Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “heat capacity”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic ground state of the one-dimensional ferromagnetic chain compounds M (NCS) 2 (thiourea) 2 (M=Ni,Co)

The magnetic properties of the two isostructural molecule-based magnets— Ni ( NCS ) 2 ( thiourea ) 2 , S = 1 [ thiourea = SC ( NH 2 ) 2 ] and Co ( NCS ) 2 ( thiourea ) 2 , S = 3 / 2 —are characterized using several techniques in order to rationalize their relationship with structural parameters and to ascertain magnetic changes caused by substitution of the spin. Zero-field heat capacity and muon-spin relaxation measurements reveal low-temperature long-range ordering in both compounds, in addition to Ising-like ( D < 0 ) single-ion anisotropy ( D Co ~ - 100 K, D Ni ~ - 10 K). Crystal and electronic structure, combined with dc-field magnetometry, affirm highly quasi-one-dimensional behavior, with ferromagnetic intrachain exchange interactions J Co ≈ + 4 K and J Ni ~ + 100 K and weak antiferromagnetic interchain exchange, on the order of J ' ~ - 0.1 K. Furthermore, electron charge- and spin-density mapping reveals through-space exchange as a mechanism to explain the large discrepancy in J -values despite, from a structural perspective, the highly similar exchange pathways in both materials. Both species can be compared to the similar compounds M Cl 2 ( thiourea ) 4 , M = Ni(II) (DTN) and Co(II) (DTC), where DTN is known to harbor two magnetic-field-induced quantum critical points. Direct comparison of DTN and DTC with the compounds studied here shows that substituting the halide Cl - ion for the NCS - ion results in a dramatic change in both the structural and magnetic properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluating the effects of structural disorder on the magnetic properties of Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7

Motivated by the variation in reported lattice parameters of floating-zone-grown Nd 2 Zr 2 O 7 crystals, we have performed a detailed study of the relationship between synthesis environment, structural disorder, and magnetic properties. Using a combination of polycrystalline standards, electron-probe microanalysis, and scattering techniques, we show that crystals grown under atmospheric conditions have a reduced lattice parameter relative to pristine polycrystalline powders due to occupation of the Nd site by excess Zr (i.e., negative stuffing). In contrast, crystals grown under high-pressure Ar are nearly stoichiometric with an average lattice parameter approaching the polycrystalline value. While minimal disorder of the oxygen sublattices is observed on the scale of the average structure, neutron pair-distribution function analysis indicates a highly local disorder of the oxygen coordination, which is only weakly dependent on growth environment. Most importantly, our magnetization, heat capacity, and single-crystal neutron scattering data show that the magnetic properties of crystals grown under high-pressure Ar match closely with those of stoichiometric powders. Neutron scattering measurements reveal that the signature of magnetic moment fragmentation—the coexistence of all-in-all-out (AIAO) magnetic Bragg peaks and diffuse pinch-point scattering due to spin-ice correlations–persists in these nearly stoichiometric crystals. However, in addition to an increased AIAO transition temperature, the diffuse signal is seemingly stabilized and remains nearly unchanged upon warming to 800 mK. This behavior indicates that both the AIAO magnetic order and spin-ice correlations are sensitive to deviations of the Nd stoichiometry.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Structure, electronic and magnetic characterization, and calculated electronic structures of two oxyhalide hexagonal perovskites

Herein we report the crystal structures, initial magnetic and charge transport characterization, and calculated electronic structures of the hexagonal oxyhalide perovskites, Ba 7 Ru 4 O 15 Cl 2 and Ba 7 Ru 4 O 15 Br 2 . The experimental information is obtained through the study of single crystals. Face-sharing Ru O 6 octahedra form Ru 2 O 9 dimers in a layered triangular geometry in these materials; minor amounts of off-magnetic-site structural disorder are present in our crystals. Both are magnetically isotropic, with 2.5 μB/mol-Ru, Curie-Weiss theta –185 K, and 2.9 μB/mol-Ru, Curie-Weiss theta –168 K, respectively. Broad features in the magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity associated with magnetic ordering (at 35 and 37 K, respectively) are observed. The charge transport band gaps are 0.03 eV for the oxychloride and 0.006 eV for the oxybromide. There is no gap at the Fermi level for either of these compounds in density-functional theory electronic structure calculations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Physical properties and electronic structure of single-crystal KCo 2 As 2

