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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1983

Conductive flux in the chromosphere derived from line linear polarization observation

It is shown that quantitative information on the mechanisms of energy transport which take place in solar flares can be obtained by measurement of impact line polarization. Linear polarization in two chromospheric lines (H-alpha and SI 1437 A) observed in the gradual phase of solar flares was investigated. The polarized electric vector is shown to be directed towards the center of the disk. The relationship between conductive heat flux and linear line polarization is determined using a function which represents the velocity distribution of electrons carrying heat flux. The relationship between linear polarization and heat flux is applied to the observed degree of polarization, which yields the conductive heat flux in the high chromosphere. It is determined that this conductive flux is of the order of magnitude of the total radiation loss in the chromosphere and below, which is also of the order of magnitude of the conductive flux in the transition zone.

Henoux, J.-C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The thermal instability in a sheared magnetic field - Filament condensation with anisotropic heat conduction

The condensation-mode growth rate of the thermal instability in an empirically motivated sheared field is shown to depend upon the existence of perpendicular thermal conduction. This typically very small effect (perpendicular conductivity/parallel conductivity less than about 10 to the -10th for the solar corona) increases the spatial-derivative order of the compressible temperature-perturbation equation, and thereby eliminates the singularities which appear when perpendicular conductivity = 0. The resulting growth rate is less than 1.5 times the controlling constant-density radiation rate, and has a clear maximum at a cross-field length of order 100 times and a width of about 0.1 the magnetic shear scale for solar conditions. The profiles of the observable temperature and density perturbations are independent of the thermal conductivity, and thus agree with those found previously. An analytic solution to the short-wavelength incompressible case is also given.

Van Hoven, G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Thermal conductivity of boron carbides

Knowledge of the thermal conductivity of boron carbide is necessary to evaluate its potential for high-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion applications. Measurements have been conducted of the thermal diffusivity of hot-pressed boron carbide BxC samples as a function of composition (x in the range from 4 to 9), temperature (300-1700 K), and temperature cycling. These data, in concert with density and specific-heat data, yield the thermal conductivities of these materials. The results are discussed in terms of a structural model that has been previously advanced to explain the electronic transport data. Some novel mechanisms for thermal conduction are briefly discussed.

Wood, C.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Electrical conductivity of rocks at high pressures and temperatures

The results of studies of the electrical conductivity in the most widely distributed types of igneous rocks, at temperatures of up to 1200 C, at atmospheric pressure, and also at temperatures of up to 700 C and at pressures of up to 20,000 kg/sq cm are described. The figures of electrical conductivity, of activaation energy and of the preexponential coefficient are presented and the dependence of these parameters on the petrochemical parameters of the rocks are reviewed. The possible electrical conductivities for the depository, granite and basalt layers of the Earth's crust and of the upper mantle are presented, as well as the electrical conductivity distribution to the depth of 200 to 240 km for different geological structures.

Parkhomenko, E. I.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Electrical conductivity of carbonaceous chondrites and electric heating of meteorite parent bodies

The electrical conductivity of samples of the Murchison and Allende carbonaceous chondrites is 4 to 6 magnitudes greater than rock forming minerals such as Olivine up to 700 C. The remarkably high electrical conductivity of these meteorites is attributed to carbon at grain boundaries. The environment in the wake of the space station can be exploited to produce conditions which will allow pyrolysis of carbonaceous chondrites. An experimental package consisting of a one square meter shield attached to a 15 cm diameter by 40 cm long furnace and tied to a conductance bridge, furnace controller, and digital voltmeter inside the space station via umbilical cable could make the required measurements. Since heating rates as low as 0.1 C/hour are required to study kinetics of the pyrolysis reations which are the cause of the high conductivity of the carbonaceous chondrites, experimental times up to 3 months will be needed.

Duba, A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Thermal conductance of pressed brass contacts at liquid helium temperatures

An apparatus has been designed and fabricated which will measure the thermal conductance of pressed contacts at liquid helium temperatures as a function of applied force, with surface finish as a parameter. The apparatus is automated and was used to measure thermal conductance at temperatures from 1.5 to 6.5 K at applied forces up to 700 N for brass sample pairs having surface finishes from 0.1 to 1.6 micron rms. The experimental data were found to fit a simple power law where the thermal conductance is given by k = alpha T exp n, where k is the thermal conductance, T is the absolute temperature, and alpha and n are empirically determined constants.

