Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “ELASTICITY”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Elastic properties of silver borate glasses doped with praseodymium oxide

A series of glasses xPr{sub 6}O{sub 11−}(35−x) Ag{sub 2}O−65B{sub 2}O{sub 3} with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mol % were synthesized by melt quenching technique. Longitudinal and shear ultrasonic velocity were measured at 5 MHz frequency and at room temperature. Elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio and Debye temperature have been calculated from the measured density and ultrasonic velocity at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that the elastic constants depend upon the composition of the glasses. The role of the Pr{sub 6}O{sub 11} inside the glass network was discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

First principles study on electronic structure and elastic properties of LaCd and LaHg

Full -potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP- LAPW) has been used for the comparative study of electronic structure and elastic properties of CsCl-type LaCd and LaHg intermetallic compounds using generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The density of states at the Fermi Level, N (E{sub F}), is found to be 0.06 and 3.03 states/eV for LaCd and LaHg respectively. We report elastic constants for these compounds for the first time. The ductility/brittleness of these compounds has been analyzed using Pugh rule and Cauchy’s pressure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Improvement in elastic properties of CuAl{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 1.6}O{sub 4} spinel ferrite by rapid thermal cooling

The elastic properties of spinel ferrite composition, CuAl{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 1.6}O{sub 4}, quenched from final sintering temperature of 1373 K to liquid nitrogen temperature (∼ 80K) have been studied by means of X-ray powder diffractometry and pulse echo-overlap technique (9 MHz) at 300 K. The magnitude of elastic constants is found to enhance by 15% compared to slowly-cooled counterpart. The observed mechanical strengthening has been discussed in the light of compressive stress on the surface, with tensile stresses at interior regions and corresponding changes in structural parameters. The B{sub o}/G{sub o} ratio indicates the brittle nature of CuAl{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 1.6}O{sub 4}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Study of structural, electronic and elastic properties of RPd{sub 3} (R = Lu and Sc) compounds

The structural, electronic and elastic properties of nonmagnetic RPd{sub 3} (R = Lu and Sc) compounds, which crystallize in AuCu{sub 3}-type structure, are studied using first principles density functional theory based on full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The calculations are carried out within the PBE-GGA and WC-GGA for the exchange correlation potential. Our calculated ground state properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B) and its pressure derivative (B’) are in good agreement with the experimental results. We first time predict the elastic constants for these compounds using different approximations of GGA. These RPd{sup 3} compounds are found to be ductile in nature in accordance with Pugh’s criteria. The computed electronic band structures and density of states show metallic character of these compounds.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Precisely predicting and designing the elasticity of metallic glasses

We reveal that the elastic moduli of metallic glasses (MGs) invariably vary in a much steeper manner than that predicted by the conventional “rule of mixtures” in individual alloy systems. Such deviations are proved to originate fundamentally from their disordered atomic structures and intrinsic local heterogeneities. By treating the MGs as atomic-level dual phase hybrids, we further propose universal relations to be capable of precisely predicting and designing the elastic constants of MGs. This may contribute to the development of MGs with intended properties and behaviors, and allow new understandings on the structures and properties as well as their relationships in MGs.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Determination of elastic properties of a MnO{sub 2} coating by surface acoustic wave velocity dispersion analysis

MnO{sub 2} is a material of interest in the development of high energy-density batteries, specifically as a coating material for internal 3D structures, thus ensuring rapid energy deployment. Its electrochemical properties have been mapped extensively, but there are, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no records of the elastic properties of thin film MnO{sub 2}. Impulsive stimulated thermal scattering (ISTS), also known as the heterodyne diffraction or transient grating technique, was used to determine the Young's modulus (E) and porosity (ψ) of a 500 nm thick MnO{sub 2} coating on a Si(001) substrate. ISTS is an all optical method that is able to excite and detect surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on opaque samples. From the measured SAW velocity dispersion, the Young's modulus and porosity were determined to be E = 25 ± 1 GPa and ψ=42±1%, respectively. These values were confirmed by independent techniques and determined by a most-squares analysis of the carefully fitted SAW velocity dispersion. This study demonstrates the ability of the presented technique to determine the elastic parameters of a thin, porous film on an anisotropic substrate.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural, vibrational, and elastic properties of a calcium aluminosilicate glass from molecular dynamics simulations: The role of the potential

