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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1980

Urban solar photovoltaics potential: An inventory and modelling study applied to the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles

Procedures for analyzing the potential of solar photovoltaic collectors to meet energy requirements in a metropolitan region are described and a modeling effort is applied to the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles. The procedure involves a series of steps designed to produce maps and tabulations revealing the amount of rooftop area available for establishing solar collectors and the proportion of energy requirement that could be potentially supplied by solar photovoltaics within each of the 533 mainline feeder service areas in the study area. For the sixty five square mile study area, the results showed that, with half the available flat and south facing roofs used and assuming the availability of energy storage, 52.7 percent of the actual kWh energy requirements could have been met in 1978 using photovoltaic collectors. Hourly, daily, weekly, and monthly fluctuations in potential supply and actual loads and recommendations of avenues for further research are discussed. Some further potential applications of the modeling technique are suggested.

Angelici, G. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Instrument scanning and controlling: Using eye movement data to understand pilot behavior and strategies

Eye movement data and other parameters including instrument readings, aircraft state and position variables, and control maneuvers were recorded while pilots flew ILS simulations in a B 737. The experiment itself employed seven airline pilots, each of whom flew approximately 40 approach/landing sequences. The simulator was equipped with a night visual scene but the scene was fogged out down to approximately 60 meters (200 ft). The instrument scanning appeared to follow aircraft parameters not physical position of instruments. One important implication of the results is: pilots look for categories or packets of information. Control inputs were tabulated according to throttle, wheel position, column, and pitch trim changes. Three seconds of eye movements before and after the control input were then obtained. Analysis of the eye movement data for the controlling periods showed clear patterns. The results suggest a set of miniscan patterns which are used according to the specific details of the situation. A model is developed which integrates scanning and controlling. Differentiations are made between monitoring and controlling scans.

Dick, A. O.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Scheduler software for tracking and data relay satellite system loading analysis: User manual and programmer guide

A user guide and programmer documentation is provided for a system of PRIME 400 minicomputer programs. The system was designed to support loading analyses on the Tracking Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). The system is a scheduler for various types of data relays (including tape recorder dumps and real time relays) from orbiting payloads to the TDRSS. Several model options are available to statistically generate data relay requirements. TDRSS time lines (representing resources available for scheduling) and payload/TDRSS acquisition and loss of sight time lines are input to the scheduler from disk. Tabulated output from the interactive system includes a summary of the scheduler activities over time intervals specified by the user and overall summary of scheduler input and output information. A history file, which records every event generated by the scheduler, is written to disk to allow further scheduling on remaining resources and to provide data for graphic displays or additional statistical analysis.

Craft, R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

New atlas of IR solar spectra

Over 4500 absorption lines have been marked on the spectra and the corresponding line positions tabulated. The associated absorbing telluric or solar species for more than 90% of these lines have been identified and only a fraction of the unidentified lines have peak absorptions greater than a few percent. The high resolution and the low Sun spectra greatly enhance the sensitivity limits for identification of trace constituents.

Goldman, A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Design study for electronic system for Jupiter Orbit Probe (JOP)

The conceptual design of the Jupiter probe spectrometer is presented. Block and circuit diagrams are presented along with tabulated parts lists. Problem areas are considered to be (1) the schedule, (2) weight limitations for the electronic systems, and (3) radiation hardness of the electronic devices.

Elero, B. P., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Atmospheric particulate analysis using angular light scattering

Using the light scattering matrix elements measured by a polar nephelometer, a procedure for estimating the characteristics of atmospheric particulates was developed. A theoretical library data set of scattering matrices derived from Mie theory was tabulated for a range of values of the size parameter and refractive index typical of atmospheric particles. Integration over the size parameter yielded the scattering matrix elements for a variety of hypothesized particulate size distributions. A least squares curve fitting technique was used to find a best fit from the library data for the experimental measurements. This was used as a first guess for a nonlinear iterative inversion of the size distributions. A real index of 1.50 and an imaginary index of -0.005 are representative of the smoothed inversion results for the near ground level atmospheric aerosol in Tucson.

