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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Exploring the Intersection of AI and Visualization in the Nuclear Industry

This presentation explores the impact of AI and visualization in advancing the nuclear industry by improving safety, operational efficiency, and decision-making processes. It highlights key applications such as real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and immersive training, while addressing challenges like data quality, regulatory hurdles, and the need for explainable AI. Additionally, the presentation outlines future directions, emphasizing the potential of AI-driven reactor design, advanced simulation tools, and ethical considerations to drive innovation and sustainability in nuclear operations.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Compression-based integral curve data reuse framework for flow visualization

Currently, by default, integral curves are repeatedly re-computed in different flow visualization applications, such as FTLE field computation, source-destination queries, etc., leading to unnecessary resource cost. We present a compression-based data reuse framework for integral curves, to greatly reduce their retrieval cost, especially in a resource-limited environment. In our design, a hierarchical and hybrid compression scheme is proposed to balance three objectives, including high compression ratio, controllable error, and low decompression cost. Specifically, we use and combine digitized curve sparse representation, floating-point data compression, and octree space partitioning to adaptively achieve the objectives. Results have shown that our data reuse framework could acquire tens of times acceleration in the resource-limited environment compared to on-the-fly particle tracing, and keep controllable information loss. Moreover, our method could provide fast integral curve retrieval for more complex data, such as unstructured mesh data.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

SynopFrame: Multiscale time-dependent visual abstraction framework for analyzing DNA nanotechnology simulations

We present an open-source framework, SynopFrame, that allows DNA nanotechnology (DNA-nano) experts to analyze and understand molecular dynamics simulation trajectories of their designs. We use a multiscale multi-dimensional abstraction space, connect the representations to a projected conformational space plot of the structure’s temporal sequence, and thus enable experts to analyze the dynamics of their structural designs and, specifically, failure cases of the assembly. In addition, our time-dependent abstraction representation allows the biologists, for the first time in a smooth and structurally clear way, to identify and observe temporal transitions of a DNA-nano design from one configuration to another, and to highlight important periods of the simulation for further analysis. We realize SynopFrame as a dashboard of the different synchronized 3D spatial and 2D schematic visual representations, with a color overlay to show essential properties such as the status of hydrogen bonds. The linking of the spatial, schematic, and abstract views ensures that users can effectively analyze the high-frequency motion. We also categorize the status of the hydrogen bonds into a new format to allow us to color-encode it and overlay it on the representations. To demonstrate the utility of SynopFrame, we describe example usage scenarios and report user feedback.

Abstraction space↗
DOE OSTI2024

Machine learning visualization tool for exploring parameterized hydrodynamics

We are interested in the computational study of shock hydrodynamics, i.e. problems involving compressible solids, liquids, and gases that undergo large deformation. These problems are dynamic and nonlinear and can exhibit complex instabilities. Due to advances in high performance computing it is possible to parameterize a hydrodynamic problem and perform a computational study yielding $\mathscr{O} (TB)$ of simulation state data. We present an interactive machine learning tool that can be used to compress, browse, and interpolate these large simulation datasets. This tool allows computational scientists and researchers to quickly visualize 'what-if' situations, perform sensitivity analyses, and optimize complex hydrodynamic experiments.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

ColorMoves: Real-time Interactive Colormap Construction for Scientific Visualization

This article presents ColorMoves, an interactive tool that promotes exploration of scientific data through artist-driven color methods in a unique and transformative way. Here, we discuss the power of contrast in scientific visualization, the design of the ColorMoves tool, and the tools application in several science domains.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Optimizing Scientist Time through In Situ Visualization and Analysis

In situ processing produces reduced size persistent representations of a simulations state while the simulation is running. The need for in situ visualization and data analysis is often described in terms of supercomputer size and performance in relation to available storage size.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

SigTime: Learning and Visually Explaining Time Series Signatures

Understanding and distinguishing temporal patterns in time series data is essential for scientific discovery and decision-making. For example, in biomedical research, uncovering meaningful patterns in physiological signals can improve diagnosis, risk assessment, and patient outcomes. However, existing methods for time series pattern discovery face major challenges, including high computational complexity, limited interpretability, and difficulty in capturing meaningful temporal structures. Here, to address these gaps, we introduce a novel learning framework that jointly trains two Transformer models using complementary time series representations: shapelet-based representations to capture localized temporal structures and traditional feature engineering to encode statistical properties. The learned shapelets serve as interpretable signatures that differentiate time series across classification labels. Additionally, we develop a visual analytics system—SigTime—with coordinated views to facilitate exploration of time series signatures from multiple perspectives, aiding in useful insights generation. We quantitatively evaluate our learning framework on eight publicly available datasets and one proprietary clinical dataset. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through two usage scenarios along with the domain experts: one involving public ECG data and the other focused on preterm labor analysis.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

