickly? A balanced approach to power sector resilience that includes both institutional and technical solutions will help answer these questions. Institutional solutions include: building the capacity of personnel, Improving access to data, Enhancing operational intelligence, engaging stakeholders, developing a culture of resilience, and implementing other relevant institutional operational processes.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Life Cycle Analysis of Natural Gas Extraction and Power Generation

Natural gas is considered a cleaner burning and more flexible alternative to other fossil fuels today. It is used in residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation applications in addition to having an expanding role in power production. However, the primary component of natural gas is methane, which is also a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG). Methane losses from natural gas extraction vary geographically and by extraction technology. This analysis inventories the GHG emissions from extraction, processing, and transmission of natural gas to large end users, and the combustion of that natural gas to produce electricity. In addition to GHG emissions, this analysis inventories other air emissions, water quality, water use, land use, and resource energy metrics.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Energy Storage Data Submission Guidelines

In order to consider and understand emerging energy storage technologies, data analysis can be executed to ascertain proper operation and performance. The technical benefits of rigorous testing and data analysis are important for the customer, the planner, developer, and system operator: the end-user has a safe, reliable system that performs predictably on a macro level. The test-and-analyze approach to verifying performance of energy storage devices, equipment, and systems integration into the grid improves the understanding of the value of energy storage over time from the economic vantage point. Demonstrating the lifecycle value of energy storage begins with the data the provider supplies for analysis. After review of energy storage data received from several providers, it has become clear that some ESS data is inconsistent and incomplete - thus leading to a question of the inefficacy of the data when it comes time to analyze it. This paper will review and propose general guidelines such as sampling rates and data points that providers must supply in order for robust data analysis to take place. Consistent guidelines are the basis of the proper protocol to (a) reduce time it takes data to reach those who are providing analyses; (b) allow them to better understand the energy storage installations; and (c) provide high quality analysis of the installation. This paper intends to serve as a starting point for what data points should be provided when monitoring. As battery technologies continue to advance and the industry expands, this paper will be updated to remain current.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Primary System Test Facility Review

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is designing a Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL) to demonstrate the operation of an integrated energy system as part of supporting research and development needs for the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy Integrated Energy Systems (IES) Program. DETAIL will demonstrate real-time integration with the electrical grid, renewable energy inputs, thermal and electrical energy storage, and energy delivery to an end user. A Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS) is being constructed within the DETAIL facility to demonstrate the operation of integrated energy system heat transfer components, thermal energy storage, distribution systems, and instrumentation and control (I&C), which will allow the facility to emulate the distribution of thermal energy to the generation of electrical power, and/or producing non-electrical commodities (e.g., hydrogen). As is the case for other subsystems within DETAIL, TEDS is designed to operate either independently or as a part of an integrated system to demonstrate the operation of integrated components, develop and validate thermal energy transport models and control systems, and study thermal energy inertia and energy storage. In an effort to completely understand how TEDS will integrate with operational plants, data from tests previously run at existing integral system test facilities (IST) will be used to drive the TEDS heater. Alternatively, a real-time data connection would allow steam conditions at the IST to drive the TEDS heater at the same time as having TEDS conditions provide feedback to the IST in terms of steam demand and/or pressure. This integrated testing approach will assess the ability of TEDS to operate during all plant conditions. Three existing integral system test facilities have been reviewed to determine their suitability for demonstrating TEDS capabilities when integrated within the DETAIL. This report summarizes the capabilities of each IST facility and any challenges that must be overcome to meet the operational needs of TEDS and DETAIL.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2015

UWBG GC EAB Report

The EAB commends the UWBG GC team for its noteworthy progress in the first year of a bold, high-risk LDRD project. The board remains unaware of any comparable effort in the U.S., and the project clearly benefits mission needs relevant to Sandia and the Nation. The GC goals remain ambitious and potentially transformative. The GC team presented development of world-class science and technology (S&T) capabilities as well as a promising vertical diode prototype demonstration. The board applauds the GC team for increased engagements leading to spinoff work with Sandia’s nuclear weapons (NW) customer and enhanced awareness of Sandia’s unique value proposition with external collaborators and potential end-users.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Advanced Imaging Algorithms for Radiation Imaging Systems

