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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Synthesis, Composition, Photoluminescence, and Stability of Properties of Colloidal InSb-Based Quantum Dots

Colloidal InSb-based quantum dots (QDs) without shells and with InP, CdS, InP/CdS, and InP(Cd)/CdS shells were synthesized and studied. The best characteristics of photoluminescence and its stability were obtained for InSb core/shell QDs with InP(Cd)/CdS two-layer shell. The obtained results are explained in the framework of models of the excitonic recombination mechanism and the electron quantum confinement of a QD core by an isomorphous two-layer shell.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Modeling photovoltaic performance in periodic patterned colloidal quantum dot solar cells

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells have attracted tremendous attention mostly due to their wide absorption spectrum window and potentially low processability cost. The ultimate efficiency of CQD solar cells is highly limited by their high trap state density. Here in this paper we show that the overall device power conversion efficiency could be improved by employing photonic structures that enhance both charge generation and collection efficiencies. By employing a two-dimensional numerical model, we have calculated the characteristics of patterned CQD solar cells based of a simple grating structure. Our calculation predicts a power conversion efficiency as high as 11.2%, with a short circuit current density of 35.2 mA/cm 2 , a value nearly 1.5 times larger than the conventional flat design, showing the great potential value of patterned quantum dot solar cells.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

High-dimensional quantum key distribution using orbital angular momentum of single photons from a colloidal quantum dot at room temperature

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HDQKD) is a promising avenue to address the inherent limitations of basic quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, experimental realizations of HDQKD to date have relied on indeterministic photon sources that limit the achievable key rate. In this paper, we demonstrate a full emulation of a HDQKD system using a single colloidal giant quantum dot (gQD) as a deterministic, compact, and room-temperature single-photon source (SPS). We demonstrate a practical protocol by encoding information in a high-dimensional space (d = 3) of the orbital angular momentum of the photons. Our experimental configuration incorporates two spatial light modulators for encoding and decoding the spatial information carried by individual photons. Our experimental demonstration establishes the feasibility of utilizing high radiative quantum yield gQDs as practical SPSs for HDQKD. We also experimentally demonstrate surpassing the traditional d = 2 QKD capacity with comparable error rates, indicating a significant improvement in performance while maintaining reliability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Pu Sorption, Desorption and Intrinsic Colloid Stability under Granitic Chemical Conditions

This progress report (M4FT-14LL0807031) describes research conducted at LLNL as part of the Crystalline Repository effort within the UFD program. Part I describes the dissolution kinetics of intrinsic Pu colloids synthesized in an alkaline solution. Part II describes the morphology and dissolution characteristics of various forms of Pu oxides prepared over a range of solution and temperature conditions. Proposed FY15 activities are identified.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2018

Colloidal Synthesis of Bulk-Bandgap Lead Selenide Nanocrystals

Lead selenide quantum dots (QDs) are low-bandgap IV-VI semiconducting nanomaterials that have been studied for a variety of applications. Their preparation using colloidal methods can create small spherical to larger cubic nanocrystals, with an upper limit of ~17 nm reported to date. Here we describe methods for preparing cubic PbSe nanocrystals over a 20–40 nm size range using a twostep procedure. Specifically, ~10 nm PbSe QDs are generated using the rapid injection method, the products from which are overcoated with additional lead and selenium precursors. The use of two lead reagents were studied; lead oleate resulted in a maximum of 20 nm cubes, while more reactive lead hexyldecanoate resulted in much larger nanomaterials with bulk bandgaps. However, PbSe samples prepared with lead hexyldecanoate also contained agglomerates. Special care must be taken when characterizing larger strained nanomaterials with X-ray powder diffraction, for which the Scherrer equation is inadequate. A more rigorous approach using the Williamson–Hall method provides characterizations that are consistent with electron microscopy analysis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay strip using monoclonal antibody for rapid detection of porcine deltacoronavirus