T.Rex Visual Analytics for Transactional Exploration

T.Rex is PNNL's visual analytics tool that specializes in tabular structured data, like you might open with Excel. It's a client-server application, allowing the server to do a lot of the heavy lifting and the client to open spreadsheets with millions of rows. With datasets of that size, especially if you're unfamiliar with the contents, it's very hard to get a good grasp of what's in it using traditional tools. With T.Rex, the multiple views allow you to see categorical, temporal, numerical, relational, and summary data. The interactivity lets you look across your data and see how things relate to each other.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mechanochromic Palettes Based on Optical Rotation in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers for Visual Signalling

Mechanochromic photonic materials present promising prospects for enhancing diverse facets of human life. Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) present immediate mechanochromic properties, allowing their utility in various fields, including camouflages, textiles, and anticounterfeiting. Nonetheless, it is essential to provide differentiated color information corresponding to diverse types and degrees of deformation for practical use in real life. Herein, the mechanochromic responses of CLCEs are investigated using their optical rotation under compression and uniaxial stretching. The CLCEs exhibit the same reflection colors indistinguishable for compression and uniaxial stretching due to their contracted pitches. In contrast, the linearly polarized light passing through deformed CLCEs can be modulated by optical rotation, resulting in distinct transmission colors that can be discerned through mechanical deformations. A visual signaling system with color information derived from optical rotation is demonstrated. By comprehending and manipulating the mechanoresponsive behavior of CLCEs, these materials can be advanced into innovative solutions with enhanced functionality and performance, thereby broadening their applications for human life enhancement.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

eBits: Compact stream of mesh refinements for remote visualization

Here, we focus on applications where a remote client needs to visualize or process a complex, manifold triangle mesh, M , but only in a relatively small, user controlled, Region of Interest (RoI) at a time. The client first downloads a coarse base mesh , pre-computed on the server via a series of simplification passes on M , one per Level of Detail (LoD), each pass identifying an independent set of triangles, collapsing them, and, for each collapse, storing, in a Vertex Expansion Record (VER), the information needed to reverse the collapse. On each client initiated RoI modification request, the server pushes to the client a selected subset of these VERs, which, when decoded and applied to refine the mesh locally, ensure that the portion in the RoI is always at full resolution. The eBits approach proposed here offers state of the art compression ratios (using less than 2.5 bits per new full resolution RoI triangle when the RoI has more than 2000 vertices to transmit the connectivity for the selective refinements) and fine-grain control (allowing the user to adjust the RoI by small increments). The effectiveness of eBits results from several novel ideas and novel variations of previous solutions. We represent the VERs using persistent labels so that they can be applied in different orders within a given LoD. The server maintains a shadow copy of the client’s mesh. To avoid sending IDs identifying which vertices should be expanded, we either transmit, for each new vertex, a compact encoding of its death tag –the LoD at which it will be expanded if it lies in the Rol–or transmit vertex masks for the RoI and its neighboring vertices. We also propose a three-step simplification that reduces the overall transmission cost by increasing both the simplification effectiveness and the regularity of the valences in the resulting meshes.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Biomass-derived carbon dots as emerging visual platforms for fluorescent sensing

Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) are non-toxic and fluorescently stable, making them suitable for extensive application in fluorescence sensing. The use of cheap and renewable materials not only improves the utilization rate of waste resources, but it is also drawing increasing attention to and interest in the production of biomass-derived CDs. Visual fluorescence detection based on CDs is the focus of current research. This method offers high sensitivity and accuracy and can be used for rapid and accurate determination under complex conditions. Here, this paper describes the biomass precursors of CDs, including plants, animal remains and microorganisms. The factors affecting the use of CDs as fluorescent probes are also discussed, and a brief overview of enhancements made to the preparation process of CDs is provided. In addition, the application prospects and challenges related to biomass-derived CDs are demonstrated.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Diabatic visualization shows effects of micro-fins on evaporation of R410A: Smooth, axial micro-fin, and helical micro-fin tubes