We present a method for producing high quality KCo 2 As 2 crystals, stable in air and suitable for a variety of measurements. X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electrical transport and heat capacity measurements confirm the high quality and an absence of long range magnetic order down to at least 2 K. Residual resistivity values approaching 0.25 µΩ cm are representative of the high quality and low impurity scattering, and a Sommerfeld coefficient γ = 7.3 mJ/mol K 2 signifies weaker correlations than the Fe-based counterparts. Together with Hall effect measurements, angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal a Fermi surface consisting of electron pockets at the center and corner of the Brillouin zone, in line with theoretical predictions and in contrast to the mixed carrier types of other pnictides with the ThCr 2 Si 2 structure. A large, linear magnetoresistance of 200% at 14 T, together with an observed linear and hyperbolic, rather than parabolic, band dispersions are unusual characteristics of this compound.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

KCo 2 As 2 : A new portal for the physics of high-purity metals

High-quality single crystals of KCo 2 As 2 with the body-centered tetragonal ThCr 2 Si 2 structure were grown using KAs self flux. Structural, magnetic, thermal, and electrical transport properties were investigated. No clear evidence for any phase transitions was found in the temperature range 2–300 K. The in-plane electrical resistivity ρ versus temperature T is highly unusual, showing a T 4 behavior below 30 K and an anomalous positive curvature up to 300 K, which is different from the linear behavior expected from the Bloch-Grüneisen theory for electron scattering by acoustic phonons. This positive curvature has been previously observed in the in-plane resistivity of high-conductivity layered delafossites such as PdCoO 2 and PtCoO 2 . The in-plane ρ(T → 0) = 0.36μΩ cm of KCo 2 As 2 is exceptionally small for this class of compounds. The material also exhibits a magnetoresistance at low T which attains a value of about 40% at T = 2 K and magnetic field H = 80 kOe. The magnetic susceptibility χ of KCo 2 As 2 is isotropic and about an order of magnitude smaller than the values for the related compounds SrCo 2 As 2 and BaCo 2 As 2 . The χ increases above 100 K, which is found from our first-principles calculations to arise from a sharp peak in the electronic density of states just above the Fermi energy E F . Heat capacity C p (T) data at low T yield an electronic density of states N(E F ) that is about 36% larger than predicted by the first-principles theory. The C p (T) data near room temperature suggest the presence of excited optic vibration modes, which may also be the source of the positive curvature in ρ(T). Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements are compared with the theoretical predictions of the band structure and Fermi surfaces. In conclusion, our results show that KCo 2 As 2 provides a new avenue for investigating the physics of high-purity metals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Layered polymorph of titanium triiodide

A previously unreported layered spin ½ triangular lattice polymorph of TiI 3 is described, synthesized under 6 GPa of applied pressure at 900 °C, but stable at atmospheric pressure. This air-sensitive material has a CdI 2 -type layered structure (P-3m1 (no. 164), a = 4.012 Å and c = 6.641 Å at 120 K, Z = 1 of Ti 0.667 I 2 ) with an in-plane triangular lattice, related to that of TiI 4 (Ti 0.5 I 2 ). Although the TiI 3 formula is consistent with expectations for a layered honeycomb lattice of spin ½ Ti(III), there appears to be disorder in the crystal structure. Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements suggest that the material undergoes several low temperature phase transitions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

YbV 3 ⁢Sb 4 and EuV 3 ⁢Sb 4 vanadium-based kagome metals with Yb 2+ and Eu 2+ zigzag chains

