G4beamline
G4beamline is a single-particle-tracking simulation code based on the Geant4 toolkit. It is specifically optimized for the realistic evaluation of beam lines. It is especially useful for evaluating future muon facilities.
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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QuickNXS
Data reduction software for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source's Magnetism Reflectometer beam line 4A, used to extract reflectivity, off-specular and GISANS scattering from raw data in NeXus file format. The package consists of a Python library for the extraction and a Qt4 based graphical user interface to work with the data.
Glavic, Artur Gregor↗
SNS shielding analyses overview
This paper gives an overview on on-going shielding analyses for Spallation Neutron Source. Presently, the most of the shielding work is concentrated on the beam lines and instrument enclosures to prepare for commissioning, save operation and adequate radiation background in the future. There is on-going work for the accelerator facility. This includes radiation-protection analyses for radiation monitors placement, designing shielding for additional facilities to test accelerator structures, redesigning some parts of the facility, and designing test facilities to the main accelerator structure for component testing. Neutronics analyses are required as well to support spent structure management, including waste characterisation analyses, choice of proper transport/storage package and shielding enhancement for the package if required.
Popova, Irina↗
First Results of $\nu_e$ Appearance Analysis and Electron Neutrino Identification at NOvA
NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment that is optimized for $\nu_\mu\to\nu_e$ measurements. It uses the upgraded NuMI beam from Fermilab and measures electron-neutrino appearance and muon-neutrino disappearance at its Far Detector in Ash River, Minnesota. The $\nu_e$ appearance analysis at NOvA aims to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy problem and to constrain the CP-violating phase. The first data set of $2.74\times10^{20}$ protons on target (POT) equivalent exposure taken by NOvA has been analyzed. The first measurement of electron-neutrino appearance in NOvA provides solid evidence of $\nu_\mu\to\nu_e$ oscillation with the NuMI beam line. Electron-neutrino identification is the key ingredient for the $\nu_e$ appearance analysis. The electron-identification algorithm used to produce the primary results presented here compares 3-D shower-energy profiles with Monte Carlo prototypes to construct likelihoods for each particle hypothesis. Particle likelihoods, among other event-topology variables, are used as inputs to an Artificial Neural Network for the final electron-neutrino identification. The design and implementation of this algorithm is also presented.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
MARS Tracking Simulations for the Mu2e Slow Extracted Proton Beam
Particle tracking taking into account interactions with fields and materials is necessary for proper evaluation of the resonant extraction losses and geometry optimization for the extraction beam line. This paper describes the tracking simulations for the Mu2e Resonant Extraction and discusses the geometry choices made based on these simulations.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
WEDGE ABSORBERS FOR MUON COOLING WITH A TEST BEAM AT MICE
Emittance exchange mediated by wedge absorbers is required for longitudinal ionization cooling and for final transverse emittance minimization for a muon collider. A wedge absorber within the MICE beam line could serve as a demonstration of the type of emittance exchange needed for 6-D cooling, including the configurations needed for muon colliders. Parameters for this test are explored in simulation and possible experimental configurations with simulated results are presented.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Baby MIND: A Magnetised Spectrometer for the WAGASCI Experiment
The WAGASCI experiment being built at the J-PARC neutrino beam line will measure the difference in cross sections from neutrinos interacting with a water and scintillator targets, in order to constrain neutrino cross sections, essential for the T2K neutrino oscillation measurements. A prototype Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector (MIND), called Baby MIND, is being constructed at CERN to act as a magnetic spectrometer behind the main WAGASCI target to be able to measure the charge and momentum of the outgoing muon from neutrino charged current interactions.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Recent Results of Electron-Neutrino Appearance Measurement at NOvA
NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment that is optimized for $\nu_e$ measurements. It uses the upgraded NuMI beam from Fermilab and measures electron-neutrino appearance and muon-neutrino disappearance at its Far Detector in Ash River, Minnesota. The $\nu_e$ appearance analysis at NOvA aims to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy problem and to constrain the CP-violating phase. The first measurement of electron-neutrino appearance in NOvA based on its first year's data was produced in 2015, providing solid evidence of $\nu_e$ oscillation with the NuMI beam line and some hints on mass-hierarchy and CP. This talk will discuss the second $\nu_e$ oscillation analysis at NOvA, which is based on 2 years of data.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Biological Small Angle Scattering: Techniques, Strategies and Tips
This book provides a clear, comprehensible and up-to-date description of how Small Angle Scattering (SAS) can help structural biology researchers. SAS is an efficient technique that offers structural information on how biological macromolecules behave in solution. SAS provides distinct and complementary data for integrative structural biology approaches in combination with other widely used probes, such as X-ray crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectrometry and Cryo-electron Microscopy. The development of brilliant synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beam lines has increased the number of researchers interested in solution scattering. SAS is especially useful for studying conformational changes in proteins, highly flexible proteins, and intrinsically disordered proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with neutron contrast variation is ideally suited for studying multi-component assemblies as well as membrane proteins that are stabilized in surfactant micelles or vesicles. SAS is also used for studying dynamic processes of protein fibrillation in amyloid diseases, and pharmaceutical drug delivery. The combination with size-exclusion chromatography further increases the range of SAS applications.The book is written by leading experts in solution SAS methodologies. The principles and theoretical background of various SAS techniques are included, along with practical aspects that range from sample preparation to data presentation for publication. Topics covered include techniques for improving data quality and analysis, as well as different scientific applications of SAS. With abundant illustrations and practical tips, we hope the clear explanations of the principles and the reviews on the latest progresses will serve as a guide through all aspects of biological solution SAS.The scope of this book is particularly relevant for structural biology researchers who are new to SAS. Advanced users of the technique will find it helpful for exploring the diversity of solution SAS methods and applications.