We study a calcium aluminosilicate glass of composition (SiO{sub 2}){sub 0.60}(Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}){sub 0.10}(CaO){sub 0.30} by means of molecular dynamics. To this end, we conduct parallel simulations, following a consistent methodology, but using three different potentials. Structural and elastic properties are analyzed and compared to available experimental data. This allows assessing the respective abilities of the potentials to produce a realistic glass. We report that, although all these potentials offer a reasonable glass structure, featuring tricluster oxygen atoms, their respective vibrational and elastic predictions differ. This allows us to draw some general conclusions about the crucial role, or otherwise, of the interaction potential in silicate systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Reversible elastic deformation of functionalized sp{sup 2} carbon at pressures of up to 33 GPa

We show that sp{sup 2} carbon bonded to silicon and oxygen can withstand reversible elastic deformation at pressures of up to 33 GPa. These experiments were carried out in a diamond anvil cell. In-situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to record the reversibility of elastic deformation by measuring the movement in the D and G peaks of carbon. Above 33 GPa the material, a silicon oxycarbide, transforms into an unidentified state which is retained upon unloading down to ambient pressure. Thermodynamical analysis suggests that the material could have transformed into a crystalline state at these ultrahigh pressures, driven by mechanical work.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural, elastic, electronic and phonon properties of SnX{sub 2}O{sub 4} (X=Mg, Zn, Cd) spinel from density functional theory

First-principle calculations of structural, electronic, elastic and phonon properties of SnMg{sub 2}O{sub 4}, SnZn{sub 2}O{sub 4} and SnCd{sub 2}O{sub 4} compounds are presented, using the pseudo-potential plane waves approach based on density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The computed ground state structural parameters, i.e. lattice constants, internal free parameter and bulk modulus are in good agreement with the available theoretical results. Our calculated elastic constants are indicative of stability of SnX{sub 2}O{sub 4} (X=Mg, Zn, Cd) compounds in the spinel structure. The partial density of states (PDOS) of these compounds is in good agreement with the earlier ab-initio calculations. The phonon dispersion relations were calculated using the direct method. Phonon dispersion results indicate that SnZn{sub 2}O{sub 4} is dynamically stable, while SnMg{sub 2}O{sub 4} and SnCd{sub 2}O{sub 4} are unstable.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Probing the elastic response of microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus in dry and aqueous environments through atomic force microscopy

With the re-emergence of microalgae as a replacement feedstock for petroleum-derived oils, researchers are working to understand its chemical and mechanical behavior. In this work, the mechanical properties of microalgae, Scenedesmus dimorphus, were investigated at the subcellular level to determine the elastic response of cells that were in an aqueous and dried state using nano-scale indentation through atomic force microscopy. The elastic modulus of single-celled S. dimorphus cells increased over tenfold from an aqueous state to a dried state, which allows us to better understand the biophysical response of microalgae to stress.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Elastic scattering and total reaction cross section for the {sup 6}He+{sup 58}Ni system

Elastic scattering measurements of {sup 6}He + {sup 58}Ni system have been performed at the laboratory energy of 21.7 MeV. The {sup 6}He secondary beam was produced by a transfer reaction {sup 9}Be ({sup 7}Li, {sup 6}He) and impinged on {sup 58}Ni and {sup 197}Au targets, using the Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility, RIBRAS, installed in the Pelletron Laboratory of the Institute of Physics of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The elastic angular distribution was obtained in the angular range from 15° to 80° in the center of mass frame. Optical model calculations have been performed using a hybrid potential to fit the experimental data. The total reaction cross section was derived.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Stress effects on the elastic properties of amorphous polymeric materials

Brillouin light scattering measurements have been used to study the stress induced modification in the elastic properties of two glass forming polymers: polybutadiene and epoxy-amine resin, prototypes of linear and network polymers, respectively. Following the usual thermodynamic path to the glass transition, polybutadiene has been studied as a function of temperature from the liquid well into the glassy phase. In the epoxy resin, the experiments took advantage of the system ability to reach the glass both via the chemical vitrification route, i.e., by increasing the number of covalent bonds among the constituent molecules, as well as via the physical thermal route, i.e., by decreasing the temperature. Independently from the particular way chosen to reach the glassy phase, the measurements reveal the signature of long range tensile stresses development in the glass. The stress presence modifies both the value of the sound velocities and their mutual relationship, so as to break the generalized Cauchy-like relation. In particular, when long range stresses, by improvise sample cracking, are released, the frequency of longitudinal acoustic modes increases more than 10% in polybutadiene and ∼4% in the epoxy resin. The data analysis suggests the presence of at least two different mechanisms acting on different length scales which strongly affect the overall elastic behaviour of the systems: (i) the development of tensile stress acting as a negative pressure and (ii) the development of anisotropy which increases its importance deeper and deeper in the glassy state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