Here, in this work, we present Yb⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 and Eu⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 , two compounds exhibiting slightly distorted vanadium-based kagome nets interleaved with zigzag chains of divalent Yb 2+ and Eu 2+ ions. Single crystal growth methods are reported alongside magnetic, electronic, and heat capacity measurements. Yb⁢V 3⁢ Sb 4 is a nonmagnetic metal with no collective phase transitions observed between 60 mK and 300 K. Conversely, Eu⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 is a magnetic kagome metal exhibiting easy-plane ferromagneticlike order below T C =32 K with hints of modulated spin texture under low field. With Yb⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 and Eu⁢V 3 ⁢Sb 4 we demonstrate another direction for the discovery and development of vanadium-based kagome metals while incorporating the chemical and magnetic degrees of freedom offered by a rare-earth sublattice.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coupling of magnetism, crystal lattice, and transport in EuCuP and EuCuAs

EuCuP and EuCuAs are members of a family of materials with candidates for realizing magnetically tuned electronic topology. Here, in this work, the magnetic phase transitions and magnetoelastic coupling of EuCuP and EuCuAs have been investigated. Around the Curie temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient and specific-heat capacity of EuCuP are found to have two closely spaced features, at approximately 30 and 31.3 K, which may indicate a cascading magnetic transition or perhaps an electronic transition closely coupled to the magnetic ordering. The zero-field magnetoelastic coupling appears to be stronger in EuCuP than in EuCuAs, and field-dependent measurements suggest this is due to the dominant ferromagnetic interaction in EuCuP as opposed to antiferromagnetic order in EuCuAs below T N =13.5 K. Thermal expansion is anisotropic around T N in EuCuAs, with a maximum expansion along [001] occurring above T N prior to a stiffening of this c -axis component on cooling through T N ; the expansion of the basal plane has a lambda-like peak centered slightly above T N . Matching these behaviors, the ac susceptibility data for EuCuAs suggest the presence of strong ferromagnetic correlations above T N in the vicinity where the c-axis expansion peaks. Both compounds possess similar electrical and thermoelectric transport behaviors, with short-range magnetic order likely playing an important role above T C or T N . Transport properties suggest these are predominantly hole doped due to intrinsic defects, and narrow-gap semiconducting or semimetallic behavior may be achievable if the underlying defects can be tuned.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quasi-one-dimensional Pb 5 Re 3 O 15 : A 5 d realization of the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain

Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) magnetic compounds connect the exact solutions of low-dimensional magnetic geometries, which promise quantum spin liquid behavior and exotic quasiparticles, with real-world materials, in which competing magnetic interactions affect their implementation in quantum information science. Here, the structural determination and quasi-1D magnetic behavior of a previously unreported compound, Pb 5 ⁢Re 3 ⁡O 15 , is presented. Like the anisotropic triangular A 3 ⁢ReO 5 ⁢Cl 2 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) materials, Pb 5 ⁢Re 3 ⁡O 15 contains [ReO 5 ] square pyramids inserted into anion-centered quasi-two-dimensional layers and hosts spin-1/2 moments on the Re 6+ ions. Pb 5 ⁢Re 3 ⁡O 15 , however, has a more ideal quasi-1D geometry than the A 3 ⁢ReO 5 ⁢Cl 2 materials, with larger interchain distances and interlayer spacing. Quasi-1D magnetic behavior in Pb 5 ⁢Re 3 ⁡O 15 is confirmed by fitting the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility with the Bonner-Fisher model for a spin-1/2 antiferromagnetically coupled chain, yielding an intrachain coupling constant of |J|/k B =54.5K. Pb 5 ⁢Re 3 ⁡O 15 is highly insulating at room temperature, and heat capacity data below 10 K reveal a linear-T contribution that suggests the presence of low-temperature spinon excitations. Finally, with a lack of three-dimensional ordering down to at least 0.6 K, Pb 5 ⁢Re 3 ⁡O 15 is proposed as a model system for studying the quantum magnetism of quasi-1D Heisenberg chains in a real-world 5d 1 antiferromagnetic material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Magnetic order in the two-dimensional metal-organic framework manganese pyrazinecarboxylate with Mn-Mn dimers

