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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Complete collision data set for electrons scattering on molecular hydrogen and its isotopologues: IV. Vibrationally-resolved ionization of the ground and excited electronic states

Here, we present a comprehensive set of vibrationally-resolved cross sections for electron-impact ionization of molecular hydrogen and its isotopologues (H 2 , D 2 , T 2 , HD, HT, and DT) in both the ground and excited electronic states. We apply the adiabatic-nuclei molecular convergent close-coupling (MCCC) method to calculate cross sections from threshold to 1000 eV for ionization of the ground and excited vibrational levels of the X 1 Σ$^{+}_{g}$, B 1 Σ$^{+}_{u}$, C 1 π u , EF 1 Σ$^{+}_{g}$, a 3 Σ$^{+}_{g}$, and c 3 π u electronic states, representing all states with united-atoms-limit principle quantum number n=1–2. The cross sections are presented in graphical form and provided as both numerical values and analytic fit functions in supplementary data files. The data can also be downloaded from the MCCC database at mccc-db.org.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of three-body forces on elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering observables

In a previous series of papers we investigated the domain of applicability of chiral potentials to the construction of a microscopic optical potential (OP) for elastic nucleon-nucleus scattering. The OP was derived at the first order of the spectator expansion of the Watson multiple scattering theory and its final expression was a folding integral between the nucleon-nucleon ( N N ) t matrix and the nuclear density of the target. In the calculations N N and three-nucleon ( 3 N ) chiral interactions were used for the target density and only the N N interaction for the N N t matrix. The purpose of this study is to achieve another step towards the calculation of a more consistent OP introducing the 3 N force also in the dynamic part of the OP. The full treatment of the 3 N interaction is beyond our present capabilities. Thus, here it is approximated with a density dependent N N interaction obtained after the averaging over the Fermi sphere. In practice, in our model the 3 N force acts as a medium correction of the bare N N interaction used to calculate the t matrix. Even if the 3 N force is treated in an approximate way, this method naturally extends our previous model of the OP and allows a direct comparison of our present and previous results. We consider as case studies the elastic scattering of nucleons off C 12 and O 16 . We present results for the differential cross section and the spin observables for different values of the projectile energy. From the comparison with the experimental data and with the results of our previous model we assess the importance of the 3 N interaction in the dynamic part of the OP. Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that the contribution of the 3 N force in the t matrix is small for the differential cross section and it is sizable for the spin observables, in particular, for the analyzing power. We find that the two-pion exchange term is the major contributor to the 3 N force. A chiral expansion order-by-order analysis of the scattering observables confirms the convergence of our results at the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order, as already established in our previous work.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of exclusive photoproduction of charmonium in ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions

The cross-sections of exclusive (coherent) photoproduction J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 228 ± 10 µb -1 , collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018. The differential cross-sections are measured separately as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity in the nucleus-nucleus centre-of-mass frame for J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons. The integrated cross-sections are measured to be $σ^{coh}_{J/ψ}$ = 5.965 ± 0.059 ± 0.232 ± 0.262 mb and $σ^{coh}_{ψ(2S)}$ = 0.923 ± 0.086 ± 0.028 ± 0.040 mb, where the first listed uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the luminosity determination. The cross-section ratio is measured to be $σ^{coh}_{ψ(2S)}$/$σ^{coh}_{J/ψ}$ = 0.155 ± 0.014 ± 0.003, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These results are compatible with theoretical predictions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

A cyclic electrochemical strategy to produce acetylene from CO 2 , CH 4 , or alternative carbon sources

This paper presents the first combined measurement of the double-differential muon neutrino and antineutrino charged-current cross sections with no pions in the final state on hydrocarbon at the off-axis near detector of the T2K experiment. The data analyzed in this work comprise 5.8 × 10$^{20}$ and 6.3 × 10$^{20}$ protons on target in neutrino and antineutrino mode respectively, at a beam energy peak of 0.6 GeV. Using the two measured cross sections, the sum, difference, and asymmetry were calculated with the aim of better understanding the nuclear effects involved in such interactions. The extracted measurements have been compared with the prediction from different Monte Carlo generators and theoretical models showing that the difference between the two cross sections have interesting sensitivity to nuclear effects.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

