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At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Matched dipole probe for magnetized low electron density laboratory plasma diagnostics

In this paper, a diagnostic method for magnetized and unmagnetized laboratory plasma is proposed, based on impedance measurements of a short matched dipole. The range of the measured electron densities is limited to low density plasmas (10{sup 12}–10{sup 15 }m{sup −3}), where other diagnostic methods have strong limitations on the magnetic field strength and topology, plasma dimensions, and boundary conditions. The method is designed for use in both large- and small-dimension plasma (<10 cm) without or with strong non-homogeneous magnetic field, which can be undefined within the probe size. The design of a matched dipole probe allows to suppress the sheath resonance effects and to reach high sensitivity at relatively small probe dimensions. Validation experiments are conducted in both magnetized (B ∼ 170 G) and unmagnetized (B = 0) low density (7 × 10{sup 12 }m{sup −3}–7 × 10{sup 13 }m{sup −3}) low pressure (1 mTorr) 10 cm scale plasmas. The experimentally measured data show very good agreement with an analytical theory both for a non-magnetized and a magnetized case. The electron density measured by the matched dipole and Langmuir probes in the range of 7 × 10{sup 12 }m{sup −3}–7 × 10{sup 13 }m{sup −3} show less than 30% difference. An experimentally measured tolerance/uncertainty of the dipole probe method is estimated to ±1% for plasma densities above 2 × 10{sup 13 }m{sup −3}. A spatial resolution is estimated from the experiments to be about 3d, where d is the dipole diameter. The diagnostic method is also validated by comparing the measured plasma impedance curves with results of analytical modelling.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Atomic electric dipole moment induced by the nuclear electric dipole moment: The magnetic moment effect

We have considered a mechanism for inducing a time-reversal violating electric dipole moment (EDM) in atoms through the interaction of a nuclear EDM d{sub N} with the hyperfine interaction, the ''magnetic moment effect''. We have derived the operator for this interaction and presented analytical formulas for the matrix elements between atomic states. Induced EDMs in the diamagnetic atoms {sup 129}Xe, {sup 171}Yb, {sup 199}Hg, {sup 211}Rn, and {sup 225}Ra have been calculated numerically. From the experimental limits on the atomic EDMs of {sup 129}Xe and {sup 199}Hg we have placed the following constraints on the nuclear EDMs, |d{sub N}({sup 129}Xe)|<1.1x10{sup -21}|e|cm and |d{sub N}({sup 199}Hg)|<2.8x10{sup -24}|e|cm.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study of Conduction-Cooled Superconducting Quadrupole Magnets Combined with Dipole Correctors for the ILC Main Linac

A superconducting rf (SRF) cryomodule for International Linear Collider(ILC) Main Linac equips focus/steering magnets. The magnets are "superferric" magnets with four superconducting (SC) race track coils conductively cooled from the cryomodule LHe supply pipe. The quadrupole field gradient and dipole field are 40 T/m and 0.1 T, respectively. The magnet length and iron-pole radius are 1 m and 0.045 m, respectively. It is known that dark current is generated at SRF cavities and accelerated through the following linac string. The dark current reaches and heats the SC magnets. It is estimated that the power deposition in the magnet may reach more than a few watts and temperature of the SC coils may locally reach to critical temperature of NbTi. It is important to make the magnet not reach quench with sufficient conduction cooling. We aim to realize the SC magnet which can stably operate under such condition. We plan to develop test coils made of three types of SC materials, NbTi, Nb₃Sn, and MgB₂ and study thermal characteristics and stability . We will develop a short model magnet, based on the test coil results. Here, we will present the magnet design study and the R&D plan.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Quantum Spin Ice Dynamics in the Dipole-Octupole Pyrochlore Magnet Ce 2 Zr 2 O 7