The magnetic properties of [Mn(pyrazinecarboxylate) 2 ] n , empirical formula C 10 H 6 MnN 4 O 4 , are investigated through susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron scattering measurements. The structure consists of Mn-Mn dimers linked on a distorted 2D hexagonal structure. The weak out-of-plane interactions create a quasi-2D magnetic material within the larger three-dimensional metal-organic framework structure. Here, we show that this material undergoes a two-stage magnetic transition, related to the low dimensionality of the Mn lattice. First, at 5 K, which is assigned to the initial development of short-range order in the 2D layers. This is followed by long-range order at 3.3 K. Applied field measurements reveal the potential to induce magnetic transitions in moderately small fields of ~2 T. Neutron powder diffraction enabled the determination of a unique magnetic space group P2 1 '/c (No. 14.77) at 1.5 K. This magnetic structure consists of antiferromagnetically coupled Mn-Mn dimers with spins principally along the out-of-plane $a$ axis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Anisotropic magnetism of polymorphic ErAl 3

ErAl 3 can form in either a trigonal (α) or cubic (β) polymorph and this paper investigates the physical properties of these polymorphs through characterizations of single crystals grown in an aluminum flux. Here, we demonstrate that polymorph selection can be achieved based on the nominal composition of the crystal growth. Magnetic measurements confirm that both β-ErAl 3 and α-ErAl 3 order antiferromagnetically at low temperatures. β-ErAl 3 undergoes antiferromagnetic ordering at a Néel temperature T N = 5.1 K, and the transition is suppressed continually with applied field. α-ErAl 3 displays more complex behavior, with successive magnetic transitions at T N = 5.7 K and T 2 = 4.6 K for zero field, where heat capacity and dilatometry measurements evidence that these transitions are second and first order, respectively. Under magnetic field, strong anisotropy is revealed in α-ErAl 3 , with several steplike metamagnetic transitions observed below T 2 for H ∥ c. These transitions produce sequential magnetization plateaus near one-half of the apparent saturation magnetization. The electrical resistivity of α-ErAl 3 is strongly coupled to its magnetism. At T = 2 K, we observe a positive magnetoresistance reaching 60%, with distinct anomalies at the metamagnetic transitions. The results are summarized in H-T phase diagrams that demonstrate complex magnetic behavior for α-ErAl 3 , suggesting an important role of competing interactions in this metallic system that possesses characteristics of Ising physics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physical properties of intergrowth compound Eu 2 CuZn 2 P 3

Here, the physical properties of single-crystalline Eu 2 ⁢CuZn 2 ⁢P 3 were inspected via thermodynamic, transport, and neutron diffraction measurements. Eu 2 ⁢ CuZn 2⁢ P 3 is composed of EuCuP and EuZn 2 ⁢ P 2 motifs stacked in a one-to-one ratio. The magnetic response of Eu 2 ⁢ CuZn 2 ⁢ P 3 is similar to that of EuZn 2 ⁢ P 2 in its A-type antiferromagnetic (semiconducting) state. A Néel temperature of T N = 40.3K is obtained from the specific heat capacity. Single-crystal neutron diffraction reveals a (001) magnetic propagation vector, with primarily in-plane moments coupled along [001] in an up-up-down-down pattern. This spin structure retains the ferromagnetic EuCuP motifs and antiferromagnetic coupling across the EuZn 2 ⁢P 2 motifs. The electrical resistivity is characterized by metallic behavior above 100 K, an increase in ρ upon cooling below ≈ 75K, and a large negative magnetoresistance below T N . First principles calculations evidence a narrow band gap for antiferromagnetic ordering and semimetallic behavior for the ferromagnetic state. This is consistent with the observed effect of magnetic field on the electrical resistivity. Hall effect measurements reveal a field-induced, negative anomalous Hall effect that increases on cooling down to 2 K. Also, an unconventional contribution to the Hall effect dominates the low-field Hall signal, particularly near T N , and is similar in appearance to a topological Hall effect. However, further work is necessary to understand if any of the transport properties have topological origins or if magnetism-induced modifications to the Fermi surface induce these unusual Hall effect signals in this and related materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

