Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “10-Be”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2017

Development of a Space-Flight ADR Providing Continuous Cooling at 50 mK with Heat Rejection at 10 K

Future astronomical instruments will require sub-Kelvin detector temperatures to obtain high sensitivity. In many cases large arrays of detectors will be used, and the associated cooling systems will need performance surpassing the limits of present technologies. NASA is developing a compact cooling system that will lift heat continuously at temperatures below 50 mK and reject it at over 10 K. Based on Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADRs), it will have high thermodynamic efficiency and vibration-free operation with no moving parts. It will provide more than 10 times the current flight ADR cooling power at 50 mK and will also continuously cool a 4 K stage for instruments and optics. In addition, it will include an advanced magnetic shield resulting in external field variations below 5 T. We describe the cooling system here and report on the progress in its development.

space-flight↗
NASA NTRS2017

Development of a Space-Flight ADR Providing Continuous Cooling at 50 Mk with Heat Rejection at 10 K

Future astronomical instruments will require sub-Kelvin detector temperatures to obtain high sensitivity. In many cases large arrays of detectors will be used, and the associated cooling systems will need performance surpassing the limits of present technologies. NASA is developing a compact cooling system that will lift heat continuously at temperatures below 50 mK and reject it at over 10 K. Based on Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADRs), it will have high thermodynamic efficiency and vibration-free operation with no moving parts. It will provide more than 10 times the current flight ADR cooling power at 50 mK and will also continuously cool a 4 K stage for instruments and optics. In addition, it will include an advanced magnetic shield resulting in external field variations below 5 T. We describe the cooling system here and report on the progress in its development.

sub-Kelvin ADR↗
NASA NTRS2019

Characterization of 10-ft. Diameter Aluminum Alloy 2219 Integrally Stiffened Cylinders

The integrally stiffened cylinder (ISC) process, pioneered by NASA Langley Research Center, offers significant savings for launch vehicle structures. The ISC process is a near net shape, advanced manufacturing method for fabrication of single-piece, thin-walled barrels with internal longitudinal stiffeners, eliminating the need for longitudinal welding and machining. A cost-benefit analysis of the ISC process estimated a 50 % reduction in manufacturing costs and a 10% weight savings over the current multi-piece, machined and welded construction approach for stiffened barrels. In 2017, commercial-scale manufacturing trials were pursued, leading to a successful manufacturing demonstration of 10-ft. diameter ISC barrels fabricated from Al alloy 2219. Some cracking was observed in the stiffeners during fabrication. Optical metallography was performed to evaluate the as-formed microstructures to identify potential causes of cracking, along with mechanical testing to evaluate formability. Results revealed that cracking in the stiffeners was attributed to three likely causes: 1) large Al-Cu stringer particles, 2) stick-slip friction between the mandrel and ISC due to non-optimized lubrication, and 3) differences in material flow rate between the wall and stiffener locations. Testing to gauge formability revealed a significant decrease in ductility in the longitudinal directional for the as-formed condition, attributed to reduced ductility due to the large Al-Cu stringer particles. These results provide guidance toward materials and processing modifications for future ISC forming trials.

Tayon, Wesley A.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Development of a Space-Flight ADR Providing Continuous Cooling at 50 mK with Heat Rejection at 10 K

Future astronomical instruments will require sub-Kelvin detector temperatures to obtain high sensitivity. In many cases large arrays of detectors will be used, and the associated cooling systems will need performance surpassing the limits of present technologies. NASA is developing a compact cooling system that will lift heat continuously at temperatures below 50 mK and reject it at over 10 K. Based on Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADRs), it will have high thermodynamic efficiency and vibration-free operation with no moving parts. It will provide more than 10 times the current flight ADR cooling power at 50 mK and will also continuously cool a 4 K stage for instruments and optics. In addition, it will include an advanced magnetic shield resulting in external field variations below 5 µT. We describe the cooling system here and report on the progress in its development.