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cause diarrhea and dehydration in newborn piglets and has the potential for cross-species transmission. Rapid and early diagnosis is important for preventing and controlling infectious disease. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated, which could specifically recognize recombinant PDCoV nucleocapsid (rPDCoV-N) protein. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) strip using these mAbs was developed to detect PDCoV antigens within 15 min. Results showed that the detection limit of the GICA strip developed in this study was 10 3 TCID 50 /ml for the suspension of virus-infected cell culture and 0.125 μg/ml for rPDCoV-N protein, respectively. Besides, the GICA strip showed high specificity with no cross-reactivity with other porcine pathogenic viruses. Three hundred and twenty-five fecal samples were detected for PDCoV using the GICA strip and reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The coincidence rate of the GICA strip and RT-qPCR was 96.9%. The GICA strip had a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.9% and diagnostic specificity of 98.5%. The specific and efficient detection by the strip provides a convenient, rapid, easy to use and valuable diagnostic tool for PDCoV under laboratory and field conditions.

Wang, Wei↗
DOE OSTI2017

Adsorption of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Derived from S. cerevisiae to Ceria Nanoparticles and the Effects on Their Colloidal Stability

In order to understand the adsorption preferences of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) components derived from fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae on sparingly soluble CeO 2 nanoparticles (CeNPs), the adsorption experiments of the EPS including organic matter with low molecular weight have been performed at pH 6.0 at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). The subsequent effects of the coating on the dispersibility of CeNPs was systematically measured as a function of time and ionic strength ranging from 1 to 1000 mmol L –1 . Among the EPS and other components, orthophosphate and saccharides preferentially adsorb onto CeNPs, and proteins are the only major N-compounds adsorbing onto the CeNP surfaces. Adsorption of orthophosphate resulted in a dramatic decrease in ζ potential to –40 mV at pH > 5, whereas the EPS adsorption suppressed the deviation of ζ potential within a narrow range (–20–+20 mV) at pHs ranging from 3 to 11. Critical aggregation concentrations (CAC) of an electrolyte (NaCl), inorganic orthophosphate, and EPS solutions are 0.01, 0.14, and 0.25 mol L –1 , respectively, indicating that the EPS adsorption suppresses aggregation of CeNPs by the electrostatic repulsive forces derived from the adsorbed orthophosphate and the steric barrier formed by organic matter on the nanoparticle surfaces. Therefore, the EPS derived from fungus S. cerevisiae can potentially enhance colloidal dispersibility of CeNPs at circumneutral pH.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

High Seebeck Coefficient from Screen-Printed Colloidal PbSe Nanocrystals Thin Film

Thin-film thermoelectrics (TEs) with a thickness of a few microns present an attractive opportunity to power the internet of things (IoT). Here, we propose screen printing as an industry-relevant technology to fabricate TE thin films from colloidal PbSe quantum dots (QDs). Monodisperse 13 nm-sized PbSe QDs with spherical morphology were synthesized through a straightforward heating-up method. The cubic-phase PbSe QDs with homogeneous chemical composition allowed the formulation of a novel ink to fabricate 2 μm-thick thin films through robust screen printing followed by rapid annealing. A maximum Seebeck coefficient of 561 μV K -1 was obtained at 143 °C and the highest electrical conductivity of 123 S m -1 was reached at 197 °C. Power factor calculations resulted in a maximum value of 2.47 × 10 -5 W m -1 K -2 at 143 °C. To the best of our knowledge, the observed Seebeck coefficient value is the highest reported for TE thin films fabricated by screen printing. Thus, this study highlights that increased Seebeck coefficients can be obtained by using QD building blocks owing to quantum confinement.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances—collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle—in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-IR was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

nano↗
NASA NTRS1966

Colloidal suspension simulates linear dynamic pressure profile

Missile nose fairings immersed in colloidal suspension prepared with various specific gravities simulate pressure profiles very similar to those encountered during reentry. Stress and deflection conditions similar to those expected during atmospheric reentry are thus attained in the laboratory.

Mc Cann, R. J.↗