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At least 775 records · Page 43

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2014

Stretchers and compressors for ultra-high power laser systems

This review is concerned with pulse stretchers and compressors as key components of ultra-high power laser facilities that take advantage of chirped-pulse amplification. The potentialities, characteristics, configurations and methods for the matching and alignment of these devices are examined, with particular attention to the history of the optics of ultra-short, ultra-intense pulses before and after 1985, when the chirped-pulse amplification method was proposed, which drastically changed the view of the feasibility of creating ultra-high power laser sources. The review is intended primarily for young scientists and experts who begin to address the amplification and compression of chirped pulses, experts in laser optics and all who are interested in scientific achievements in the field of ultra-high power laser systems. (review)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2018

Novel approach to single-screw compressors and expanders design

Single-screw machines are currently employed as both compressors and expanders in vapor compression systems and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs), respectively. The working principle of single-screw machines is based on the simultaneous meshing of two starwheels with one central grooved rotor. The performance of the machine is heavily affected by the wear of the tooth meshing profile after several hours of running. In order to improve the wear resistance of the conventional straight-line profile, multi-column tooth flank designs have been introduced and investigated by several researchers. Cylindrical multi-column envelope profiles are able to distribute the local contact over a larger surface area reducing the wear of the tooth flank profile. Nevertheless, the manufacturability of such profiles is directly linked to the accuracy and limitations of CNC machines. In this work, an attempt is made to overcome the aforementioned limitations. To push the boundaries of possible tooth and rotor profile designs, 3D printing is utilized as manufacturing technique. Such approach allows the investigation of more complex designs that improves the sealing lines during the meshing process. A detailed geometry model based on polygon intersections is utilized to calculate the sealing lines, groove volume curves, and surface areas of the different designs. As a result of this study, a novel rotor design has been manufactured.

Ziviani, Davide↗

DOE OSTI2020

SnowPac : a multiscale cubic B-spline wavelet compressor for astronomical images

ABSTRACT As more advanced and complex survey telescopes are developed, the size and scale of data being captured grows at increasing rates. Across various domains, data compression through wavelets has enabled the reduction of data size and increase in computation efficiency. In this paper, we provide qualitative and quantitative tests of a new wavelet-based image compression method compared against the current standard for astronomical images. The analysis is improved by making use of state-of-the-art object detection systems to accurately measure the impact of the compression. We find that a combination of lossy wavelet-based methods, efficient quantization, and lossless dictionary compressors can preserve up to 98 per cent of astronomical objects at a 10:1 compression ratio. This significant reduction in file size also preserves astronomical object properties better than existing methods. These methods help further reduce future workloads for image-heavy processing pipelines.

Pulido, Jesus↗

DOE OSTI2021

Long-Term Monitoring the Damage Performance of Multilayer Dielectric Grating Samples Residing Inside the Compressor Chamber of the OMEGA EP Laser

Understanding of the laser-induced damage threshold and impact of air–vacuum cycling of the optical components in short-pulse laser systems is of fundamental importance. We report the results of a damage-testing campaign that monitored representative pulse compression grating samples that were positioned inside the OMEGA EP grating compressor vacuum chamber during normal operation and routinely damage tested on every quarterly vent for a period of about 10 years. Here, the evolution of their damage resistance under 10-ps and 100-ps pulse lengths are associated with a significant degradation of the laser-induced damage thresholds, which is comparatively larger at 100 ps, is described.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2010

In situ detection and analysis of laser-induced damage on a 15-m multilayer-dielectric grating compressor for high-energy, petawatt-class laser systems

A grating-inspection system and a damage-analysis method have been developed to measure in situ laser-induced damage on a 1.5-m tiled-grating assembly of the OMEGA EP pulse compressor during a 15-ps, 2.2-kJ energy ramp. The beam fluence at which significant damage growth occurred was determined. This is the first report on beam fluence versus laser-induced-damage growth of meter-sized multilayer-dielectric-diffraction gratings. This result was correlated to the damage-probability measurement conducted on a small grating sample and is consistent with the fluence, corresponding to 100% damage probability.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2013

Space-Charge Effects on Beam Rotation at the Compressor Ring

Bunch-width compression can be accomplished by rf rotating an elongated bunch with minimal energy spread. The longitudinal space-charge force counteracts the rf force. When it is larger than the rf force, the focusing effect of the rf will be lost completely. This possibility is studied with analytic formulas as well as simulations. The transverse space-charge force can drive quadrupole breathing modes in the beam. If the frequencies of these modes fall into the stopbands of parametric resonances, especially the half-integer resonances, emittances will increase. Application is made to the bunch-width compression in the Fermilab Compressor Ring proposed by Alexahin and Neuffer [1], destined for pion and subsequently muon production.

