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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Pilot guidance and display considerations for energy efficient flight profiles

Two computer programs are applied to energy efficient flight operation in order to minimize aircraft operating costs. One algorithm (OPTIM) computes vertical flight profiles which optimize direct operating costs, including fuel and time costs, for an aircraft flying over a fixed range and with a fixed time-of-arrival. The second program (TRAGEN) simulates an aircraft steered to fly along a specified vertical flight trajectory, in order to examine fuel and cost penalties involved in flying nonoptimal trajectories. Constraints such as air traffic control procedures, and atmospheric and weight conditions are considered and supported by graphs and diagrams. The use of the algorithms as preflight planning tools is discussed, emphasizing OPTIM's future application for on-board energy management. Finally, research questions concerning pilot guidance and display considerations for advanced energy/flight management systems are addressed.

Samms, K. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A preliminary estimate of future communications traffic for the electric power system

Diverse new generator technologies using renewable energy, and to improve operational efficiency throughout the existing electric power systems are presented. A description of a model utility and the information transfer requirements imposed by incorporation of dispersed storage and generation technologies and implementation of more extensive energy management are estimated. An example of possible traffic for an assumed system, and an approach that can be applied to other systems, control configurations, or dispersed storage and generation penetrations is provided.

Barnett, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Reliable aerial thermography for energy conservation

A method for energy conservation, the aerial thermography survey, is discussed. It locates sources of energy losses and wasteful energy management practices. An operational map is presented for clear sky conditions. The map outlines the key environmental conditions conductive to obtaining reliable aerial thermography. The map is developed from defined visual and heat loss discrimination criteria which are quantized based on flat roof heat transfer calculations.

Jack, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Control law development for a close-coupled canard, relaxed static stability fighter

The performance benefits to be gained from relaxed static stability (RSS) are illustrated for M = 0.9 and M = 2.0 flight conditions. The longitudinal, directional, and lateral control system structure is developed. The effect of static margin, bandwidth, and canard-wing interaction on canard rate requirements is analyzed. Control and maneuver limiter functions are developed and implemented about all three axes; simulation results strikingly demonstrate the concomitant improvement in energy management and improved resistance to departure and spin.

Klein, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Space Shuttle Orbiter descent navigation

The entry operational sequence (OPS 3) begins approximately 2 hours prior to the deorbit maneuver and continues through atmospheric entry, terminal area energy management (TAEM), approach and landing, and rollout. During this flight phase, the navigation state vector is estimated by the Space Shuttle Orbiter onboard navigation system. This estimate is computed using a six-element sequential Kalman filter, which blends inertial measurement unit (IMU) delta-velocity data with external navaid data. The external navaids available to the filter are tactical air navigation (TACAN), barometric altimeter, and microwave scan beam landing system (MSBLS). Attention is given to the functional design of the Orbiter navigation system, the descent navigation sensors and measurement processing, predicted Kalman gains, correlation coefficients, and current flights navigation performance.

Montez, M. N.↗
NASA NTRS1984

STEP Experiment Requirements

A plan to develop a space technology experiments platform (STEP) was examined. NASA Langley Research Center held a STEP Experiment Requirements Workshop on June 29 and 30 and July 1, 1983, at which experiment proposers were invited to present more detailed information on their experiment concept and requirements. A feasibility and preliminary definition study was conducted and the preliminary definition of STEP capabilities and experiment concepts and expected requirements for support services are presented. The preliminary definition of STEP capabilities based on detailed review of potential experiment requirements is investigated. Topics discussed include: Shuttle on-orbit dynamics; effects of the space environment on damping materials; erectable beam experiment; technology for development of very large solar array deployers; thermal energy management process experiment; photovoltaic concentrater pointing dynamics and plasma interactions; vibration isolation technology; flight tests of a synthetic aperture radar antenna with use of STEP.