Tuttle, Jim↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Upping the Ante: The TESS Mission Shortens Full Frame Images to 10 Minutes and Introduces a Twenty-Second Data Collection Mode

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) recently completed its initial two-year, near all-sky survey, identifying over 79 exoplanets and over 2000 exoplanet candidates. The mission is well on its way to find at least 50 small, nearby exoplanets for which masses can be ascertained and whose atmospheres can be characterized by ground- and space-based follow-on observations. TESS has unveiled a plethora of exciting non-exoplanet astrophysics results, such as asteroseismology, asteroids, and supernova. In the extended mission, TESS is collecting full frame images (FFIs) at 10-minute intervals rather than at 30-minute intervals, as was the case for the two-year primary mission. TESS is also collecting and providing photometry for up to 1000 20-sec targets in addition to the 20,000 target star postage stamps collected at 2-min intervals. The extended mission will also feature a five-month interval in which the 24°x96° field of view (FOV) will be rotated by 90°from its normal North-South orientation to observe a swath of the ecliptic plane. The FOVs for the remainder of the extended mission will be offset in latitude from those of the prime mission to help fill in the gaps in the full sky coverage. We discuss the performance and behavior of the data products generated by the TESS Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) at NASA Ames Research Center and highlight the new 20-sec data mode and the 10-min FFIs. The TESS Mission is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate as an Astrophysics Explorer Mission.

TESS↗
NASA NTRS1994

Toward 10-Milliarcsecond Infrared Astrometry

Infrared astometry at the 10-milliarcsecond (mas) level is applicable to experiments in stellar evolution astronomy, solar system dynamics, relativistic gravitation, and deep space laser tracking. We are pursuing astrometry with the U.C. Berkeley Infrared Spatial Interferometer (ISI) on Mt. Wilson to demonstrate a 10-mas capability for tracking stellar and solar system objects. Astrometric data from the ISI, taken and analyzed over the last 5 years, have shown that instrumental and atmospheric effects limit current demonstrations.

infrared↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

FLEET and PLIF Velocimetry Within A Mach 10 Hypersonic Air Flow

Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) velocity measurements utilizing molecular tagging velocity (MTV) methods from three recent test campaigns conducted at the 31-in Mach 10 Air Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center are highlighted within. The FLEET measurements reported here include the first direct measurement of freestream velocity at this hypersonic wind tunnel facility. Measurement challenges were exasperated by the low gas density of the Mach 10 air freestream (~0.4% of standard temperature and pressure conditions) and even lower gas densities within the hypersonic wake of a 70-degree sphere-cone model. In addition, the hypersonic freestream and very low speed velocities in the wake also tested the measurement dynamic range. To complement the FLEET measurements in the wake of the sphere-cone model, PLIF velocimetry using seeded nitric oxide was also performed. While NO-PLIF velocimetry has been performed at this facility several times by previous researchers, the use of a 1D diffractive optical element for NO-PLIF velocimetry is reported here for the first time. The 1D DOE enabled the generation of up to 75 laser lines simultaneously and improved the spatial extent of the measurement three times compared to previous work. This enabled a wide velocity measurement plane of approximately 130 mm x 130 mm. The velocimetry methods demonstrated here are expected to improve wind tunnel characterization, provide critical data to validate CFD codes, and improve the design of flight vehicles for planetary entry.

FLEET↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

FLEET and PLIF Velocimetry Within A Mach 10 Hypersonic Air Flow

Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) velocity measurements utilizing molecular tagging velocity (MTV) methods from three recent test campaigns conducted at the 31-in Mach 10 Air Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center are highlighted within. The FLEET measurements reported here include the first direct measurement of freestream velocity at this hypersonic wind tunnel facility. Measurement challenges were exasperated by the low gas density of the Mach 10 air freestream (~0.4% of standard temperature and pressure conditions) and even lower gas densities within the hypersonic wake of a 70-degree sphere-cone model. In addition, the hypersonic freestream and very low speed velocities in the wake also tested the measurement dynamic range. To complement the FLEET measurements in the wake of the sphere-cone model, PLIF velocimetry using seeded nitric oxide was also performed. While NO-PLIF velocimetry has been performed at this facility several times by previous researchers, the use of a 1D diffractive optical element for NO-PLIF velocimetry is reported here for the first time. The 1D DOE enabled the generation of up to 75 laser lines simultaneously and improved the spatial extent of the measurement three times compared to previous work. This enabled a wide velocity measurement plane of approximately 130 mm x 130 mm. The velocimetry methods demonstrated here are expected to improve wind tunnel characterization, provide critical data to validate CFD codes, and improve the design of flight vehicles for planetary entry.