Hansen, M. Z.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Pressure data for four analytically defined arrow wings in supersonic flow

In order to provide experimental data for comparison with newly developed finite difference methods for computing supersonic flows over aircraft configurations, wind tunnel tests were conducted on four arrow wing models. The models were machined under numeric control to precisely duplicate analytically defined shapes. They were heavily instrumented with pressure orifices at several cross sections ahead of and in the region where there is a gap between the body and the wing trailing edge. The test Mach numbers were 2.36, 2.96, and 4.63. Tabulated pressure data for the complete test series are presented along with selected oil flow photographs. Comparisons of some preliminary numerical results at zero angle of attack show good to excellent agreement with the experimental pressure distributions.

Townsend, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The effect of transverse shear in a cracked plate under skew-symmetric loading

The problem of an elastic plate containing a through crack and subjected to twisting moments or transverse shear loads is considered. By using a bending theory which allows the satisfaction of the boundary conditions on the crack surface regarding the normal and the twisting moments and the transverse shear load separately, it is found that the resulting asymptotic stress field around the crack tip becomes identical to that given by the elasticity solutions of the plane strain and antiplane shear problems. The problem is solved for uniformly distributed or concentrated twisting moment or transverse shear load and the normalized Mode II and Mode III stress-intensity factors are tabulated. The results also include the effect of the Poisson's ratio and material orthotropy for specially orthotropic materials on the stress-intensity factors.

Delale, F.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Flight through thunderstorm outflows

Computer simulation of aircraft landing through thunderstorm gust fronts is carried out. The 3 degree-of-freedom, nonlinear equations of aircraft motion for the longitudinal variables containing all two-dimensional wind shear terms are solved numerically. The gust front spatial wind field inputs are provided in the form of tabulated experimental data which are coupled with a computer table lookup routine to provide the required wind components and shear at any given position within an approximate 500 m x 1 km vertical plane. The aircraft is considered to enter the wind field at a specified position under trimmed conditions. Both fixed control and automatic control landings are simulated. Flight paths, as well as control inputs necessary to maintain specified trajectories, are presented and discussed for aircraft having characteristics of a DC-8, B-747, and a DHC-6.

Frost, W.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Equivalent statistical bandwidths of conventional low-pass filters

Values of the equivalent statistical bandwidths of Butterworth up to ten poles and Chebyshev up to eight poles low-pass filters for six different passband ripple levels have been computed and tabulated along with the corresponding noise bandwidths. The results obtained can be used for estimating the mean-square error resulting from power spectrum measurements employed in the sensitivity analysis of microwave radiometer systems.

Stanley, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A new atlas of infrared methane spectra between 1120 per cm and 1800 per cm

An atlas of 1339 methane absorption lines in the range 1120 to 1800 reciprocal centimeters, including the nu(4) and nu(2) bands, is presented. Laboratory spectra were obtained by a Nicolet Fourier transform Michelson interferometer with a resolution of approximately 0.06 reciprocal cm and a path length of 6.35 m of 0.98, 4.86 and 19.97 torr. Observed spectra are also compared with spectral intensities calculated line-by-line on the basis of tabulated intensities of the observed spectral lines.

Blatherwick, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Laminar boundary-layer flow of non-Newtonian fluid

A solution for the two-dimensional and axisymmetric laminar boundary-layer momentum equation of power-law non-Newtonian fluid is presented. The analysis makes use of the Merk-Chao series solution method originally devised for the flow of Newtonian fluid. The universal functions for the leading term in the series are tabulated for n from 0.2 to 2. Equations governing the universal functions associated with the second and the third terms are provided. The solution together with either Lighthill's formula or Chao's formula constitutes a simple yet general procedure for the calculation of wall shear and surface heat transfer rate. The theory was applied to flows over a circular cylinder and a sphere and the results compared with published data.

Lin, F. N.↗
NASA NTRS1980

A seasonal verification of the Suits spectral reflectance model for wheat

Variables that characterize wheat canopies for the Suits Model and spectral bidirectional reflectance measurements in the 450 to 1350 nm interval were determined approximately weekly throughout the growing season for two cultivars of wheat that achieved maximum leaf area index of 5.3 and 10.8. The Suits Model plant variables were tabulated and experimental reflectance measurements were compared with the model predictions in the wavelength interval from 500 to 1150 nm at 50 nm increments for 17 measurement dates. The seasonal average coefficient of determination, r squared, was 0.88 between the Suits spectral bidirectional reflectance model and field-measured reflectance data. Poorest agreement was found very early and very late in the growing season, possibly due to low green plant biomass and incomplete ground cover.