Ng, K. Y.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Metal Hydride Compressor for High-Pressure (> 875 bar) Hydrogen Delivery

This project will explicitly investigate and demonstrate on a laboratory scale a two-stage Metal Hydride Compressor (MHC) system with a feed pressure of approximately 100 bar delivering highpurity H 2 gas at outlet pressures ≥ 875 bar capable of an energy efficiency of ≤ 4.0 kWh/kg relying on an innovative heat pump configuration at a refueling station.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2018

ECC Refrigerator: Develop a system model using electrochemical (ECC) compressor and metal hydride (MH) heat exchangers- FY18 2nd Quarter Milestone Report

This report describes equations for modeling electrochemical compressors and metal hydride heat exchangers. We developed two new component models into the HPDM model library. Two system simulations were conducted, one was a water heating system using LaNi5, and the other was a refrigeration system using V0.85Ti0.1Fe0.05. The simulations demonstrated that COPs of the electrochemical compression systems decreased drastically with increasing the electric current and capacity, due to reduced electrochemical compression efficiency at larger ohm resistance loss. Cyclic loss caused by the metal hydride and heat exchanger mass had a secondary effect on the system efficiency. Elimination of the heat exchanger cyclic loss could enhance the water heating COP of the LaNi5 system by 12% and increase the refrigeration COP of the V0.85Ti0.1Fe0.05 system by 7%.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2017

Extending ORNL HPDM Capabilities for Design and Optimization of New Refrigerant Blends – FY18 1st Quarterly Milestone: Perform literature review to collect heat transfer, pressure drop correlations and compressor mapping method for alternative refrigerants

Through a comprehensive literature survey, we identified heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for two-phase evaporation and condensation in fin-and-tube coils using microfin tubes and micro-channel heat exchangers. We also developed a compressor mapping method to convert the maps originally developed for R-22 or R-410A to be used by the alternative lower GWP refrigerants. The correlations and method will be implemented in HPDM for design and optimization of air conditioners and heat pumps using the new refrigerants/blends.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2011

Wellhead Compressor, Electrically-Powered Centrifugal, 500 HP

This unit process quantifies the amount of electricity required and methane emissions associated with the operation of a 500 horsepower, 95% efficiency electric centrifugal wellhead compressor for natural gas wells. To access the model referenced in the report, please visit https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=5610905D-D91D-48DB-896B-BF083A46913E

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Wellhead Compressor, Gas-Powered Centrifugal, 200 HP

This unit process quantifies the amount of electricity required and methane emissions associated with the operation of a 187 horsepower, gas-fired centrifugal wellhead compressor for natural gas wells. To access the model referenced in the report, please visit https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=2602E051-BE3E-4FC9-9E15-FA280C3E9EC2

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2011

Wellhead Compressor, Gas-Powered Reciprocating, 200 HP

This unit process quantifies the amount of electricity required and methane emissions associated with the operation of a 200 horsepower, gas-powered reciprocating wellhead compressor for natural gas wells. To access the model referenced in the report, please visit https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=E10E16AE-B71D-463B-9878-330EAB3D99DD

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Distribution combustion compressor drivers

Combustion of natural gas by compressor drivers during distribution. To access the model referenced in the report, please visit https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=A8CA4598-4568-4787-81A6-672B916BFB2B

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2020

Characterization of the β-Phrase Region of the SAS Compressor Bed 1 Material (LANA10)