J/psi photoproduction close to threshold at GlueX

Close-to-threshold photoproduction probes small-size gluon configurations in the proton. Under certain assumptions it allows us to study the proton properties, as gluonic GPDs, anomalous contribution to the mass of the proton, gravitational form factors, and the mass radius of the proton. A careful comparison of the experimental data with the theoretical predictions would help us to verify the validity of those assumptions. The first cross-section measurements of near-threshold reaction by the GlueX Collaboration (Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 072001 (2019)) has attracted a considerable theoretical interest. Along with the relation to the gluonic properties of the proton, the measurement exploited a possibility of the LHCb Pentaquark production in the s-channel of the observed reaction, placing a limit of the decay probability . Here we present new GlueX results based on a four-times larger data set. The higher statistics along with the full acceptance of the GlueX spectrometer allow us to measure the differential cross section in several energy ranges and compare the results with several theoretical calculations.

Chudakov, Eugene↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of $Z\gamma \gamma$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Cross-sections for the production of a $Z$ boson in association with two photons are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC. The measurements use the electron and muon decay channels of the $Z$ boson, and a fiducial phase-space region where the photons are not radiated from the leptons. The integrated $Z$($\rightarrow$ $\ell$$\ell$)$\gamma \gamma$ cross-section is measured with a precision of 12% and differential cross-sections are measured as a function of six kinematic variables of the $Z\gamma \gamma$ system. The data are compared with predictions from MC event generators which are accurate to up to next-to-leading order in QCD. The cross-section measurements are used to set limits on the coupling strengths of dimension-8 operators in the framework of an effective field theory.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Updates and Validation for the n+ 63,65 Cu Cross Sections [Slides]

The RRR and URR parameters for 63,65 Cu have been optimized to transmission and capture data. Several data sets have been newly incorporated in this evaluation. The angular distribution parameters have been adopted from differential measurements, as was done in ENDF/B-V. The performance of this evaluation in the integral benchmark calculations is favorable, and the validation is ongoing.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study of Drell-Yan dimuon production in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 8.16 TeV

Differential cross sections for the Drell-Yan process, including Z boson production, using the dimuon decay channel are measured in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV. A data sample recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 173 nb$^{−1}$. The differential cross section as a function of the dimuon mass is measured in the range 15–600 GeV, for the first time in proton-nucleus collisions. It is also reported as a function of dimuon rapidity over the mass ranges 15–60 GeV and 60–120 GeV, and ratios for the p-going over the Pb-going beam directions are built. In both mass ranges, the differential cross sections as functions of the dimuon transverse momentum p$_{T}$ and of a geometric variable ϕ$^{*}$ are measured, where ϕ$^{*}$ highly correlates with p$_{T}$ but is determined with higher precision. In the Z mass region, the rapidity dependence of the data indicate a modification of the distribution of partons within a lead nucleus as compared to the proton case. The data are more precise than predictions based upon current models of parton distributions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The diffractive contribution to deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering: Implications for QCD momentum sum rules and parton distributions

The cross section for deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering (DIS) ℓp→ℓ'p'X includes a diffractive deep inelastic (DDIS) contribution ℓp→ℓ'p'X, in which the proton remains intact with a large longitudinal momentum fraction x F greater than 0.9 and small transverse momentum. The DDIS events, which can be identified with Pomeron exchange in the t-channel, account for approximately 10% of all of the DIS events. Thus, when one measures DIS, one automatically includes the leading-twist Bjorken-scaling DDIS events as a contribution to the DIS cross section, whether or not the final-state proton p' is detected. In such events, the missing momentum fraction x p ' ~0.9 carried by the final-state proton p' in the DDIS events could be misidentified with the light-front momentum fraction carried by sea quarks or gluons in the protons' Fock structure. As we shall show in this article, the underlying QCD Pomeron-exchange amplitude which produces the DDIS events does not obey the operator product expansion nor satisfy momentum sum rules. Thus we conclude that the quark and gluon distributions measured in DIS experiments will be misidentified, unless the measurements explicitly exclude the DDIS events and that a correct determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) derived from the DIS data requires the explicit subtraction of the DDIS contribution from the full DIS cross section.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Measurement and effective field theory interpretation of the photon-fusion production cross section of a pair of W bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV

