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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Epitaxial Thin Film Growth on Recycled SrTiO 3 Substrates Toward Sustainable Processing of Complex Oxides

Complex oxide thin films cover a range of physical properties and multifunctionalities that are critical for logic, memory, and optical devices. Typically, the high‐quality epitaxial growth of these complex oxide thin films requires single crystalline oxide substrates such as SrTiO 3 (STO), MgO, LaAlO 3 , a‐Al 2 O 3, and many others. Recent successes in transferring these complex oxides as free‐standing films not only offer great opportunities in integrating complex oxides on other devices, but also present enormous opportunities in recycling the deposited substrates after transfer for cost‐effective and sustainable processing of complex oxide thin films. In this work, the surface modification effects introduced on the recycled STO are investigated, and their impacts on the microstructure and properties of subsequently grown epitaxial oxide thin films are assessed and compared with those grown on the pristine substrates. Detailed analyses using high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and geometric phase analysis demonstrate distinct strain states on the surfaces of the recycled STO versus the pristine substrates, suggesting a pre‐strain state in the recycled STO substrates due to the previous deposition layer. These findings offer opportunities in growing highly mismatched oxide films on the recycled STO substrates with enhanced physical properties. Specifically, yttrium iron garnet (Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 ) films grown on recycled STO present different ferromagnetic responses compared to that on the pristine substrates, underscoring the effects of surface modification. The study demonstrates the feasibility of reuse and redeposition using recycled substrates. Via careful handling and preparation, high‐quality epitaxial thin films can be grown on recycled substrates with comparable or even better structural and physical properties toward sustainable process of complex oxide devices.

pre-strained STO surfaces↗
DOE OSTI2020

High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Wide Toleration of Active Layer Thickness

Industrial printing production of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires high power conversion efficiency (PCE) with wide toleration of active layer thickness. Herein, high‐efficiency thick‐film OSCs are demonstrated using a polymer fibril network strategy (FNS), which involves a donor polymer (PT2) that can self‐assemble into fibril nanostructure, and two nonfullerene acceptors with different crystalline properties. The fibril network can form a high‐speed hole transport channel and the addition of IDIC as a third component in active layers can improve the electron transport. As a result, the OSCs show high PCEs of ≈12% with wide toleration of active layer thickness (from 100 to 500 nm). The results indicate that FNS is a promising approach for the fabrication of highly efficient thick‐film PSCs, which can facilitate the commercialization of OSCs.

Weng, Kangkang↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Self‐Healing Chemistry‐Enabled Organic Cathode for Sustainable and Stable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sodium‐on batteries (SIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of the low cost, abundance, and high sustainability of sodium resources. Analogous to LIBs, the high‐capacity electrodes in SIBs always suffer from rapid capacity decay upon long‐term cycling due to the particle pulverization induced by a large volume change. Circumventing particle pulverization plays a critical role in developing high‐energy and long‐life SIBs. Herein, tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone disodium salt (TBDS) that can self‐heal the cracks by hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl group and carbonyl group is employed as a cathode for sustainable and stable SIBs. The self‐healing TBDS exhibits long cycle life of 1000 cycles with a high rate capability up to 2 A g −1 due to the fast Na‐ion diffusion reaction in the TBDS cathode. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding has been comprehensively characterized to understand the self‐healing mechanism. The hydrogen bonding‐enabled self‐healing organic materials are promising for developing high‐energy and long‐cycle‐life SIBs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Hierarchical Conditioning of Diffusion Models Using Tree-of-Life for Studying Species Evolution

A central problem in biology is to understand how organisms evolve and adapt to their environment by acquiring variations in the observable characteristics or traits of species across the tree of life. With the growing availability of large-scale image repositories in biology and recent advances in generative modeling, there is an opportunity to accelerate the discovery of evolutionary traits automatically from images. Toward this goal, we introduce Phylo-Diffusion, a novel framework for conditioning diffusion models with phylogenetic knowledge represented in the form of HIERarchical Embeddings (HIER-Embeds). We also propose two new experiments for perturbing the embedding space of Phylo-Diffusion: trait masking and trait swapping, inspired by counterpart experiments of gene knockout and gene editing/swapping. Our work represents a novel methodological advance in generative modeling to structure the embedding space of diffusion models using tree-based knowledge. Our work also opens a new chapter of research in evolutionary biology by using generative models to visualize evolutionary changes directly from images. We empirically demonstrate the usefulness of Phylo-Diffusion in capturing meaningful trait variations for fishes and birds, revealing novel insights about the biological mechanisms of their evolution. (Model and code can be found at imageomics.github.io/phylo-diffusion)