First-principles thermodynamics of Al 10 ⁢V: An analytical treatment of localized anharmonic modes

Many complex intermetallic structures possess cagelike environments that can host additional guest atoms. In Al 10 ⁢V, these atoms give rise to low-frequency, localized vibrations (Einstein modes) that dominate the thermodynamic response at low temperature. They become imaginary under volume expansion as temperature rises, invalidating the harmonic approximation. Here, we develop a framework to incorporate these strongly anharmonic vibrational modes into first-principles thermodynamic calculations. By explicitly modeling the cage potential and solving the associated Schrödinger equation numerically, we compute the full anharmonic free energy contribution and demonstrate its impact on the thermodynamic behavior of Al 10⁢ V. This allows us to examine structures with different cage fillings and construct the Al-V phase diagram in the relevant composition range. Our results reproduce key experimental signatures, including the anomalous rise in the thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity at low temperatures, and reveal that the presence and the extent of cage filling by guest atoms is essential to stabilizing the Al 10 ⁢V phase at elevated temperatures.

anharmonic lattice dynamics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Anisotropy, frustration, and saddle point in the twisted kagome compound ErPdPb

The kagome lattice, with its inherent geometric frustration, provides a rich platform for exploring intriguing magnetic phenomena and topological electronic structures. In reduced-symmetry structures, such as twisted kagome systems involving rare earth elements, additional anisotropy can arise, enabling intriguing properties including spin-ice states, magnetocaloric effects, noncollinear magnetic ordering, and the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report the synthesis of single crystals of ErPdPb, which features a twisted kagome lattice net of Er atoms within the hexagonal ZrNiAl-type structure, and we investigate its magnetic, electronic, and thermal properties. The material exhibits a highly anisotropic, correlated magnetic state below 2.7 K, as evidenced by magnetic, transport, and heat capacity measurements. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate strong easy-axis anisotropy, consistent with experiment and crystal-field expectations, as well as quasi-one-dimensional bands and a spin-split saddle point at the zone center. Here, the coexistence of competing magnetic interactions along different crystallographic directions suggests an inherent degree of frustration. ErPdPb thus provides a promising platform for exploring the interplay of frustration, anisotropy, and electronic structure in a twisted kagome lattice.

Antiferromagnets↗
DOE OSTI2025

Entanglement Randomness and Gapped Itinerant Carriers in a Frustrated Quantum Magnet

The quantum spin liquid is a state manifesting extraordinary many-body entanglement, and the material NaYbSe 2 is thought to be one of the most promising candidates for its realization. Through low-temperature heat capacity and thermal conductivity measurements, we identify an apparent contradiction familiar to many quantum spin liquid candidates: While entropy is stored by apparently gapless excitations, the itinerant carriers of entropy are gapped. By studying the compositional series NaYb 𝑥⁢ Lu 1−𝑥⁢ Se 2 across a percolation transition of the magnetic lattice, we suggest that this contradiction can be resolved by the presence of entanglement scales of random sizes. Moreover, as we truncate the scale of entanglement by magnetic dilution, we show that the itinerant magnetic entropy carrier in NaYbSe 2 does not arise from a uniform globally entangled spin ground state but rather materializes through the stochastic propagation of boundaries between locally entangled spin objects.