Neutron scattering measurements on the pyrochlore magnet Ce 2 Zr 2 O 7 reveal an unusual crystal field splitting of its lowest J = 5 / 2 multiplet, such that its ground-state doublet is composed of m J = ± 3 / 2 , giving these doublets a dipole-octupole (DO) character with local Ising anisotropy. Its magnetic susceptibility shows weak antiferromagnetic correlations with θ CW = - 0.4 ( 2 ) K , leading to a naive expectation of an all-in, all-out ordered state at low temperatures. Instead, our low-energy inelastic neutron scattering measurements show a dynamic quantum spin ice state, with suppressed scattering near | Q | = 0 , and no long-range order at low temperatures. We find that this is consistent with recent theory predicting symmetry-enriched U(1) quantum spin liquids for such DO doublets decorating the pyrochlore lattice. Finally, we show that disorder, especially oxidation of powder samples, is important in Ce 2 Zr 2 O 7 and could play an important role in the low-temperature behavior of this material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Matched Optics of Muon RLA and Non-Scaling FFAG ARCS

Recirculating Linear Accelerators (RLA) are an efficient way of accelerating short-lived muons to multi-GeV energies required for Neutrino Factories and TeV energies required for Muon Colliders. To reduce the number of required return arcs, we employ a Non-Scaling Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (NS-FFAG) arc lattice design. We present a complete linear optics design of a muon RLA with two-pass linear NS-FFAG droplet return arcs. The arcs are composed of symmetric cells with each cell designed using combined function magnets with dipole and quadrupole magnetic field components so that the cell is achromatic and has zero initial and final periodic orbit offsets for both passes’ energies. Matching to the linac is accomplished by adjusting linac quadrupole strengths so that the linac optics on each pass is matched to the arc optics. We adjust the difference of the path lengths and therefore of the times of flight of the two momenta in each arc to ensure proper synchronization with the linac. We investigate the dynamic aperture and momentum acceptance of the arcs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Giant perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3d transition-metal thin films on MgO

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of the Fe-based transition-metal thin films was investigated by means of first principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. A giant perpendicular MCA (PMCA), up to 3 meV, was confirmed in a 7-layer Fe-Ni film/MgO(001), where an Fe{sub 2}/Ni/Fe/Ni/Fe{sub 2} atomic-layer alignment with a bcc-like-layer stacking and the Fe/MgO interfaces play key roles for leading to the large PMCA. Importantly, we find that the PMCA overcomes enough over the magnetic dipole-dipole anisotropy that favors the in-plane magnetization even when the film thickness increases.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2011

Ferromagnetic resonance in spinor dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

We used the Gross-Pitaevskii equations to investigate ferromagnetic resonance in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with a magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. By introducing the dipole interaction, we obtained equations similar to the Kittel equations used to represent ferromagnetic resonance in condensed-matter physics. These equations indicated that the ferromagnetic resonance originated from dipolar interaction, and that the resonance frequency depended upon the shape of the condensate. Furthermore, spin currents driven by spin diffusions are characteristic of this system.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

A simple crunching of the AGS 'bare' machine ORM data - February 2007 - to extract some aspects of AGS transverse coupling at injection and extraction

The objective of this note is to (once again) explore the AGS 'ORM' (orbit response matrix) data taken (by Operations) early during the 2007 run with an AGS bare machine and gold beam. Indeed the present motivation is to extract as much information about the AGS inherent transverse coupling as possible - from general arguments and the copious ORM data. And taking this one step further, (though not accomplished yet) the goal really should be to tell the model how to describe this coupling. 'Bare' as used here means the AGS with no quadrupole, sextupole or octupole magnets powered. Only the main (combined-function) magnet string and dipole bumps necessary to optimize beam survival are powered. 'ORM data' means the systematic recording of the equilibrium orbit beam position monitor response to powering individual dipole corrector magnets. The 'matrix' results from looking at the effect of each of the (12 superperiods X 4 dipoles per superperiod) 'kicks' on each of the (12 X 6) pick up electrodes (pues) in each transverse plane. So then we have two (48 X 72) matrices of numbers from the ORM data. (Though 'pue' usually refers to the hardware in the vacuum chamber and 'bpm' to the beam position monitoring system, the two labels will be used casually here.) The exercise is carried out at two magnet rigidities, injection (AGS field {approx}434 Gauss) and extraction to RHIC ({approx}9730 Gauss), - a ratio of rigidities of about 22.4. Since we stick with a bare machine, we are also stuck with the bare tunes which means the tunes are rather close together and near 8.75. Injection: (h,v) {approx} (8.73, 8.76).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

