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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Understanding particle size effect on fast-charging behavior of graphite anode using ultra-thin-layer electrodes
Extreme fast charging (≤ 15 min) of lithium-ion batteries is highly desirable to accelerate mass-market adoption of electric vehicles. However, significant capacity fading, as well as safety issues due to the lithium plating caused by the fast charging rate, limit its implementation. In this study, we investigated the fast-charging capability of graphite materials with various particle sizes. To eliminate the Li + ion concentration gradient effect across the thickness of the electrode, ultra-thin-layer graphite electrodes were developed to investigate the "real" fast-charging capability of graphite at the particle level. Electrochemical assessments as well as microscopic characterizations revealed that smaller particles exhibited superior fast-charging performance, featuring enhanced capacity reversibility, faster charging rate, and less lithium plating under the same fast-charging conditions. It is shown that small-particle graphite (mean radius of 3.3 μm) could withstand a 4C charge (to 80 % state-of-charge) without plating, with minimal plating occurring at 6C. Thicker particles exhibited plating at lower C-rates. Since the experimental data could not directly explain whether intra-particle diffusion limitations or interfacial reaction limitations dominated the plating mechanism, the pseudo-2-dimensional model was used to evaluate the most likely plating mechanism. The model suggested that particle-level diffusion is the dominant mechanism contributing to plating at high rates. Finally, this work provides comprehensive insights into the particle size effects on fast-charging capability, offering a better understanding of fast-charging behavior and valuable guidance for designing optimal electrode architecture for high-rate lithium-ion batteries.
Improving microbial electrolysis stability using flow-through brush electrodes and monitoring anode potentials relative to thermodynamic minima
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Defect-rich and N-doped hard carbon as a sustainable anode for high-energy lithium-ion capacitors
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Deciphering pitting behavior of lithium metal anodes in lithium sulfur batteries
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Sodiophilicity/potassiophilicity chemistry in sodium/potassium metal anodes
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Constitutional under-potential plating (CUP) – New insights for predicting the morphological stability of deposited lithium anodes in lithium metal batteries
Lithium (Li) cycling in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) inevitably witnesses a non-planar Li/electrolyte interface (cellular/dendritic microstructure) affecting the performance, safety and reliability of LMBs. Herein, the “constitutional under-potential plating” (CUP) concept is presented for the first time to understand the evolution, formation and predict the morphological stability/instability of the Li/electrolyte interface. Here, the CUP condition, a measure of the driving force for interface perturbation, occurs when the true potential gradient at the interface is smaller than the equilibrium electrodeposition potential gradient at the Li/electrolyte interface resulting in the electrolyte ahead of the Li-electrolyte interface to be in an under-potential state. Detailed CUP criterion calculations conducted herein establishes the relationship of battery operating conditions (e.g. current density, potential gradient) with the electrolyte properties (e.g. Li-ion transference number and diffusion coefficient) predicting the morphological stability condition at the interface. In addition to the driving force for interface perturbation, the capillarity effect or the Gibbs Thomson effect, a measure of the resistance to perturbation of the perturbed interface is discussed for understanding the influence of interfacial energy/adhesion energy between the current collector and the deposited Li on the overall morphological stability of the Li/electrolyte interface, a critical criterion for the unwanted dendritic morphology.
An electrode-level prelithiation of SiO anodes with organolithium compounds for lithium-ion batteries
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