This analysis presents an observation of the photon-fusion production of W boson pairs using the CMS detector at the LHC. The total cross section of the W + W − production in photon fusion is measured using proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 collected with the CMS detector in 2016–2018 at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13 $ TeV. Events are selected in the final state with one isolated electron and one isolated muon, and no additional tracks associated with the electron-muon production vertex. The total and fiducial production cross sections are 643$^{+82}_{–78}$ fb and 3.96$^{+0.53}_{–0.51}$ fb, respectively, in agreement with the standard model predictions of 631 ± 126 fb and 3.87 ± 0.77 fb. This agreement enables stringent constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings within a dimension-8 effective field theory framework.

Hadron-Hadron Scattering↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements of inclusive and differential Higgs boson production cross sections at $\sqrt{\text{s}} = 13.6$ TeV in the H → γγ decay channel

Inclusive and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV are measured using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2022, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb −1 . Events with the diphoton final state are selected, and the measured inclusive fiducial cross section is ${\sigma }_{\text{fid}}={74}\pm {11}{\left({\text{stat}}\right)}_{-4}^{+5}\left({\text{syst}}\right)$ fb, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 67.8 ± 3.8 fb. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of several observables: the Higgs boson transverse momentum and rapidity, the number of associated jets, and the transverse momentum of the leading jet in the event. Within the uncertainties, the differential cross sections agree with the standard model predictions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

J/Psi Photoproduction Near Threshold With CLAS12

The structure of the proton is comprised of quarks and a sea of gluons. A mechanism that can extract the characteristics of the hidden-color correlations of the nuclear wavefunction is the production of charm near threshold. Due to the fact that momentum transfer is large near threshold in the production of J/ψ , all three valence quarks must act coherently to ex- change energy for the reaction to occur. Models have been developed to predict the nature of J/ψ photoproduction at these specific energies. These include production mechanisms with the two-gluon and three-gluon exchanges. The transferred momentum dependence of the differential cross sections are sensitive to the gluonic form factors, which describe the distribution of color charge in the proton. The CLAS12 detector is capable of measuring J/ψ photoproduction at the energy range close to the threshold. Work showcased in this dissertation encompasses the preparation of the CLAS12 experiments, including the optimization of tracking reconstruction through the study of the Torus magnetic field. In terms of software, contributions were made to the CLAS12 Event Builder, a key stage of reconstruction where event-by-event information is summarized for efficient data analysis. After the run periods were successfully completed, analysis of the RG-A data commenced and an analysis framework was developed to measure the differential and total cross sections of J/ψ photoproduction in Hall B.

Newton, Joseph↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of Υ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV

The production cross-sections of Υ mesons, namely Υ(1S), Υ(2S) and Υ(3S), in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV are measured with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.13 ± 0.18 pb –1 collected by the LHCb detector. The Υ mesons are reconstructed in the decay mode Υ → μ + μ – . Double differential cross-sections times branching fractions, as functions of the transverse momentum p T and the rapidity y of the Υ mesons, are measured in the range p T < 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The results integrated over these p T and y ranges are $\sigma \left(\textrm{Y}(1S)\right)\times \mathcal{B}\left(\textrm{Y}(1S)\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=2101\pm 33\pm 83\ \textrm{pb},$ $\sigma \left(\textrm{Y}(2S)\right)\times \mathcal{B}\left(\textrm{Y}(2S)\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=526\pm 20\pm 21\ \textrm{pb},$ $\sigma \left(\textrm{Y}(3S)\right)\times \mathcal{B}\left(\textrm{Y}(3S)\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=242\pm 16\pm 10\ \textrm{pb},$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The ratios of cross-sections between measurements of two different Υ states and between measurements at different centre-of-mass energies are determined. The nuclear modification factor of Υ(1S) at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV is updated as well using the directly measured cross-section results from this analysis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Analysis