Brumfield, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Hybrid vehicle assessment. Phase 1: Petroleum savings analysis

The results of a comprehensive analysis of near term electric hybrid vehicles are presented, with emphasis on their potential to save significant amounts of petroleum on a national scale in the 1990s. Performance requirements and expected annual usage patterns of these vehicles are first modeled. The projected U.S. fleet composition is estimated, and conceptual hybrid vehicle designs are conceived and analyzed for petroleum use when driven in the expected annual patterns. These petroleum consumption estimates are then compared to similar estimates for projected 1990 conventional vehicles having the same performance and driven in the same patterns. Results are presented in the form of three utility functions and comparisons of sevral conceptual designs are made. The Hybrid Vehicle (HV) design and assessment techniques are discussed and a general method is explained for selecting the optimum energy management strategy for any vehicle mission battery combination. Conclusions and recommendations are presented, and development recommendations are identified.

Levin, R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Analysis of aircraft control strategies for microburst encounter

Analyses have indicated that improved control strategies could reduce the threat posed by the presence of microburst-type wind shear during aircraft takeoffs and landings. The attenuation of flight path response to microburst inputs by feedback control to elevators and throttle was studied for the cases of a jet transport and a general aviation aircraft, using longitudinal equations of motion, root locus analysis, Bode plots of altitude response to wind inputs, and nonlinear numerical simulation. Energy management relative to the airmass, a pitch-up response to the decreasing airspeed, increased phugoid mode damping, and decreased phugoid natural frequency, are found to improve microburst penetration aircraft behavior. Aircraft stall, and throttle saturation, are limiting factors in an aircraft's ability to maintain a given flight path during a microburst encounter.

Stengel, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Evaluation of the aerodynamic control of the Space Shuttle orbiter and tip-fin controllers

A feasibility study to assess the benefits/penalties of installing tip-fin controllers on the Space Shuttle orbiter has been conducted. The results from the aerodynamic and stability and control assessment of this study are presented. These results show that using tip-fin controllers with the centerline vertical tail removed provides adequate control for entry. The orbiter basic maneuvering capability is maintained, and symmetrical deflection of the controllers provides adequate speedbrake authority for energy management. Gust analyses of the orbiter with the tip-fin controller configuration have demonstrated no compromise of existing cross-wind landing capability. Six-degree-of-freedom simulations have shown the tip-fin controllers can provide adequate control for entry with no degradation in vehicle capability.

Powell, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Space Station technology planning

Technological requirements for Space Station design were discussed. The requirements are discussed in relation to the following areas: high voltage arrays; environmental interactions; energy management; power supplies; architecture; and modularity.

Smylie, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Energy efficient transport technology: Program summary and bibliography

The Energy Efficient Transport (EET) Program began in 1976 as an element of the NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) Program. The EET Program and the results of various applications of advanced aerodynamics and active controls technology (ACT) as applicable to future subsonic transport aircraft are discussed. Advanced aerodynamics research areas included high aspect ratio supercritical wings, winglets, advanced high lift devices, natural laminar flow airfoils, hybrid laminar flow control, nacelle aerodynamic and inertial loads, propulsion/airframe integration (e.g., long duct nacelles) and wing and empennage surface coatings. In depth analytical/trade studies, numerous wind tunnel tests, and several flight tests were conducted. Improved computational methodology was also developed. The active control functions considered were maneuver load control, gust load alleviation, flutter mode control, angle of attack limiting, and pitch augmented stability. Current and advanced active control laws were synthesized and alternative control system architectures were developed and analyzed. Integrated application and fly by wire implementation of the active control functions were design requirements in one major subprogram. Additional EET research included interdisciplinary technology applications, integrated energy management, handling qualities investigations, reliability calculations, and economic evaluations related to fuel savings and cost of ownership of the selected improvements.