Khurana, Mridul↗
DOE OSTI2021

Multiplicative noise and the diffusion of conserved densities

Stochastic fluid dynamics governs the long time tails of hydrodynamic correlation functions, and the critical slowing down of relaxation phenomena in the vicinity of a critical point in the phase diagram. In this work we study the role of multiplicative noise in stochastic fluid dynamics. Multiplicative noise arises from the dependence of transport coefficients, such as the diffusion constants for charge and momentum, on fluctuating hydrodynamic variables. We study long time tails and relaxation in the diffusion of a conserved density (model B), and a conserved density coupled to the transverse momentum density (model H). Careful attention is paid to fluctuation-dissipation relations. We observe that multiplicative noise contributes at the same order as non-linear interactions in model B, but is a higher order correction to the relaxation of a scalar density and the tail of the stress tensor correlation function in model H.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of e+e- → γΦJ/ψ from $\sqrt{s}$ = 4.600 to 4.951 GeV

Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 6.4 fb -1 collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the process of e+e- → γΦJ/ψ is studied. The processes of e + e - → Φχc1,c2, χc1,c2 → γJ/ψ are observed with a significance of more than 10σ. The √s-dependent cross section of e + e - → Φχc1,c2 is measured between 4.600 and 4.951 GeV, and evidence of a resonance structure is found for the first time in the Φχc2 process. We also search for the processes of e + e - → γX(4140), γX(4274) and γX(4500) via the γΦJ/ψ final state, but no obvious structures are found. The upper limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction for these processes at the 90% confidence level are reported.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of the e+e− → $$ {K}_S^0{K}_L^0 $$π0 cross sections from $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 2.000 to 3.080 GeV

Abstract Based one + e − collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis is performed for the processe + e − →$$ {K}_S^0{K}_L^0 $$ K S 0 K L 0 π 0 . The results allow the Born cross sections of the processe + e − →$$ {K}_S^0{K}_L^0 $$ K S 0 K L 0 π 0 , as well as its subprocessese + e − →K ∗ (892) 0 $$ \overline{K} $$ K ¯ 0 and$$ {K}_2^{\ast } $$ K 2 ∗ (1430) 0 $$ \overline{K} $$ K ¯ 0 to be measured. The Born cross sections fore + e − →$$ {K}_S^0{K}_L^0 $$ K S 0 K L 0 π 0 are consistent with previous measurements by BaBar, but with substantially improved precision. The Born cross section lineshape of the processe + e − K ∗ (892) 0 $$ \overline{K} $$ K ¯ 0 is consistent with a vector meson state around 2.2 GeV with a significance of 3.2σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass asM Y = (2164.7±9.1±3.1) MeV/c 2 and its width as Γ Y = (32.4±21.0±1.8) MeV.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of η(1405)/η(1475) in $J/\psi \to \gamma {K}_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi}^0$ decay

Using a sample of (10 . 09 ± 0 . 04) × 10 9 J/ψ decays collected with the BESIII detector, partial wave analyses of the decay $ J/\psi \to \gamma {K}_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi}^0$ are performed within the ${K}_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi}^0$ invariant mass region below 1.6 GeV/ c 2 . The covariant tensor amplitude method is used in both mass independent and mass dependent approaches. Both analysis approaches exhibit dominant pseudoscalar and axial vector components, and show good consistency for the other individual components. Furthermore, the mass dependent analysis reveals that the ${K}_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi}^0$ invariant mass spectrum for the pseudoscalar component can be well described with two isoscalar resonant states using relativistic Breit-Wigner model, i.e., the η (1405) with a mass of $1391.7\pm {0.7}_{-0.3}^{+11.3}$ MeV/ c 2 and a width of $60.8\pm {1.2}_{-12.0}^{+5.5}$ MeV, and the η (1475) with a mass of $1507.6\pm {1.6}_{-32.2}^{+15.5}$ MeV/ c 2 and a width of $115.8\pm {2.4}_{-10.9}^{+14.8}$ MeV. The first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Alternate models for the pseudoscalar component are also tested, but the description of the ${K}_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi}^0$ invariant mass spectrum deteriorates significantly.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Observation of ψ(3686) → $$ {\varOmega}^{-}{K}^{+}{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ + c.c.