The spectral expansion of the elasticity random field

We consider a deformable body that occupies a region D in the plane. In our model, the body’s elasticity tensor H(x) is the restriction to D of a second-order mean-square continuous random field. Under translation, the expected value and the correlation tensor of the field H(x) do not change. Under action of an arbitrary element k of the orthogonal group O(2), they transform according to the reducible orthogonal representation k ⟼ S{sup 2}(S{sup 2}(k)) of the above group. We find the spectral expansion of the correlation tensor R(x) of the elasticity field as well as the expansion of the field itself in terms of stochastic integrals with respect to a family of orthogonal scattered random measures.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Non-resonant elastic scattering of low-energy photons by atomic sodium confined in quantum plasmas

The non-resonant elastic scattering of low-energy photons by the bound valence electron in the ground state 3s of atomic sodium confined in quantum plasmas is investigated theoretically. The incident photon energy is assumed to be much smaller than the 3s-3p excitation energy. The alkali atom sodium is first formulated as an effective one-electron problem in which the attractive interaction between the valence electron and the atomic ion core is simulated by a spherically symmetric model potential. The Shukla-Eliasson oscillatory exponential cosine screened-Coulomb potential model is then used to mimic the effective two-body (valence-core) interaction within quantum plasmas. Non-relativistic calculations performed within the electric dipole approximation indicate that the non-resonant elastic photon scattering cross-section undergoes a dramatic growth by several orders of magnitude as the quantum wave number increases. A qualitative explanation of this phenomenon is presented. In the absence of the oscillatory cosine screening term, a similar growth is observed at larger values of the quantum wave number. Our computed relevant atomic data are in very good agreement with the experimental as well as the previous theoretical data for the zero-screening (free atom) case, and with the very limited, accurate theoretical results available for the case of exponential screened-Coulomb two-body interaction, without the cosine screening term.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Low energy elastic electron scattering from CF{sub 3}Br molecules

CF{sub 3}Br is a potentially valuable precursor molecule for generating beams of gas phase Br radicals suitable for electron collisions studies. However, the utility of CF{sub 3}Br for this purpose depends critically on the availability of sound scattering cross sections to allow the contribution of the precursor to be isolated within the total scattering signal. To this end, here we present elastic differential cross section (DCS) measurements for CF{sub 3}Br at incident energies between 15 and 50 eV. Comparison of these DCSs to those from the only other available experimental study [Sunohara et al., J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 1843 (2003)] and a Schwinger multichannel with pseudo potentials (SMCPPs) calculation [Bettega et al., J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 1263 (2003)] shows generally a very good accord. Integral elastic and momentum transfer cross sections, derived from our DCSs, are also found to be in quite good agreement with the SMCPP results.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Study of quasi-elastic scattering in the NOνA near detector prototype

NOvA is a 14 kTon long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently being installed in the NuMI off-axis neutrino beam produced at Fermilab. A 222 Ton prototype NOνA detector was built and operated in the neutrino beam for over a year to understand the response of the detector and its construction. Muon neutrino interaction data collected in this test are being analyzed to identify quasi-elastic charged-current interactions and measure the behavior of the quasi-elastic muon neutrino cross section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Computation of graphene elastic moduli at low temperature

Finding the values of parameters for the simplest Mie’s family potentials is performed in order to estimate elastic moduli of graphene monolayers using lattice statics approach. The coincidence criterion of the experimentally determined Poisson’s ratio with the estimated value is taken in order to select dimensionless power parameters of the Mie-type potential. It allowed obtaining more precise estimation of elastic properties in comparison with variety of other potentials for carbon atoms in graphene monolayer.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of nanostructuring on the elastic properties of aluminum alloy AMg6

We experimentally investigated the nanostructuring effect on the elastic properties of aluminum alloy AMg6 (Al–Mg–Mn system). The n-AMg6 nanostuctured specimens were prepared from a commercial polycrystalline alloy by refining and homogenizing a mixture of small chips of the alloy in a planetary mill. The resulting product consists of 200-500-micron agglomerates of nanoparticles with average nanoparticle size ∼ 40–60 nanometer according to the X-ray analysis. The compacted nanopowder was extruded at a temperature of 300°C with a reduction of cross-sectional area at least 4 times to 90 mm diameter. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the presence of the nanostructure with a grain size of ∼60 nanometers. For the experiments, nine parallelepiped shape specimens of 20×20×40 mm{sup 3} size were cut from the central and peripheral parts of the n-AMg6 rod. We measured of the second-order and third-order elastic coefficients of the obtained samples by ultrasonic method. The same measurements were made on specimens of the primary AMg6 alloy for comparison.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