Middleton, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Characteristics and Applications of Metal Hydrides

Report discusses engineering principles of uses of metal hydrides in spacecraft. Metal hydrides absorb, store, pump, compress, and expand hydrogen gas. Additionally, they release or absorb sizeable amounts of heat as they form and decompose - property adapted for thermal-energy management or for propulsion. Describes efforts to: Identify heat sources and sinks suitable for driving metal hydride thermal cycles in spacecraft; develop concepts for hydride subsystems employing available heating and cooling methods; and produce data base on estimated sizes, masses, and performances of hydride devices for spacecraft.

Egan, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Design and verification by nonlinear simulation of a Mach/CAS control law for the NASA TCV B737 aircraft

A Mach/CAS control system using an elevator was designed and developed for use on the NASA TCV B737 aircraft to support research in profile descent procedures and approach energy management. The system was designed using linear analysis techniques primarily. The results were confirmed and the system validated at additional flight conditions using a nonlinear 737 aircraft simulation. All design requirements were satisfied.

Bruce, Kevin R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Approach trajectory planning system for maximum concealment

A computer-simulation study was undertaken to investigate a maximum concealment guidance technique (pop-up maneuver), which military aircraft may use to capture a glide path from masked, low-altitude flight typical of terrain following/terrain avoidance flight enroute. The guidance system applied to this problem is the Fuel Conservative Guidance System. Previous studies using this system have concentrated on the saving of fuel in basically conventional land and ship-based operations. Because this system is based on energy-management concepts, it also has direct application to the pop-up approach which exploits aircraft performance. Although the algorithm was initially designed to reduce fuel consumption, the commanded deceleration is at its upper limit during the pop-up and, therefore, is a good approximation of a minimum-time solution. Using the model of a powered-lift aircraft, the results of the study demonstrated that guidance commands generated by the system are well within the capability of an automatic flight-control system. Results for several initial approach conditions are presented.

Warner, David N., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Spinoff, 1987

Various current or forthcoming NASA projects and experiments with potential for technology spinoff are described. NASA technological advances with existing commercial applications are outlined in the following areas: transportation; consumer; home; and recreation; medicine; resources management; energy; public safety; and manufacturing technology and industrial productivity. Specific systems, devices, and equipment are described. A concluding essay describes the NASA technology utilization/transfer effort.

Haggerty, James J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

The design and implementation of the Technical Facilities Controller (TFC) for the Goldstone deep space communications complex

The Technical Facilities Controller is a microprocessor-based energy management system that is to be implemented in the Deep Space Network facilities. This system is used in conjunction with facilities equipment at each of the complexes in the operation and maintenance of air-conditioning equipment, power generation equipment, power distribution equipment, and other primary facilities equipment. The implementation of the Technical Facilities Controller was completed at the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex and is now operational. The installation completed at the Goldstone Complex is described and the utilization of the Technical Facilities Controller is evaluated. The findings will be used in the decision to implement a similar system at the overseas complexes at Canberra, Australia, and Madrid, Spain.

Killian, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

A new linearized theory of laminar film condensation of two phase annular flow in a capillary pumped loop

Future large space based facilities, such as Space Station, will require energy management systems capable of transporting tens of kilowatts of heat over a hundred meters or more. This represents better than an order of magnitude improvement over current technology. Two-phase thermal systems are currently being developed to meet this challenge. Condensation heat transfer plays a very important role in this system. The present study attempts an analytic solution to the set of linearized partial differential equations. The axial velocity and temperature functions were found to be Bessel functions which have oscillatory behavior. This result agrees qualitatively with the experimental evidence from tests at both NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and elsewhere.

Hsu, Y. K.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Analyzing Distributed Processing For Electric Utilities

Distributed Processing Trade-Off Model for Electric Utility Operation computer program based upon study performed at California Institute of Technology for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Study presented technique addressing question of tradeoffs between expanding communications network or expanding capacity of distributed computers in energy-management systems (EMS) of electric utility. Gives EMS planners macroscopic tool for evaluation of architectures of distributed-processing systems and major technical and economic tradeoffs as well as interactions within systems.

Klein, Stanley A.↗