Salerno, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Measurement uncertainty for the Uniform Engine Testing Program conducted at NASA Lewis Research Center

An uncertainty analysis was conducted to determine the bias and precision errors and total uncertainty of measured turbojet engine performance parameters. The engine tests were conducted as part of the Uniform Engine Test Program which was sponsored by the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD). With the same engines, support hardware, and instrumentation, performance parameters were measured twice, once during tests conducted in test cell number 3 and again during tests conducted in test cell number 4 of the NASA Lewis Propulsion Systems Laboratory. The analysis covers 15 engine parameters, including engine inlet airflow, engine net thrust, and engine specific fuel consumption measured at high rotor speed of 8875 rpm. Measurements were taken at three flight conditions defined by the following engine inlet pressure, engine inlet total temperature, and engine ram ratio: (1) 82.7 kPa, 288 K, 1.0, (2) 82.7 kPa, 288 K, 1.3, and (3) 20.7 kPa, 288 K, 1.3. In terms of bias, precision, and uncertainty magnitudes, there were no differences between most measurements made in test cells number 3 and 4. The magnitude of the errors increased for both test cells as engine pressure level decreased. Also, the level of the bias error was two to three times larger than that of the precision error.

Abdelwahab, Mahmood↗
NASA NTRS1988

Electrically-Conductive Polyaramid Cable And Fabric

Tows coated with metal provide strength and conductance. Cable suitable for use underwater made of electrically conductive tows of metal-coated polyaramid filaments surrounded by electrically insulating jacket. Conductive tows used to make conductive fabrics. Tension borne by metal-coated filaments, so upon release, entire cable springs back to nearly original length without damage.

Orban, Ralph F.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Corotation lag of Saturn's magnetosphere - Global ionospheric conductivities revisited

In view of the recent publication of Eviatar and Richardson (1986), who have calculated the Pedersen conductance of Saturn's ionosphere to be much smaller than previous estimates, the Pedersen conductance is recalculated using the same neutral atmosphere model as these authors. The results confirm the earlier estimates that the ionospheric Pedersen conductance of Saturn's ionosphere ranges from 0.3 to 17 mho near the terminator as a function of latitude. The source of discrepancy appears to be the inclusion by Eviatar and Richardson of ion density into the ion-neutral collision frequency term, which is incorrect. Contrary to the conclusion of Eviatar and Richardson, Saturn's ionospheric Pedersen conductance is high enough to impose nearly perfect corotation between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.

Cheng, Andrew F.↗
NASA NTRS1988

The synthesis of conducting polymers for corrosion prevention

The formation of an electrically conducting form of polyaniline by the oxidative polymerization of aniline was studied. Optimum yield and conductivities were obtained by treating aniline in 2 molar hydrochloric acid at 0 to 5 C with ammonium persulfate in 1.15 mole ratio. The yield was 37.6 percent of theory and the conductivity of the product was 10.5 S/cm. This material was formulated into epoxy and acrylic coatings which were also electrically conductive.

Mattson, Guy C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Simultaneous axial conduction in the fluid and the pipe wall for forced convective laminar flow with blowing and suction at the wall

Numerical solutions are reported for conjugate heat transfer in a porous pipe having an internal flow with blowing or suction at the inner surface of the pipe and constant heat flux at the outer surface. The effect of the simultaneous axial conduction through the wall and the fluid has been studied for the combined hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths. The results show that the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the pipe wall to the fluid and the thickness of the pipe wall may become significant factors on the heat transfer when the Peclet number is small, especially for the case when fluid is injected into the pipe. It is also shown that the effect of axial wall conduction for the case of constant heat flux at the outer wall surface can be neglected when the wall thickness is small and the ratio of the conductivities of the wall to the fluid approaches unity.

Faghri, Amir↗
NASA NTRS1987

Thermal diffusive conductivity of dilute superfluid (He-3)-(He-4) mixtures

A new technique is described for measuring the effective thermal conductivity of superfluid (He-3)-(He-4) mixtures. The results confirm the large departures from hydrodynamic theory reported previously. The analysis suggests that the measured conductivity is the finite thermal diffusive conductivity of superfluid helium in the absence of counterflow. This conductivity need not diverge in the limit of small He-3 concentration.

Chui, T. C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Thermal conductivity of metals

The objective is to familiarize students with steady and unsteady heat transfer by conduction and with the effect of thermal conductivity upon temperature distribution through a homogeneous substance. The elementary heat conduction experiment presented is designed for associate degree technology students in a simple manner to enhance their intuition and to clarify many confusing concepts such as temperature, thermal energy, thermal conductivity, heat, transient and steady flows. The equipment set is safe, small, portable (10 kg) and relatively cheap (about $1200): the electric hot plate 2 kg (4.4 lb) for $175: the 24 channel selector and Thermocouple Digital Readout (Trendicator) 4.5 kg (10 lb) for about $1000; the three metal specimens (each of 2.5 cm diameter and 11 cm length), base plate and the bucket all about 3 kg (7 lb) for about $25. The experiment may take from 60 to 70 minutes. Although the hot plate surface temperature could be set from 90 to 370 C (maximum of 750 watts) it is a good practice to work with temperatures of 180 to 200 C (about 400 watts). They may experiment in squads of 2, 3 or even 4, or the instructor may demonstrate it for the whole class.