A novel approach to visualize the flow boiling inside a clear micro-fin tube under diabatic conditions is presented. Transparent smooth, axial micro-fin, and helical micro-fin tubes are made by 3D printing. The 3D printed tube is placed inside a glass tube and heated by the transparent secondary fluid flowing between the two tubes for providing the evaporation conditions and transparency. R410A flow boiling and the flow patterns in the three geometries captured with a high speed camera are compared. The experimental results show that micro-fin geometry influences flow behavior. Bubbles are mainly generated in the groove region due to a higher superheat than the fin region. Some of the liquid refrigerant is trapped in the grooves of the upper part of the micro-fin tube when the slug flow is present, and bubbles are generated in this thin liquid layer. In addition, the bubbles in the helical micro-fin tube are easier to merge because of the obstacle of the fin geometry for the bubble flowing path. As the two bubble merge, the conversion of surface free energy causes the bubble to travel with a higher velocity.

3D printed↗
DOE OSTI2019

Real-time visualization of impact damage in monolithic silicon carbide and fibrous silicon carbide ceramic composite

Impact resistance from foreign debris is a critical requirement for brittle ceramic and ceramic composite materials intended for use in the hot-section of gas turbine engines. A design to mitigate against such impact failures necessitates a detailed understanding of the driving failure mechanisms. The present study introduces a unique time-resolved experimental method which advances the latter effort. Specifically, a pulsed synchrotron X-ray source, in phase contrast imaging (PCI) configuration, is used as a medium, to visually characterize the evolution of damage inside the target materials during impact. As a proof of concept, two types of ceramic materials were tested: monolithic silicon carbide and fibrous silicon carbide composite. Impact was performed using a light-gas gun and 1.5 mm diameter spheres of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). The retrieved dynamic X-ray image sequences provided clear outlines of the damage features. In the case of the monolithic ceramic, the impact by a PSZ projectile initially produced a cone crack and complete failure resulted by extension of a median crack. By contrast, the fibrous composite deformed readily prior to cone crack formation. Nearly identical damage features were observed in the monolith for the Si 3 N 4 projectile, with the exception of the added vertical tensile crack. For this same projectile, the fibrous ceramic showed very limited surface deformation and enhanced cone cracking and kinking of laminates along the crack path. The latter response is attributed to the change in projectile properties. Some of the target materials were recovered, and post-mortem analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed correlation with observed X-ray damage profiles. Furthermore, simple Hertzian contact was used to estimate damage for the elastic portion of impact. This approach was found to yield a reasonable match with experimental results for the surface displacement near the contact interface.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

An uncertainty visualization framework for large-scale cardiovascular flow simulations: A case study on aortic stenosis

We present a generalizable uncertainty quantification (UQ) and visualization framework for lattice Boltzmann method simulations of high Reynolds number vascular flows, demonstrated on a patient-specific stenosed aorta. The framework combines EasyVVUQ for parameter sampling with large-eddy simulation turbulence modeling in HemeLB, and executes ensembles on the Frontier exascale supercomputer. Spatially resolved metrics, including entropy and isosurface-crossing probability, are used to map uncertainty in pressure and wall shear stress fields directly onto vascular geometries. Two sources of model variability are examined: inlet peak velocity and the Smagorinsky constant. Inlet velocity variation produces high uncertainty downstream of the stenosis where turbulence develops, while upstream regions remain stable. Smagorinsky constant variation has little effect on the large-scale pressure field but increases WSS uncertainty in localized high-shear regions. In both cases, the stenotic throat manifests low entropy, indicative of robust identification of elevated WSS. By linking quantitative UQ measures to three-dimensional anatomy, the framework improves interpretability over conventional 1D UQ plots and supports clinically relevant decision-making, with broad applicability to vascular flow problems requiring both accuracy and spatial insight.