Chaudhuri, Barnali↗
TUNABLE IRRADIATION TESTBED
PNNL has developed and continues to develop innovative methods for characterizing irradiated materials from nuclear reactors and particle accelerators for various clients and collaborators around the world. The continued development of these methods, in addition to the ability to perform unique scientific investigations of the effects of radiation on materials could be greatly enhanced with easy access to irradiation facilities. A Tunable Irradiation Testbed with customized targets (a 30 MeV, 1mA cyclotron or similar coupled to a unique target system) is shown to provide a much more flexible and cost-effective source of irradiating particles than a test reactor or isotopic source. The configuration investigated was a single shielded building with multiple beam lines from a small, flexible, high flux irradiation source. Potential applications investigated were the characterization of radiation damage to materials applicable to advanced reactors, fusion reactor, legacy waste, (via neutron spectra tailored to HTGR, molten salt, LWR, LMR, fusion environments); 252Cf replacement; characterization of radiation damage to materials of interest to High Energy Physics to enable the neutrino program; and research into production of short lived isotopes for potential medical and other applications.
Wootan, David W.↗
Electron Beam Pattern Rotation as a Method of Tunable Bunch Train Generation
Transversely modulated electron beams can be formed in photo injectors via microlens array (MLA) UV laser shap- ing technique. Microlenses can be arranged in polygonal lattices, with resulting transverse electron beam modula- tion mimicking the lenses pattern. Conventionally, square MLAs are used for UV laser beam shaping, and generated electron beam patterns form square beamlet arrays. The MLA setup can be placed on a rotational mount, thereby rotating electron beam distribution. In combination with transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange (EEX) beam line, it allows to vary beamlets horizontal projection and tune electron bunch train. In this paper, we extend the technique to the case of different MLA lattice arrangements and explore the benefits of its rotational symmetries.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
A Study of Muon Collider Background Rejection Criteria in Silicon Vertex and Tracker Detectors
The hit response of silicon vertex and tracking detectors to muon collider beam background and results of a study of hit reducing techniques are presented. The background caused by decays of the 750 GeV/c m+ and m- beams was simulated using the MARS15 program, which included the infrastructure of the beam line elements near the detector and the 10 degree nozzles that shield the detector from this background. The ILCRoot framework, along with the Geant4 program, was used to simulate the hit response of the silicon vertex and tracker detectors to the muon decay background remaining after the shielding nozzles. The background hit reducing techniques include timing, energy deposition, and hit location correlation in the double layer geometry.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
TUNABLE IRRADIATION TESTBED
PNNL has developed and continues to develop innovative methods for characterizing irradiated materials from nuclear reactors and particle accelerators for various clients and collaborators around the world. The continued development of these methods, in addition to the ability to perform unique scientific investigations of the effects of radiation on materials could be greatly enhanced with easy access to irradiation facilities. A Tunable Irradiation Testbed with customized targets (a 30 MeV, 1mA cyclotron or similar coupled to a unique target system) is shown to provide a much more flexible and cost-effective source of irradiating particles than a test reactor or isotopic source. The configuration investigated was a single shielded building with multiple beam lines from a small, flexible, high flux irradiation source. Potential applications investigated were the characterization of radiation damage to materials applicable to advanced reactors, fusion reactor, legacy waste, (via neutron spectra tailored to HTGR, molten salt, LWR, LMR, fusion environments); 252Cf replacement; characterization of radiation damage to materials of interest to High Energy Physics to enable the neutrino program; and research into production of short lived isotopes for potential medical and other applications.