Kazem, Sayyed M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Microwave conductivity of laser ablated YBaCuO superconducting films and its relation to microstrip transmission line

The discovery of high temperature superconductor oxides has raised the possibility of a new class of millimeter and microwave devices operating at temperatures considerably higher than liquid helium temperatures. Therefore, materials properties such as conductivity, current density, and sheet resistance as a function of temperature and frequency, possible anisotropies, moisture absorption, thermal expansion, and others, have to be well characterized and understood. The millimeter wave response was studied of laser ablated YBa2Cu3O(7-x)/LaAlO3 thin films as a function of temperature and frequency. In particular, the evaluation of their microwave conductivity was emphasized, since knowledge of this parameter provides a basis for the derivation of other relevant properties of these superconducting oxides, and for using them in the fabrication of actual passive circuits. The microwave conductivity for these films was measured at frequencies from 26.5 to 40.0 GHz, in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K. The values of the conductivity are obtained from the millimeter wave power transmitted through the films, using a two fluid model.

Bhasin, K. B.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Pure-oxygen radiative shocks with electron thermal conduction

Steady state radiative shock models in gas composed entirely of oxygen are calculated with the purpose of explaining observations of fast-moving knots in Cas A and other oxygen-rich SNRs. Models with electron thermal conduction differ significantly from models in which conduction is neglected. Conduction reduces postshock electron temperatures by a factor of 7-10 and flattens temperature gradients. The O III ion, whose forbidden emission usually dominates the observed spectra, is present over a wide range of shock velocities, from 100 to 170 km/s. The electron temperature in the O III forbidden line formation region is 30,000 K, in agreement with the 20,000 K derived from observations. All models with conduction have extensive warm (T above 4000 K) photoionization zones, which provides better agreement with observed optical O I line strengths.

Borkowski, Kazimierz J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Effect of metallic coatings on the thermal contact conductance of turned surfaces

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the degree to which the thermal contact conductance at the interface of contacting Aluminum 6061 T6 surfaces could be enhanced through the use of vapor-deposited metallic coatings. Three different coating materials (lead, tin, and indium) were evaluated using four different thicknesses for each coating material. The results verified the existence of an optimum coating thickness, shown to be in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 microns for indium, 1.5 to 2.5 microns for lead, and 0.2 to 0.5 microns for tin. The enhancement factors for thermal contact conductance were found to be on the order of 700, 400, and 50 percent, respectively. Based upon the experimental data, the hardness of the coating materials appears to be the most significant parameter in ranking the substrate and coating material combinations; however, additional experimental data are needed to substantiate this hypothesis. Finally, it was apparent that the thermal contact conductance enhancement effect was greatest at low contact pressures and decreased significantly with increases in the contact pressure.

Kang, T. K.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Effect of iron content on the electrical conductivity of perovskite and magnesiowuestite assemblages at lower mantle conditions

The electrical conductivity of (Mg/0.76/Fe/0.24/)SiO3 perovskite and of an assemblage of (Mg/0.89/Fe/0.11/)SiO3 perovskite + (Mg/0.70/Fe/0.30/)O magnesiowiestite was measured at pressures of 45-80 GPa and temperatures from 295 to 3600 K. The apparent activation energy for electrical conduction is 0.24 (+ or - 0.10) eV for the perovskite and 0.20 (+ or - 0.08) eV for the perovskite + magnesiowuestite assemblage. Comparing present results with those derived previously for Fe-poor samples, it is found that the electrical conductivities of both the silicate perovskite and the perovskite + magnesiowuestite assemblage depend strongly on iron content. Thus, the electrical conductivity distribution inside the earth could provide an important constraint in modeling the composition of the lower mantle.

Li, Xiaoyuan↗
NASA NTRS1991

Simulation of the inertial-conductive subrange

The inertial-conductive subrange spectrum of a passive temperature field of a fluid of small Prandtl number is determined by large-eddy simulation. Results for simulations of both freely decaying and forced turbulence are presented. In the simulations of freely decaying turbulence, a subgrid model is used to simulate a decaying turbulent velocity field with a k exp -5/3 inertial subrange energy spectrum convecting eight different decaying temperature fields with well-resolved conductive subranges. In the simulations of forced turbulence, a subgrid model is again used to simulate an inertial subrange velocity field; however, the velocity field is now forced at the lowest wave numbers of the simulation, and an external uniform mean temperature gradient is imposed. Statistically stationary velocity and temperature fluctuations are generated. The results of the decaying and forced simulations are in excellent agreement with the Batchelor et al. (1959) k exp -17/3 spectrum in the far inertial-conductive subrange, whereas significant departures from the Batchelor spectrum are observed in the near inertial-conductive subrange.

Chasnov, Jeffrey R.↗