FLEET↗
NASA NTRS2024

Evaluation of 10‐m Wind Speed From ISD Meteorological Stations and the MERRA‐2 Reanalysis: Impacts on Dust Emission in the Arabian Peninsula

Mineral dust is one of the most important aerosols when studying the radiative balance and climate of the planet. There are different dust emission schemes utilized by the atmospheric modeling communities, many of which disagree on basic output quantities such as mass of dust emitted and distribution of mass among size bins. In this work, we examined mineral dust emission from a leading model scheme, the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART), as utilized in the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) Reanalysis and compared it to dust emissions calculated using wind measurements from ground based weather stations located in the Arabian Peninsula that are included in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) integrated surface database (ISD). An intercomparison of 10-m wind speed is shown for the Arabian Peninsula region, differences of the observed and modeled wind field are quantified, and impacts of differences on dust emissions are calculated. This analysis shows 10-m winds in the ISD were generally lower than MERRA-2 winds, which propagated to dust emissions errors. Our estimate of one of the most significant mass impacts in dust emission is 0.178 Tg/year/grid box with a percent change of over 200% to the recalculated dust emissions from MERRA-2. These differences in wind speed propagated to a difference in dust mass emitted by the use of a static source function which aids in scaling the mass emitted by the availability of dust in each grid. Additionally, the magnitude of these differences varies seasonally.

winds↗
NASA NTRS2026

Optimization of a 10–Step Reduced CH₄/O₂ Combustion Mechanism for RDRE Applications

A 10-step, 9-species reduced mechanism for methane/oxygen combustion is evaluated and optimized for use in rotating detonation rocket engine (RDRE) simulations at an operating pressure of 10 bar. The mechanism is assessed against GRI-Mech 3.0 for ignition delay times, adiabatic equilibrium temperature and species, Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation parameters, and laminar flame speed. A sequential Nelder–Mead optimization procedure is applied to the rate constants of reactions R1, R4, and R5, targeting ignition delay agreement over the equivalence ratio range φ = 1.0–1.4 and temperature range T = 1400–2000 K. The optimized mechanism achieves ignition delay agreement within 28% of GRI-Mech 3.0 for the temperature range relevant to RDRE operation (τ ≥ 5 μs). Adiabatic equilibrium temperatures and CJ detonation parameters are reproduced within 0.15% of GRI-Mech 3.0 values, confirming thermodynamic consistency of the mechanism. Laminar flame speed predictions deviate significantly from GRI-Mech 3.0, which is attributed to the absence of HO₂ chemistry in the reduced mechanism; this limitation does not affect RDRE simulation fidelity since laminar flame propagation is of secondary importance in RDREs.

Computational Fluid Dynamics↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Measurement of νe Appearance and νµ Disappearance Using 10 Years of Data from the NOvA Experiment

NOvA is a long baseline neutrino experiment with an 810 km baseline, using the NuMIbeam at Fermilab, and a functionally identical near and far detector operating at an angle14 mrad off axis from the beam. NOvA jointly measures muon neutrino (and antineutrino)disappearance and electron neutrino (and antineutrino) appearance to make a measurementof sin2θ23, δCP, and ∆m232, including its sign, the mass ordering.This dissertation reports a new measurement from NOvA, using 10 years of data, with a totalexposure of 26.6 ×1020 POT of neutrino beam and 12.5 ×1020 POT of antineutrino beam.This represents 95.6% more neutrino beam exposure since the last NOvA analysis. Aspects ofthe analysis are discussed in detail, including neutrino energy estimation, analysis systematicuncertainties, including the implementation of systematics new to the NOvA analysis, andthe Bayesian fit infrastructure using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).The analysis yields the following credible intervals for the oscillation parameters assumingthe normal ordering: δCP = 0.930+0.210−0.290 π ∪0.150+0.150−0.110 π,∆m232 = 2.424+0.035−0.040 × 10−3eV2,and sin2θ23 = 0.55+0.02−0.06, with a 76% preference for normal ordering using a prior for sin2(2θ13)using Daya Bay’s measurement. If the Daya Bay sin2(2θ13) vs ∆m232 constraint is used as aprior instead, an 87% preference for normal ordering emerges.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The first crystal structure of a xylobiose-bound xylobiohydrolase with high functional specificity from the bacterial glycoside hydrolase family 30, subfamily 10