Radiation-imaging devices are important to the nuclear security and safeguards communities due to their ability to detect and localize radioactive sources. Because of their low natural background, difficulty to shield, and unique association with SNM, fast-neutron imaging provides a promising means for the detection of SNM. To make these R&D systems useful for end-user applications, robust reconstruction and analysis algorithms must be developed that provide detailed information on the location, energy spectrum, and intervening material. To date, deconvolution, match filtering, and MLEM have been demonstrated. However, the information provided is limited to an approximate location of the source.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

US Hybrid Northeast Demonstration and Deployment of FCRxNV200 (DE-EE0007276 Final Report)

In this project, US Hybrid and other strategic project partners, collaborated to build a fuel cell range extended plug-in hybrid utility vehicle and demonstrate it in real-world operation. The base vehicle platform to be modified to the hybrid platform was the Nissan e-NV200, which is an all-electric version of the NV200 commercial cargo van. This is a Class 1 vehicle with a GVWR of approx. 4,900 lbs., wheelbase of 115 inches, and cargo capacity of approx. 122ft. The 80kW/254N-m electric powertrain is the same as Nissan’s LEAF, but with a revised final drive ratio (9.301 vs. 8.194) to accommodate higher payloads with lower top speed. US Hybrid utilized a purpose built, freeze capable, integrated fuel cell engine FCe™10 to hybridize and range-extend the existing e-NV200 vehicle with OEM drivetrain. The eNV200 has the same size battery as the LEAF with a different rear axle ratio. Fuel cell stack size and balance of plant (BOP) configuration were designed for compact under the hood vehicle packaging. Engine design took into consideration the need for high efficiency (>50% at all loads & up to 62% at partial power), optimal heat recovery for cabin heating, and low maintenance. The technology of the isolated DC-DC converter operating at >100kHz enables extremely high efficiency (ZVS and SIC power devices) and robust performance while reducing system complexity, weight, and volume. This enables an extended vehicle range of up to 250 miles and an operational life that should provide lower total cost of ownership (TCO) to the end user.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Development of the Generalized Spallation Model [Thesis]

The generalized spallation model (GSM) is a general spallation physics event generator with a physics-rich history dating back to the early 1970s during the development of the CEM. GSM estimates the outcome of high-energy hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, where collision energies often exceed hundreds of MeV. Such a collision may include a neutron incident on carbon, for example. The thesis presented here outlines the continued development and modernization of GSM, whereby it was migrated from a legacy Fortran code to utilize an advanced and modern Fortran architecture. Verification and validation of GSM also took place throughout the continued development of GSM. The results of this work have transformed GSM into a highly modern and powerful event generator, where numerous benefits have been fostered and precipitated, including but not limited to portability, modularization, flexibility, robustness, and scalability. GSM is a robust and well developed software library that clients and end-users may confidently use, within the scope outlined here, as a result of this work.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Securing Vehicle Charging Infrastructure APR

Cybersecurity is essential for interoperable power systems and transportation infrastructure in the US. As the US transitions to transportation electrification, cyber attacks on vehicle charging could impact nearly all US critical infrastructure. This is a growing area of concern as more charging stations communicate to a range of entities (grid operators, vehicles, OEM vendors, etc.), as shown in Figure I.1.1.1. The research challenges are extensive and complicated because there are many end users, stakeholders, and software and equipment vendors. Poorly implemented electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) cybersecurity is a major risk to electric vehicle (EV) adoption because the political, social, and financial impact of cyberattacks—or public perception of such—ripples across the industry and has lasting and devastating effects. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive EVSE cybersecurity approach and limited best practices have been adopted by the EV/EVSE industry. For this reason, there is an incomplete industry understanding of the attack surface, interconnected assets, and unsecured interfaces. Thus, comprehensive cybersecurity recommendations founded on sound research are necessary to secure EV charging infrastructure. This project is providing the automotive industry with a strong technical basis for securing this infrastructure by developing threat models, prioritizing technology gaps, and developing effective countermeasures. Specifically, the team is creating a cybersecurity threat model and performing a technical risk assessment of EVSE assets, so that automotive, charging, and utility stakeholders can better protect customers, vehicles, and power systems in the face of new cyber threats.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Baseline Characterization Database Verification Report – IG-110 Billet 10X69