Wootan, David W.↗
Baby MIND detector first physics run
Baby MIND is a Magnetized Iron Neutrino Detector, serving as a downstream magnetized muon range detector for WAGASCI on the T2K beam line in Japan. The first physics run of Baby MIND together with other WAGASCI sub-detectors took place in the period from November 2019 to February 2020 (T2K run10), where a total of $4.8 \times 10^{20}$ Protons on target (POT) was delivered. Preliminary results showing Baby MIND data quality, detector performance and examples of neutrino interactions on iron during the first physics run are presented.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Diagnostic Use of Neutron-Sensitive Image Plates at ORNL Neutron Facilities
Neutron facilities at the ORNL provide a versatile suite of instruments to the neutron scattering community. Neutron-sensitive imaging plates are useful when characterizing neutron beamlines at the SNS and HFIR facilities. We describe a number of characterization, commissioning, and troubleshooting measurements in which we use neutron-sensitive image plates to better understand and improve instrument performance. We have used image plates to characterize neutron beams in many ways: to determine absolute beam size, assess transverse beam distribution, and to measure absolute intensity. During the initial radiation survey of the new US/Japan Cold Triple Axis instrument (CTAX), images of the beam footprint were taken multiple monochromator assembly angles. Images of the CTAX beam footprint showed a secondary beam spot, indicating a misalignment in the monochromator. Measurements at the Fine-Resolution Fermi Chopper Spectrometer (SEQUOIA) instrument for 400, 300, 250 and 120meV provide beam size and relative intensity. We frequently use image plates to verify sample alignment within a neutron beam prior to data acquisition. Finally, we measured the absolute intensity across a very large (20cm by 30cm) mono- chromatic beam with a combination of image plates and a conventional beam monitor on the Fundamental Physics beam line. While there are limitations to the data obtained from image plates, especially on pulsed sources, when combined with other tools, they can provide more depth to beamline analysis and development.
Geoghegan, Ceris↗
Experiment Simulation Configurations Approximating DUNE TDR
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment consisting of a high-power, broadband neutrino beam, a highly capable near detector located on site at Fermilab, in Batavia, Illinois, and a massive liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) far detector located at the 4850L of Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The long-baseline physics sensitivity calculations presented in the DUNE Physics TDR, and in a related physics paper, rely upon simulation of the neutrino beam line, simulation of neutrino interactions in the near and far detectors, fully automated event reconstruction and neutrino classification, and detailed implementation of systematic uncertainties. The purpose of this posting is to provide a simplified summary of the simulations that went into this analysis to the community, in order to facilitate phenomenological studies of long-baseline oscillation at DUNE. Simulated neutrino flux files and a GLoBES configuration describing the far detector reconstruction and selection performance are included as ancillary files to this posting. A simple analysis using these configurations in GLoBES produces sensitivity that is similar, but not identical, to the official DUNE sensitivity. DUNE welcomes those interested in performing phenomenological work as members of the collaboration, but also recognizes the benefit of making these configurations readily available to the wider community.
Abi, B↗
Science Federation Emulation Testbed: Demonstration of VFSIE Functionalities
The Virtual Federated Science Instrument Environment (VFSIE) is a digital twin of a federated infrastructure of multiple sites with science instruments and computing systems that are geographically dispersed. It emulates the federation using containers and virtual hosts (vhosts) connected over local and wide-area networks for the main purpose of supporting the development and testing of science workflows and software stacks, which will subsequently transition to the physical infrastructure. In this demo, we present VFSIE of a four sites scenario and illustrate the following use cases: (i) execution of federation stack components that expose resources to enable a science user to execute workflows, (ii) execution of remote control commands of beam-line instruments to collect measurements and position the sensor, and (iii) remote execution and access of Jupyter Notebook for tomographic image computations
Al Najjar, Anees↗
Status of the JLab Eta Factory (JEF) experiment
The JLab Eta Factory (JEF) experiment is designed to study various decays of the ? meson using the GlueX detector in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The experimental program includes measuring the Dalitz distribution from ???+???0 to determine the up/down quark mass difference, looking for evidence for new C-violating/P-conserving physics, providing input to higher-order chiral perturbation theory calculations, and searching for evidence of dark matter. The latter two items rely on measuring the rare ???0?? decay mode that will require an upgrade to the existing GlueX equipment, which is a fixed target apparatus based on a 2-Tesla solenoid magnet. Charged tracks are reconstructed using drift chambers within the magnet and neutral particles are detected in the forward direction in the Forward Calorimeter (FCAL), an array of lead glass blocks. The JEF program calls for replacing the ?80×80 cm2 region of the FCAL around the beam line with an array of 2×2×20 cm3 lead tungstate crystals. The status of this upgrade will be presented.
Taylor, Simon↗