Xylobiose is a prebiotic sugar that has applications in functional foods. This report describes the first X-ray crystallographic structure models of apo and xylobiose-bound forms of a xylobiohydrolase (XBH) from Acetivibrio clariflavus. This xylan-active enzyme, a member of the recently described glycoside hydrolase family 30 (GH30), subfamily 10, phylogenetic clade has been shown to strictly release xylobiose as its primary hydrolysis product. Inspection of the apo structure reveals a glycone region X-2-binding slot. When X-2 binds, the non-reducing xylose in the -2 subsite is highly coordinated with numerous hydrogen bond contacts while contacts in the -1 subsite mostly reflect interactions typical for GH30 and enzymes in clan A of the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy). This structure provides an explanation for the high functional specificity of this new bacterial GH30 XBH subfamily.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca5As4(HO2)10 by Materials Project

Ca5As4(HO2)10 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted CaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with five AsO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two CaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 69–71°. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.51 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra, corners with four AsO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 69–71°. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.51 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CaO6 octahedra that share corners with six AsO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent CaO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.43 Å. There are two inequivalent As5+ sites. In the first As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–60°. There is three shorter (1.72 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) As–O bond length. In the second As5+ site, As5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five CaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–62°. There are a spread of As–O bond distances ranging from 1.70–1.77 Å. There are five inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.76 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two Ca2+ and one As5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ca2+ and one As5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one As5+, and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ca2+ and one As5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one As5+ and one H1+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one As5+, and two H1+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ca2+ and one As5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ca2+ and one As5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3(WO3)10 by Materials Project

Na3(WO3)10 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form NaO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six NaO12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight WO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.75 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form NaO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four NaO12 cuboctahedra and faces with eight WO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.75 Å. There are six inequivalent W+5.70+ sites. In the first W+5.70+ site, W+5.70+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six WO6 octahedra and faces with three NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.96 Å. In the second W+5.70+ site, W+5.70+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six WO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. All W–O bond lengths are 1.94 Å. In the third W+5.70+ site, W+5.70+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six WO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There is three shorter (1.93 Å) and three longer (1.96 Å) W–O bond length. In the fourth W+5.70+ site, W+5.70+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six WO6 octahedra and faces with three NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–1.97 Å. In the fifth W+5.70+ site, W+5.70+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six WO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°. There is four shorter (1.94 Å) and two longer (1.95 Å) W–O bond length. In the sixth W+5.70+ site, W+5.70+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with six WO6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.98 Å. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and two equivalent W+5.70+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to two Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two W+5.70+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent W+5.70+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca10Ta3Ti4Al3(SiO5)10 by Materials Project

Ca10Ti4Ta3Al3(SiO5)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.78 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.78 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.79 Å. In the fourth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.64 Å. In the fifth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.65 Å. There are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–38°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.05 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–38°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.06 Å. There are two inequivalent Ta5+ sites. In the first Ta5+ site, Ta5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–38°. There are a spread of Ta–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.06 Å. In the second Ta5+ site, Ta5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ta–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.05 Å. There are two inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TaO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–38°. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.02 Å. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TaO6 octahedra and corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.01 Å. There are five inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one TaO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–51°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.68 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TaO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–53°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.67 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two TaO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent AlO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.67 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one TaO6 octahedra and corners with three TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–54°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.66 Å. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 38–53°. There is three shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. There are twenty-five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Al3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Al3+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Al3+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ta5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaCa9Ti9Nb(SiO5)10 by Materials Project

NaCa9Ti9Nb(SiO5)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.84 Å. There are nine inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.61 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.63 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.63 Å. In the fourth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.63 Å. In the fifth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.73 Å. In the sixth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.65 Å. In the seventh Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.64 Å. In the eighth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.63 Å. In the ninth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.63 Å. There are nine inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–39°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.08 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–39°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.08 Å. In the third Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.05 Å. In the fourth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–39°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.05 Å. In the fifth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.04 Å. In the sixth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.04 Å. In the seventh Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.05 Å. In the eighth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.04 Å. In the ninth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 37°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.05 Å. Nb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NbO6 octahedra that share corners with two TiO6 octahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–39°. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. There are ten inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra and corners with three TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–54°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.66 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra and corners with three TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–53°. There is three shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra and corners with three TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–53°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.66 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NbO6 octahedra and corners with three TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–51°. There is three shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the sixth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the seventh Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the eighth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the ninth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. In the tenth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There is two shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. There are fifty inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ca2+, one Nb5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ti4+, and one Nb5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Nb5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Nb5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Nb5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Ca2+, one Nb5+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ti4+ atoms. In the thirty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fortieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4+ atom. In the forty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+, one Ti4+, and one Si4