Lemaster, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

IUE low-dispersion spectra of four luminous stars in symmetric nebulae

The stars and nebulae are HD 56925 in NGC 2359, + 60 deg 2522 in NGC 7635, AG Car in its nebula, and 209 BAC in M1-67. A discussion of known properties of these systems precedes the IUE data, which are tabulated with types and identifications of significant line features and velocities of ultraviolet-displaced absorption features. Weaver et al.'s theory of the interaction of a stellar wind with the ambient interstellar medium is applied to the combined observational data. This gives a table of self-consistent values for stellar terminal wind velocity, rate of mass loss, and wind power; nebular mass, radius, expansion velocity, and age; also ambient interstellar density and mass swept up from the interstellar medium by the wind. The relatively infrequent occurrence of such symmetric nebulae around young, massive stars is possibly related to the short lifetimes of the nebulae in comparison with stellar evolution lifetimes.

Johnson, H. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Asteroid taxonomy and the distribution of the compositional types

Physical observations of minor planets documented in the TRIAD computer file are used to classify 752 objects into the broad compositional types C, S, M, E, R, and U (unclassifiable) according to the prescriptions adopted by Bowell et al. (1978). Diameters are computed from the photometric magnitude using radiometric and/or polarimetric data where available, or else from albedos characteristic of the indicated type. An analysis of the observational selection effects leads to tabulation of the actual number of asteroids, as a function of type and diameter, in each of 15 orbital element zones. For the whole main belt the population is 75% of type C, 15% of type S, and 10% of other types, with no belt-wide dependence of the mixing ratios on diameter. In some zones the logarithmic diameter-frequency relations are decidedly nonlinear. The relative frequency of S-type objects decreases smoothly outward through the main belt, with exponential scale length 0.5 AU. The rarer types show a more chaotic, but generally flatter, distribution over distance. Characteristic type distributions, contrasting with the background population, are found for the Eos, Koronis, Nysa and Themis families.

Zellner, B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Proper elements and family memberships of the asteroids

The proper elements tabulated are calculated according to the secular perturbation theory of Williams (1969); the free oscillations are referred to a zero value for the proper argument of perihelion. The secular theory for the planets is taken from Brouwer and van Woerkom (1950). Families with numbers smaller than 100 are reasonably close matches to families found by previous investigators. Families with numbers greater than 100 are new to this work. Guidelines for use of the table are given.

Williams, J. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Effects of angular-momentum-changing collisions on dielectronic satellite spectra

A generalization of the low-density corona-model theory of the intensities of satellite lines of the resonance lines emitted by multiply charged helium-like ions in the X-ray spectra of high-temperature plasmas is developed in order to take account of electron collisional transitions between close autoionizing levels. A formalism for determining the population densities of the autoionizing levels and the satellite line intensities is presented, and the quantum mechanical calculation of autoionization, radiative decay and electron-induced collisional transitions is discussed. Generalized emission rate coefficients corresponding to dielectronic recombination and inner-shell-electron collisional excitation are tabulated as functions of electron density and temperature. The procedure is then used to illustrate the effects of angular-momentum-changing electron collisions on the intensities of the satellites of the 1s2p 1P to 1s2 1S resonance line of the ions Al XII and Si XIII. It is concluded that the collisional transitions have their most significant effect on the intensities of satellite transitions from metastable autoionizing states, which may be useful in determining plasma densities.

Jacobs, V. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Stress intensity factors and COD in an orthotropic strip

The elasticity problem for an orthotropic strip or a beam with an internal or an edge crack under general loading conditions is considered. The numerical results are given for four basic loading conditions, namely, uniform tension, pure bending, three point bending, and concentrated surface shear loading. For the strip with an edge crack additional results regarding the crack opening displacements are obtained by using the plastic strip model. A critical quantity which is tabulated is the maximum compressive stress in the plane of the crack. It is shown that this stress may easily exceed the yield limit in compression and hence may severely limit the range of application of the plasticity results.

Kaya, A. C.↗