The purpose of this engineering calculations and analysis report (ECAR) is to present the data being collected in the Baseline Graphite Characterization program. This program is directly tasked with supporting Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) research and development efforts in the Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) program. This program populates a comprehensive database that will reflect the baseline properties of nuclear-grade graphite with regard to individual grade, billet, and position within individual billets. The physical- and mechanical-property information being collected will be transferred to the Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS), and that database will help populate the handbook of property data available to member nations of the Generation-IV International Forum. The transfer of these data from the applicable technical lead to the dissemination databases available to other end users requires a full review of test procedures and data-collection efforts through an analysis of the multiple summary spreadsheets and values being collected. This report represents that analysis for IG-110, Billet 10X69 and facilitates the release of the associated data to the NDMAS custodians.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Baseline Characterization Database Verification Report – 2114 Billet A20570

The purpose of this engineering calculations and analysis report (ECAR) is to present data collected in the Baseline Graphite Characterization Program, which is directly tasked with supporting the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) research and development efforts on the Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) Program. This program populates a comprehensive database that reflects the baseline properties of nuclear-grade graphite with regard to individual grade, billet, and position within individual billets. The physical- and mechanical-property information being collected will be transferred to the Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS), and that database will help populate the handbook of property data available to member nations of the Generation-IV International Forum. Transfer of these data from the applicable technical lead to the dissemination databases available to other end users requires a full review of the test procedures and data-collection efforts through an analysis of the multiple summary spreadsheets and values being collected. This report represents the analysis for 2114 Billet A20570 and facilitates release of associated data to the NDMAS custodians.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Baseline Characterization Database Verification Report – PCEA Billet 02S8 7

The purpose of this Engineering Calculations and Analysis Report is to present the data being collected in the Baseline Graphite Characterization program, which is directly tasked with supporting the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) research and development efforts on the Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) Program. This program is populating a comprehensive database that will reflect the baseline properties of nuclear grade graphite with regard to individual grade, billet, and position within individual billets. The physical and mechanical property information being collected will be transferred to the Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS), and that database will help populate the handbook of property data available to member nations of the Generation IV International Forum. Transfer of these data from the applicable technical lead to the dissemination databases available to other end users requires a full review of the test procedures and data collection efforts through an analysis of the multiple summary spreadsheets and values being collected. This report represents the analysis for PCEA billet 02S8 7 and facilitates release of associated data to the NDMAS custodians.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Baseline Characterization Database Verification Report – PCEA Billet XPC01D3-36

The purpose of this Engineering Calculations and Analysis Report is to present the data being collected in the Baseline Graphite Characterization program, which is directly tasked with supporting the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) research and development efforts on the Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) program. This program is populating a comprehensive database that will reflect the baseline properties of nuclear-grade graphite with regard to individual grade, billet, and position within individual billets. The physical and mechanical property information being collected will be transferred to the NGNP Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS), and from that database will help populate the handbook of property data available to member nations of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The transfer of this data from the applicable technical lead to the dissemination databases available to other end users requires a full review of the test procedures and data collection efforts through an analysis of the multiple summary spreadsheets and values being collected. This report represents that analysis for PCEA billet XPC01D3-36 and facilitates the release of the associated data to the NDMAS custodians.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Baseline Characterization Database Verification Report – IG-110 Billet 08-9-052-7

The purpose of this Engineering Calculations and Analysis Report is to present the data being collected in the Baseline Graphite Characterization program, which is directly tasked with supporting the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) research and development efforts on the Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) program. This program is populating a comprehensive database that will reflect the baseline properties of nuclear-grade graphite with regard to individual grade, billet, and position within individual billets. The physical and mechanical property information being collected will be transferred to the NGNP Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS), and from that database will help populate the handbook of property data available to member nations of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The transfer of this data from the applicable technical lead to the dissemination databases available to other end users requires a full review of the test procedures and data collection efforts through an analysis of the multiple summary spreadsheets and values being collected. This report represents that analysis for IG-110 billet 08-9-052-7 and facilitates the release of the associated data to the NDMAS custodians.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation of Multi-cell Failure Propagation