Abstract Using (27.12±0.14)×10 8 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decay ofψ(3686)→$$ {\varOmega}^{-}{K}^{+}{\overline{\Xi}}^0 $$ Ω − K + Ξ ¯ 0 + c.c.is observed for the first time. The branching fraction of this decay is measured to be$$ {\mathcal{B}}_{\psi (3686)\to {\varOmega}^{-}{K}^{+}{\overline{\Xi}}^0+\textrm{c}.\textrm{c}.} $$ B ψ 3686 → Ω − K + Ξ ¯ 0 + c . c . = (2.78 ± 0.40 ± 0.18) × 10 −6 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Possible baryon excited states are searched for in this decay, but no evident intermediate state is observed with the current sample size.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Helicity amplitude analysis of χcJ → ϕϕ

Using (447.9 ± 2.3) million ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, the decays of χcJ → ΦΦ (J = 0, 1, 2) have been studied via the decay ψ(3686) → γχcJ. The branching fractions of the decays χcJ → ΦΦ (J = 0, 1, 2) are determined to be (8.59 ± 0.27 ± 0.20) × 10-4, (4.26 ± 0.13 ± 0.15) × 10-4, and (12.67 ± 0.28 ± 0.33) × 10-4, respectively, which are the most precise measurements to date. From a helicity amplitude analysis of the process ψ(3686) → γχcJ , χcJ → ΦΦ, Φ → K+K-, the polarization parameters of the χcJ → ΦΦ decays are determined for the first time.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of Born cross section of $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{\overline{\Sigma}}^{-} $$ at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.951 GeV

Abstract Using 24.1 fb −1 ofe + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the Born cross sections and effective form factors of the$$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{\overline{\Sigma}}^{-} $$ e + e − → Σ + Σ ¯ − reaction are measured. The measurements are performed at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.510 to 4.951 GeV. No significant evidence for the decay of the charmonium(-like) states,ψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),Y(4230),Y(4360),ψ(4415), andY(4660), into a$$ {\Sigma}^{+}{\overline{\Sigma}}^{-} $$ Σ + Σ ¯ − final state is observed. Consequently, upper limits for the products of the branching fractions and the electronic partial widths at the 90% confidence level are reported for these decays.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for ∆S = 2 nonleptonic hyperon decays Ω− → Σ0π− and Ω− → nK−

Abstract Using (27.12 ± 0.14) × 10 8 ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of$$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 3.686 GeV, we search for the first time for two nonleptonic hyperon decays that change strangeness by two units, Ω − → Σ 0 π − and Ω − →nK − . No significant signal is observed. The upper limits on their decay branching fractions are determined to be$$ \mathcal{B} $$ B (Ω − → Σ 0 π − )<5.4 × 10 −4 and$$ \mathcal{B} $$ B (Ω − →nK − )<2.4 × 10 −4 at the 90% confidence level.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of absolute branching fractions of $$ {\textrm{D}}_{\textrm{s}}^{+} $$ hadronic decays

Abstract Usinge + e − collision data collected at the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb −1 , we determine the absolute branching fractions of fifteen hadronic$$ {D}_s^{+} $$ D s + decays with a double-tag technique. In particular, we make precise measurements of the branching fractions$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}_s^{+}\to {K}^{+}{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}\right)=\left(5.49\pm 0.04\pm 0.07\right)\% $$ B D s + → K + K − π + = 5.49 ± 0.04 ± 0.07 % ,$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}_s^{+}\to {K}_S^0{K}^{+}\right)=\left(1.50\pm 0.01\pm 0.01\right)\% $$ B D s + → K S 0 K + = 1.50 ± 0.01 ± 0.01 % and$$ \mathcal{B}\left({D}_s^{+}\to {K}^{+}{K}^{-}{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^0\right)=\left(5.50\pm 0.05\pm 0.11\right)\% $$ B D s + → K + K − π + π 0 = 5.50 ± 0.05 ± 0.11 % , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic. TheCPasymmetries in these decays are also measured and all are found to be compatible with zero.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2023