WIND BRAKING OF MAGNETARS

We explore the wind braking of magnetars considering recent observations challenging the traditional magnetar model. There is evidence for strong multipole magnetic fields in active magnetars, but the dipole field inferred from spin-down measurements may be strongly biased by particle wind. Recent observations challenging the traditional model of magnetars may be explained naturally by the wind braking scenario: (1) the supernova energies of magnetars are of normal value; (2) the non-detection in Fermi observations of magnetars; (3) the problem posed by low magnetic field soft gamma-ray repeaters; (4) the relation between magnetars and high magnetic field pulsars; and (5) a decreasing period derivative during magnetar outbursts. Transient magnetars with L{sub x}<- E-dot{sub rot} may still be magnetic dipole braking. This may explain why low luminosity magnetars are more likely to have radio emissions. A strong reduction of the dipole magnetic field is possible only when the particle wind is very collimated at the star surface. A small reduction of the dipole magnetic field may result from detailed considerations of magnetar wind luminosity. In the wind braking scenario, magnetars are neutron stars with a strong multipole field. For some sources, a strong dipole field may no longer be needed. A magnetism-powered pulsar wind nebula will be one of the consequences of wind braking. For a magnetism-powered pulsar wind nebula, we should see a correlation between the nebula luminosity and the magnetar luminosity. Under the wind braking scenario, a braking index smaller than three is expected. Future braking index measurement of a magnetar may tell us whether magnetars are wind braking or magnetic dipole braking.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

A Simple Crunching of the AGS "bare" machine ORM Data - February 2007 - to extract some aspects of AGS Transverse Coupling at Injection and Extraction

The objective of this note is to (once again) explore the AGS “ORM” (orbit response matrix) data taken (by Operations) early during the 2007 run with an AGS bare machine and gold beam. Indeed the present motivation is to extract as much information about the AGS inherent transverse coupling as possible - from general arguments and the copious ORM data. And taking this one step further, (though not accomplished yet) the goal really should be to tell the model how to describe this coupling. “Bare” as used here means the AGS with no quadrupole, sextupole or octupole magnets powered. Only the main (combined-function) magnet string and dipole bumps necessary to optimize beam survival are powered. “ORM data” means the systematic recording of the equilibrium orbit beam position monitor response to powering individual dipole corrector magnets. The “matrix” results from looking at the effect of each of the (12 superperiods X 4 dipoles per superperiod) “kicks” on each of the (12 X 6) pick up electrodes (pues) in each transverse plane. So then we have two (48X72) matrices of numbers from the ORM data. (Though “pue” usually refers to the hardware in the vacuum chamber and “bpm” to the beam position monitoring system, the two labels will be used casually here.) The exercise is carried out at two magnet rigidities, injection (AGS field ~434 Gauss) and extraction to RHIC (~9730 Gauss), - a ratio of rigidities of about 22.4. Since we stick with a bare machine, we are also stuck with the bare tunes which means the tunes are rather close together and near 8.75. (Injection : (h,v) ~ (8.73, 8.76).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nonvolatile Magnetoelectric Switching of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Dipole Interaction

The magnetoelectric effect is technologically appealing because of its ability to manipulate magnetism using an electric field rather than magnetic field or current, thus providing a promising solution for the development of energy-efficient spintronics. Although 180° magnetization switching is vital to spintronic devices, the achievement of 180° magnetization switching via magnetoelectric coupling is still a fundamental challenge. Here, in this work, voltage-driven full resistance switching of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with dipole interaction on a ferroelectric substrate through switchable parallel/antiparallel magnetization alignment is demonstrated. Parallel magnetization alignment along the y direction is obtained under a bias magnetic field. By rotating the magnetic easy axis via strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling, the parallel magnetizations in the MTJ reorient to the x axis with opposite paths because of dipole interaction, thus resulting in antiparallel alignment. Moreover, this voltage switching of MTJs is nonvolatile owing to variations in dipole interaction and can be well understood via phase field simulations. The results provide an avenue to realize electrical switching of MTJs and are significant for exploring energy-efficient spintronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

What is needed for BISCO to work in a dipole insert for 20 tesla hybrid accelerator magnets