Failure propagation testing is of increasing interest to the designers and end users of battery systems. One of the chief difficulties, however, is choosing an appropriate initiation method to perform the test. Single cell abuse testing is typically used to initiate thermal runaway but this can involve a large amount of additional energy injected into the system. It is assumed that this will have some impact on the behavior of a propagating thermal runaway event, but there is little data available as to how significant this would be. Further, it is ultimately difficult to develop viable propagation tests for compliance and public safety activities without better knowledge of how test methods will impact the results. This work looks at propagating battery failure with a variety of chemistries, formats, configurations and initiation methods to determine the level of significance of the chosen initiation method on the test results. We have ultimately found while there is some impact on the detailed results of propagation testing, in most cases other factors, particularly the energy density of the system play a much greater role in the likelihood of a propagation event consuming an entire battery. We have also provided some guidelines for test design to support best practices in testing.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Wind Forecasting Improvement Project In Complex Terrain Near the Columbia River Gorge

In 2014 a multi-institution team led by Vaisala, Inc. was selected by the Department of Energy (DOE) to partner with multiple DOE and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) laboratories on a project designed to improve the quality of wind power forecasts in areas of complex terrain. This was the second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) funded by DOE and it extended from late 2014 through the middle of 2018. It encompassed an 18-month observational field campaign, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model development, extensive analysis of data and NWP output, and the creation of decision support tool algorithms to convey forecast information to end users in the wind industry. WFIP2 focused on improvements to the representation of near-surface and boundary-layer physics in NOAA’s High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model. Improvements to HRRR, which is run operationally over the continental United States, benefit the wind industry in multiple ways. Forecasts from the operational HRRR are used directly by wind power forecast vendors and the operators of wind plants. In addition, because HRRR is built using the widely-used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, improvements to its parameterizations become available to commercial and research institutions using WRF for a myriad of purposes. The geographic area studied by WFIP2 was a region of the Columbia River basin located to the east of the Cascade Mountains between Oregon and Washington. Home to over 6 GW of installed capacity for wind energy production, this area also hosts a variety of atmospheric phenomena either unique to or augmented by complex topography. This makes it an attractive test-bed for the analysis of wind forecast in complex terrain, though results found are should be applicable in any area of topographic complexity. WFIP2 succeeded as a collaborative effort, and while this report focuses on the activities of the team led by Vaisala, the work described here is part of a larger whole. The Vaisala team accomplished a number of specific tasks as described in this report, while also contributing to this larger effort.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Efficient Isotope Recovery and Seamless Recycle of Target Material in a Salt Matrix

A first step in developing molten salt nuclear reactors (MSRs) is a capability to irradiate capsules containing molten salts and a natural development path for this capability is through applications to produce radioisotopes using a molten salt matrix within existing water-cooled reactors. At present there is almost no capability to prepare, irradiate, and process salts for isotope production in the United States. This report documents an initial plan to discover designs for capsules to produce various radioisotopes ( 99 Mo, 238 Pu, 232 U, and heavy elements) in a way that minimizes waste, simplifies (or really eliminates the need for) recycle/refabrication operations by utilizing a salt matrix for irradiation and nonaqueous, aqueous, or hybrid processes for recovery of the isotopes from the salt matrix. The FY19 goals of this internal study are to: (1) Review past and current salt irradiation vehicle designs and evaluate modern materials, fabrication methods, and design methods to see how new vehicles could function for isotope production in the context of optimized nonaqueous or hybrid recovery methods.(2) engage potential end-users with this approach and gather feedback and provide recommendations for a phased implementation for different application/isotope domains. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) staff have developed a unique understanding and capability with regard to molten salts and related pyro-processing methods. This capability can be sustained by passing it on to a new generation by tackling a challenging problem and putting the solution into practice. This study defines opportunities to start down that path.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