N-particle irreducible actions for stochastic fluids

We construct one- and two-particle irreducible (1PI and 2PI) effective actions for the stochastic fluid dynamics of a conserved density undergoing diffusive motion. We compute the 1PI action in one-loop order and the 2PI action in two-loop approximation. We derive a set of Schwinger-Dyson equations and regularize the resulting equations using Pauli-Villars fields. We numerically solve the Schwinger-Dyson equations for a non-critical fluid. We find that higher-loop effects summed by the Schwinger-Dyson renormalize the non-linear coupling. We also find indications of a diffuson-cascade, the appearance of n-loop correction with smaller and smaller exponential suppression.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of e+e− → ωη′ cross sections at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 2.000 to 3.080 GeV

Abstract We measured the Born cross sections for the processe + e − →ωη′ at 22 center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We observed a resonant structure with a statistical significance of 9.6σ. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass to beM R = (2153±30±31) MeV/c 2 and its width to be Γ R = (167±77±7) MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Study of η′ → π+π−l+l− decays at BESIII

Abstract With a sample of (10087±44)×10 6 J/ψevents accumulated with the BESIII detector, we analyze the decaysη′→ π + π − l + l − (l=e, μ) via the processJ/ψ → γη′. The branching fractions are measured to be$$ \mathcal{B} $$ B (η′→ π + π − e + e − ) = (2.45±0.02(stat.)±0.08(syst.))×10 −3 and$$ \mathcal{B} $$ B (η′→ π + π − μ + μ − ) = (2.16±0.12(stat.)±0.06(syst.))×10 −5 , and the ratio is$$ \frac{\mathcal{B}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)}=113.4\pm 0.9\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 3.7\left(\textrm{syst}.\right) $$ B η ′ → π + π − e + e − B η ′ → π + π − μ + μ − = 113.4 ± 0.9 stat . ± 3.7 syst . . In addition, by combining theη′ →π + π − e + e − andη′ →π + π − μ + μ − decays, the slope parameter of the electromagnetic transition form factor is measured to beb η′ = 1.30 ± 0.19 (GeV/c 2 ) −2 , which is consistent with previous measurements from BESIII and theoretical predictions from the VMD model. The asymmetry in the angle between theπ + π − andl + l − decay planes, which has the potential to reveal theCP-violation originating from an unconventional electric dipole transition, is also investigated. The asymmetry parameters are determined to be$$ {\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}\right)=\left(-0.21\pm 0.73\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 0.01\left(\textrm{syst}.\right)\right)\% $$ A CP η ′ → π + π − e + e − = − 0.21 ± 0.73 stat . ± 0.01 syst . % and$$ {\mathcal{A}}_{CP}\left({\eta}^{\prime}\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-}{\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=\left(0.62\pm 4.71\left(\textrm{stat}.\right)\pm 0.08\left(\textrm{syst}.\right)\right)\% $$ A CP η ′ → π + π − μ + μ − = 0.62 ± 4.71 stat . ± 0.08 syst . % , implying that no evidence ofCP-violation is observed at the present statistics. Finally, an axion-like particle is searched for via the decayη′ →π + π − a, a→e + e − , and upper limits of the branching fractions are presented for the mass assumptions of the axion-like particle in the range of 0−500 MeV/c 2 .

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measurement of the cross sections of $$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.914 GeV

Abstract Usinge + e − collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies between 3.510 and 4.914 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25 fb −1 , we measure the Born cross sections for the process$$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ e + e − → K − Ξ ¯ + Λ / Σ 0 at thirty-five energy points with a partial-reconstruction strategy. By fitting the dressed cross sections of$$ {e}^{+}{e}^{-}\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ e + e − → K − Ξ ¯ + Λ / Σ 0 , evidence for$$ \psi (4160)\to {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda $$ ψ 4160 → K − Ξ ¯ + Λ is found for the first time with a significance of 4.4σ, including systematic uncertainties. No evidence for other possible resonances is found. In addition, the products of electronic partial width and branching fraction for all assumed resonances decaying into$$ {K}^{-}{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}\Lambda /{\Sigma}^0 $$ K − Ξ ¯ + Λ / Σ 0 are determined.

Physics↗