Ion mobility spectrometry is a widely used analytical technique providing gas phase separation of molecules. It has received increasing attention in the recent years with the advancement in technology development and the availability of commercial instruments. In this chapter, we introduced the ion mobility fundamental theory and provided examples of IMS applications, especially for isomer separation, collision cross section database generation, high throughput analysis workflows, software tools for IMS data analysis, and ongoing high resolution SLIM IMS development. While IMS is not yet routinely utilized in drug discovery and pharmaceutical industry, there has been increased interest in high throughput library screening and antibody characterization. With all the ongoing development in IMS technology and informatics, we foresee more and more exciting applications of high throughput IMS analysis in different fields including omics studies, drug discovery and clinical applications in the near future.

Ross, Dylan H.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Lorentz and CPT violation in partons

A framework is presented for the factorization of high-energy hadronic processes in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation. The comprehensive effective field theory describing Lorentz and CPT violation, the Standard-Model Extension, is used to demonstrate factorization of the hadronic tensor at leading order in electroweak interactions for deep inelastic scattering and for the Drell-Yan process. Effects controlled by both minimal and nonminimal coefficients for Lorentz violation are explored, and the equivalent parton-model description is derived. The methodology is illustrated by determining cross sections and studying estimated attainable sensitivities to Lorentz violation using real data collected at the Hadronen-Elektronen Ring Anlage and the Large Hadron Collider and simulated data for the future US-based electron-ion collider.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Constraining non-standard neutrino interactions with neutral current events at long-baseline oscillation experiments

We explore, for the first time, neutral-curren t events at long-baseline experiments to constrain vector and axial-vector neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) with quarks. We leverage the flavor dependence of NSIs to perform an oscillation analysis in the neutral- current channel. We first introduce a framework to parametrize the effect of NSI on the cross section. Then, as an example, we analyze NOvA neutral-current data which provides significantly improved constraints on the axial-vector NSI parameters ${\varepsilon}_{\mu \mu}^A$, ${\varepsilon}_{\tau \tau}^A$ and ${\varepsilon}_{e\mu}^A$. This is highly complementary to constraints from SNO data, which, differently from long-baseline neutral current data, is not sensitive to isospin conserving NSIs ${\varepsilon}_u^A$ = ${\varepsilon}_d^A$. Additionally, we disfavor large values of the diagonal vectorial NSI ${\varepsilon}_{\mu \mu}^{VV}$ and ${\varepsilon}_{\tau \tau}^V$ which originate from the LMA-Dark solution. We also highlight the complementarity between NSI searches at oscillation experiments using charged current and neutral current channels.

neutrino interactions↗
DOE OSTI2022

On extraction of twist-two Compton form factors from DVCS observables through harmonic analysis

We investigate the exercise of locally extracting the real and imaginary parts of the four twist-2 Compton form factors (CFFs) {$\mathcal{H,E,\tilde H,\tilde E}$} which arise in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) process e + p → e + p + y. Neglecting dynamical higher-twist contributions, we find that there are a sufficient number of DVCS observables and degrees of freedom to extract all 8 leading quantities model-independently, exploiting the azimuthal dependence of the absolute cross sections across all possible beam and target polarizations at a common kinematical point in {Q, t,x b , y}. As an example, for typical JLab lab-frame kinematics, we simplify the reduced DVCS observables to their dominant terms, providing a sufficient number of equations for local determination of the twist-2 CFFs. We demonstrate the feasibility using harmonic fitting to both cross sections and beam spin asymmetries with both real and pseudo-data.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