Isotherm data have been acquired and analyzed on the SAS Compressor Bed 1 material in order to define a method to set the initial bed Q/M value when freshly filled after inventory. β-phase data from eleven protium and two deuterium isotherms have been combined to determine a method for calculating the bed Q/M value given a β-phase equilibrium pressure at temperature. This method is a two-step method; first, the plateau pressure is calculated based on the isotope used and the temperature of the bed, and second, the measured equilibrium pressure is divided by the computed plateau pressure to obtain the reduced pressure, which is then inserted into the β-phase equation to calculate the bed’s Q/M value. Error sources and effects are discussed, with the conclusion that the ‘true’ reduced isotherm has been determined in the β-phase which will allow virgin bed inventory to be determined to ~3-4% accuracy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Estimation of the Tritium Isotope Effect inthe SAS Compressor Bed 1 Material (LANA10)

A recent report presented a method to estimate the SAS Compressor Bed 1 (SAS CB1) loading level, in Q/M units, based on measured equilibrium pressure and temperature where the material was clearly loaded into the β-phase. This method requires the use of the equilibrium desorption isotherm plateau pressure, but no data exists to specify that value at this time. This report details a previously unreported investigation into tritium isotope effects on plateau pressure of a closely related material, herein called LANA05, conducted in the 1989-to-1993 time frame by then-SRL (Savannah River Laboratory) researchers. Data from that investigation is used to estimate the tritium isotope effect on plateau pressure in the SAS CB1 virgin LANA10 material by constructing a tritium van’t Hoff plot for LANA10 that mimics the isotope behavior in LANA05.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Hydrogen Compressor for Hydrogen Storage Integrated with a Powerplant

This report summarizes work performed by Siemens Energy (SE) to design, build and test an advanced hydrogen compressor stage suitable for use in a hydrogen electrolysis system integrated with a powerplant to achieve energy storage in the form of compressed hydrogen. As hydrogen utilization increases to achieve energy storage and decarbonization of a variety of industries, the need is growing for improved and more cost-effective hydrogen compression technologies. The counter-rotating compression stage concept demonstrated under this contract and presented in this report offers a novel approach to achieve significantly more head rise per stage of compression, resulting in the potential for decreased capital cost and footprint compared to current state of the art centrifugal compression technologies. This report includes details of the design, testing, results, and subsequent validation of aerodynamic performance predictions.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2024

Isothermal Compressor Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations (Final Report)

Carnot Compression is a startup company developing an innovative technology for air and gas compression. This technology is inherently oil-free and isothermal due to the use of water to simultaneously compress and cool the gas throughout the process. Isothermal gas compression eliminates the need to cool the compressed gas so it may lead to significant energy savings. The development of Carnot’s isothermal compressor is limited by the lack of insight into the flow and detailed behavior of the fluids (water and air/gas) inside the air end. Previous and current attempts at Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations by Carnot have been unable to provide the level of accuracy required to use simulations for technology development. In this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) used the CFD package Star-CCM+ to successfully develop a CFD simulation, providing the much-needed insight required to speed up the development. The work is intended to enable Carnot Compression to unlock its technology potential to a level sufficient for commercialization of the intended first product. The work will also prepare Carnot to scale the technology to much larger and more energy intensive applications, positioning it to broaden the product applications. Successful development of the technology has the potential to result in 20% or more efficiency gains for compression processes, or about $3 billion in annual energy savings potential for the U.S. alone.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2019

Data associated with "Methane emissions from gathering and boosting compressor stations in the U.S. Supporting volume 1: Multi-day measurements of pneumatic controller emissions"

This study was part of a larger study (the Gathering Emission Factor, or "GEF") study [1] to develop activity and methane emission factors for EPA's Greenhouse Gas Inventory (EPA GHGI) using direct emission measurements at the device level on all classes of equipment found on gathering compressor stations. To accomplish this, Colorado State University (CSU) partnered with the engineering firm AECOM to assist with planning, logistics, field work and analysis. Nine midstream natural gas companies – Anadarko Petroleum, Equinor, DCP Midstream, Kinder Morgan, MarkWest Energy Partners, Pioneer Natural Resources, Southwestern Energy, Williams Companies Inc., and XTO Energy Inc. – acted as partners in the study, provided site access for measurements, and provided representatives to advisory committees. At all times, and with the encouragement of industry partners, CSU maintained control the sampling plan, analysis and reporting. This study documents one part of the larger study - emissions from pneumatic actuated valve controllers (PC).

03 NATURAL GAS↗