Hemodynamics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Neuroanatomical and cognitive correlates of visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: Voxel-based morphometry and neuropsychological meta-analysis

Visual hallucinations (VH) are common in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, two forms of Lewy body disease (LBD), but the neural substrates and mechanisms involved are still unclear. We conducted meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and neuropsychological studies investigating the neuroanatomical and cognitive correlates of VH in LBD. For VBM (12 studies), we used Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI), including statistical parametric maps for 50% of the studies. For neuropsychology (35 studies), we used MetaNSUE to consider non-statistically significant unreported effects. VH were associated with smaller grey matter volume in occipital, frontal, occipitotemporal, and parietal areas (peak Hedges' g -0.34 to -0.49). In patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia, VH were associated with lower verbal immediate memory performance (Hedges' g -0.52). Both results survived correction for multiple comparisons. Here, abnormalities in these brain regions might reflect dysfunctions in brain networks sustaining visuoperceptive, attention, and executive abilities, with the latter also being at the basis of poor immediate memory performance.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lighting and visual comfort performance of commercially available tubular daylight devices

Tubular daylight devices (TDDs) require a much smaller roof opening than conventional skylights and, because of their highly reflective tube, they can deliver daylight farther away from the building envelope. This can provide lighting energy savings, increasing resilience in new and existing buildings. Different types and configurations are available amongst commercially available TDDs, including domes/diffusers with varying optical properties and the diameter of the TDD. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the lighting and visual comfort performance of multiple configurations of commercially available TDDs, varying dome type (prismatic and clear), diffuser type (Fresnel and prismatic), and diameter (53 and 35 cm), under a range of environmental conditions (different times of day/year, sky cover). Based on illuminance measurements, estimated lighting energy use is also presented. Results indicate that, for clear sky, light levels increase and energy use decreases with solar altitude (e.g., 16 Wh/m 2 daily energy use intensity on a high maximum daily solar altitude (MDSA) day and 34 Wh/m 2 on a low MDSA day) and TDD diameter (e.g., 34 Wh/m 2 and 69 Wh/m 2 for 53 cm and 35 cm TDDs, respectively, for low MDSA). The daily illuminance profile is more rounded for prismatic domes and has higher peaks for clear domes; this translates into a somewhat higher average daily useful daylight illuminance (DUDI) for prismatic domes (86 %) when compared to clear domes (80 %). No clear impact of diffuser type was apparent. In conclusion, measurements indicated no discomfort glare for any of the conditions tested.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Flow visualization in high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Flow visualization is often essential for evaluating high-energy-density (HED) laboratory plasmas, examining their dynamics, and assessing design strategies. However, imaging at fine phenomenological flow scales is a major challenge. Here, a zone-plate–based radiography system tailored for applications in HED physics is demonstrated. The burst-mode radiography system combines a dual-flash laser-generated x-ray source, a high-magnification zone plate optic, and a multiple frame hybrid complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (hCMOS) sensor for image detection. Operating at a magnification of 42 x⁠, a pair of radiographs is measured in rapid succession, each time gated by a 4.75 keV flash of x rays lasting 100 ps. The system achieves a spatial resolution below 3 μm. The potential of this approach for applications in HED physics is exemplified by observing small-scale spike morphologies at a pusher-foam interface impacted by a strong, laser-driven blast wave.

Flow instabilities↗
DOE OSTI2019

Quench-Spot Detection for Superconducting Accelerator Cavities Via Flow Visualization in Superfluid Helium-4

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities, cooled by superfluid helium-4 (He II), are key components in modern particle accelerators. Quenches in SRF cavities caused by Joule heating from local surface defects can severely limit the maximum achievable accelerating field. Existing methods for quench-spot detection include temperature mapping and second-sound triangulation. These methods are useful but also have known limitations. Here we describe an alternative method for surface quench-spot detection by visualizing the heat transfer in He II via tracking He2 molecular tracer lines. A proof-of-concept experiment is conducted, in which a miniature heater mounted on a plate is pulsed on to simulate a surface quench spot. A He2 tracer line created nearby the heater deforms due to the counterflow heat transfer in He II. By analyzing the tracer-line deformation, we well reproduce the heater location within a few hundred microns, which clearly demonstrates the feasibility of this alternative technology. Our analysis also reveals that the heat content transported in He II is only a small fraction of the total input heat energy. We show that the remaining energy is essentially consumed in the formation of a cavitation zone near the heater. By estimating the size of this cavitation zone, we discuss how the existence of the cavitation zone may explain a decades-long puzzle observed in many past second-sound triangulation experiments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