Lyu, Yuanqi 吕源祺 [University of California, Berkele↗
DOE OSTI2026

Close Proximity to a Quantum Phase Transition in TmZn2⁢GaO5

TmZn2⁢GaO5 is a newly synthesized triangular lattice magnet that exhibits a unique quantum phase characterized by strong Ising anisotropy, a pseudodoublet crystal electric field ground state, and a low-energy gapped excitation at the 𝐾 point. Unlike its well-known counterparts, TmMgGa⁢O4 and YbMgGa⁢O4, this material crystallizes in a distinct hexagonal structure, leading to a platform for investigating frustrated magnetism. Magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements confirm the absence of long-range magnetic order down to 50 mK, placing TmZn2⁢GaO5 in a distinct region of the transverse-field Ising model phase diagram. Theoretical calculations based on spin-wave theory and mean-field modeling reproduce key experimental observations, reinforcing the material’s placement in a quantum disordered or multipolar state near a quantum critical point that separates it from the low-energy phase of TmMgGa⁢O4. These results highlight its potential for exploring quantum disordered states, anisotropic excitations, and exotic quantum phases in frustrated spin systems.

Ennis, Matthew [Department of Physics, Duke Univer↗
DOE OSTI2025

Magnetoelastic-coupling-assisted first-order antiferromagnetic transitions in the corrugated honeycomb-lattice compounds (Ca, Sr) ⁢Mn 2 ⁢ P 2

Understanding the origin of unconventional magnetic order is a central theme in the research field of functional quantum materials for spin-dependent applications. In general, a paramagnetic (PM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition is of thermodynamically second order in nature in the absence of a magnetic field. In the magnetically frustrated corrugated-honeycomb lattice compounds (Ca, Sr) ⁢Mn 2 ⁢ P 2 , electrical resistivity 𝜌 measurements in the 𝑎⁢𝑏 plane are reported to exhibit sharp discontinuities at the respective PM to AFM ordering temperatures 𝑇 N = 69.5 and 53 K, respectively, signifying the unusual first-order nature of the AFM transition. To reveal the origin of such anomalous transitions, high-resolution linear thermal-expansion measurements are reported for both CaMn 2 ⁢P 2 and SrMn 2 ⁢ P 2 in the 𝑎⁢𝑏 plane and along the 𝑐 axis using capacitance dilatometry. The thermal expansion measurements show a sharp discontinuity in Δ⁢𝐿/𝐿 at 𝑇 N , yielding a diverging behavior in the thermal expansion coefficient 𝛼⁡(𝑇) associated with strong magnetoelastic coupling, driving the first-order AFM transition in CaMn 2 ⁢P 2 . However, this effect is weaker in SrMn 2 ⁢P 2 , consistent with the magnetic entropy changes 𝑆⁡(𝑇) obtained from the heat-capacity measurements. Temperature-dependent 𝑎⁢𝑏-plane x-ray diffraction measurements for CaMn 2 ⁢ P 2 near its 𝑇 N yield a volume thermal expansion coefficient consistent with literature data for other materials. The uniaxial pressure derivatives of 𝑇 N in the two compounds are found to be respectively opposite in sign, presumably due to the different magnetic structures.

Pakhira, Santanu [Maulana Azad National Institute ↗
DOE OSTI2025

XY-like incommensurate magnetic order in Ce 2 ⁢SnS 5

We report the synthesis of single crystals of Ce 2 ⁢SnS 5 through a two-stage chemical vapor transport method. The Ce 2 ⁢SnS 5 system is a member of the orthorhombic Pbam (No. 55) space group and realizes a distorted trigonal tricapped prism (TTP) crystal field around each cerium site. We characterized the sample through orientation-dependent magnetization and heat capacity measurements to probe the magnetic anisotropy in the system characteristic of XY-like anisotropic Heisenberg model behavior. Ce 2 ⁢SnS 5 furthermore enters a zero-field ordered phase under 𝑇 𝑁 =2.4 K; powder neutron diffraction measurements reveal incommensurate magnetic order near 𝑇 𝑁 . Furthermore, the system then locks into a commensurate, two-𝑞 magnetic structure below approximately 1.2 K. This commensurate structure belongs to the Shubnikov group 𝑃⁢𝑏′⁢𝑎′⁢𝑚′ ⁡(MSG 55.359) and realizes the propagation vectors $\overrightarrow{𝑞}$ = (1/3, 0, 0) and $\overrightarrow{𝑞}$ = (0, 0, 0).

Antiferromagnetism↗