Developing HTS dipole inserts producing fields larger than 5 T within 15 T Nb3Sn outserts is necessary to generate 20 T or higher fields for future high energy colliders. Dipole inserts based on the cos-theta coil geometry with various stress management concepts and Bi2212 super-conducting strand and cable are being developed at Fermilab both within and beyond the U.S. national effort. On paper, the potential reach for the maximum magnetic field in existing or planned Nb3Sn outserts is close to 20 T, thanks to the progress realized in Bi2212 wires’ critical current density. To achieve the Bi2212 potential in accelerator magnets, however, a number of technological challenges still have to be faced. These for instance include the need to design billets that are adequate for Rutherford cabling; developing insulation processes and materials that prevent leaks, which reduce transport current and increase the risk of shorts; control and limit Bi2212 coils’ stresses and strains; reconsider the Split Melt Process (SMP) to lower costs and simplify the processing. This paper reviews Bi2212 conductor properties and coil technolo-gies, and proposes new ideas to face the challenges that Bi2212 still presents as an accelerator magnet conductor.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Fabrication of Bi-2212 Canted-Cosine-Theta Dipole Prototypes

The U.S. Magnet Development Program (MDP) is exploring the possibility of combining low-and higherature superconductor technologies, using cosine-theta and canted-cosine-theta (CCT) Nb3Sn dipole magnets together with Bi-2212 CCT inserts, with the ultimate goal of constructing a 20-T dipole. The MDP short-term goal is a Bi-2212 CCT insert capable of reaching 5 T in the bore when operating as a stand-alone and 3 T when operating under a background field of 15 T. This paper reports on the fabrication of our BIN4 dipole magnet and our BIN5a and BIN5b coils, designed and built at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to address potential fabrication issues of Bi-2212 coils and verify the design of our 18-20-T dipole magnet. BIN4 is a two-layer 50-cm-long CCT magnet that uses a nine-strand Rutherford cable made with 0.8-mm-diameter Bi-2212 strands. Its goal is to investigate critical current, insulation integrity, manufacturing challenges, and quench protection issues after heat treating both layers together under oxygen at standard atmosphere (1 bar). BIN5a and BIN5b are two identical coils, similar to the outer layer of BIN4, with the difference that the length is 39 cm, and they will undergo 50-bar overpressure processing heat treatment. Finally, BIN5 coils are made from the state-of-the-art strand with an engineering critical current density of 1150 A/mm 2 at 4.2 K and 5 T.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

CrRb: A molecule with large magnetic and electric dipole moments

We report calculations of Born-Oppenheimer potential energy curves of the chromium-rubidium heteronuclear molecule ({sup 52}Cr{sup 87}Rb), and the long-range dispersion coefficient for the interaction between ground state Cr and Rb atoms. Our calculated van der Waals coefficient (C{sub 6}=1770 a.u.) has an expected error of 3%. The ground state {sup 6{Sigma}+} molecule at its equilibrium separation has a permanent electric dipole moment of d{sub e}(R{sub e}=3.34Angstrom)=2.90 D. We investigate the hyperfine and dipolar collisions between trapped Cr and Rb atoms, finding elastic to inelastic cross section ratio of 10{sup 2}-10{sup 3}.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Lattice Modeling for SPEAR3

We use measured or simulated magnetic fields for dipoles and quadrupoles to build a lattice model for SPEAR3. In a non-symplectic approach the phase space coordinate mapping on the fields is based on numerical integration of the equation of motion. In a symplectic approach we approximate the fields with proper fringe field models. Complication of the use of rectangular gradient dipoles in SPEAR3 is considered. Results of the model is compared to measurements on the real machine.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

MATCHED OPTICS OF MUON RLA AND NON-SCALING FFAG ARCS

Recirculating Linear Accelerators (RLA) are an efficient way of accelerating short-lived muons to multi-GeV energies required for Neutrino Factories and TeV energies required for Muon Colliders. To reduce the number of required return arcs, we employ a Non-Scaling Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (NS-FFAG) arc lattice design. We present a complete linear optics design of a muon RLA with two-pass linear NS-FFAG droplet return arcs. The arcs are composed of symmetric cells with each cell designed using combined function magnets with dipole and quadrupole magnetic field components so that the cell is achromatic and has zero initial and final periodic orbit offsets for both passes? energies. Matching to the linac is accomplished by adjusting linac quadrupole strengths so that the linac optics on each pass is matched to the arc optics. We adjust the difference of the path lengths and therefore of the times of flight of the two momenta in each arc to ensure proper synchronization with the linac. We investigate the dynamic aperture and momentum acceptance of the arcs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