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H2Os3(CO)10 by Materials Project

H2Os3(CO)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two Os(CO)4 clusters and two OsH(CO)3 clusters. In each Os(CO)4 cluster, Os2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four C+2.40+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.92 Å) and two longer (1.95 Å) Os–C bond length. There are four inequivalent C+2.40+ sites. In the first C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In each OsH(CO)3 cluster, there are two inequivalent Os2- sites. In the first Os2- site, Os2- is bonded to three C+2.40+ and two H1+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing OsH2C3 square pyramids. There is two shorter (1.90 Å) and one longer (1.93 Å) Os–C bond length. Both Os–H bond lengths are 1.86 Å. In the second Os2- site, Os2- is bonded to three C+2.40+ and two H1+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing OsH2C3 square pyramids. There are a spread of Os–C bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.92 Å. There is one shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (1.86 Å) Os–H bond length. There are six inequivalent C+2.40+ sites. In the first C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the sixth C+2.40+ site, C+2.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os2- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Os2- atoms. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Os2- atoms. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.40+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb3Bi7Pb3(IO)10 by Materials Project

Rb3Pb3Bi7(OI)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two O2- and five I1- atoms. There are one shorter (3.01 Å) and one longer (3.03 Å) Rb–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Rb–I bond distances ranging from 3.54–3.86 Å. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- and three I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.91 Å) and one longer (3.08 Å) Rb–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Rb–I bond distances ranging from 3.59–4.05 Å. In the third Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- and four I1- atoms. The Rb–O bond length is 2.74 Å. There are a spread of Rb–I bond distances ranging from 3.76–4.22 Å. There are three inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- and two I1- atoms. The Pb–O bond length is 2.27 Å. There are one shorter (3.26 Å) and one longer (3.57 Å) Pb–I bond lengths. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- and three I1- atoms. The Pb–O bond length is 2.19 Å. There are a spread of Pb–I bond distances ranging from 3.10–3.56 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- and three I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.31 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Pb–I bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.75 Å. There are seven inequivalent Bi3+ sites. In the first Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- and two I1- atoms. There are two shorter (2.17 Å) and one longer (2.19 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.34 Å) and one longer (3.75 Å) Bi–I bond lengths. In the second Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- and two I1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.19 Å. There are one shorter (3.34 Å) and one longer (3.39 Å) Bi–I bond lengths. In the third Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- and two equivalent I1- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.52 Å. There are one shorter (3.35 Å) and one longer (3.66 Å) Bi–I bond lengths. In the fourth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- and two I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.06 Å) and one longer (2.18 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.05 Å) and one longer (3.52 Å) Bi–I bond lengths. In the fifth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two O2- and one I1- atom. There are one shorter (2.06 Å) and one longer (2.13 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. The Bi–I bond length is 3.49 Å. In the sixth Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two O2- and two I1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.07 Å) and one longer (2.12 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.07 Å) and one longer (3.57 Å) Bi–I bond lengths. In the seventh Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two O2- and one I1- atom. There are one shorter (2.07 Å) and one longer (2.15 Å) Bi–O bond lengths. The Bi–I bond length is 3.17 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Bi3+ and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 3.59 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Bi3+ and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 3.36 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Pb2+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Bi3+ and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 3.23 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Pb2+ and one Bi3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, two Bi3+, and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 3.57 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Pb2+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+ and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 1.95 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Bi3+ and one I1- atom. The O–I bond length is 3.87 Å. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Pb2+ and two Bi3+ atoms. There are ten inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Bi3+ atom. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Bi3+ atoms. In the third I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Pb2+, and two Bi3+ atoms. In the fourth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Pb2+, four Bi3+, and two O2- atoms. In the fifth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and one Pb2+ atom. In the sixth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Bi3+, and one O2- atom. In the seventh I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+, one Pb2+, one Bi3+, and one O2- atom. In the eighth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and two Pb2+ atoms. In the ninth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one O2- atom. In the tenth I1- site, I1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, two equivalent Pb2+, one Bi3+, and one O2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