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At least 757 records · Page 42
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2009

Splanchnic Compression Improves the Efficacy of Compression Stockings to Prevent Orthostatic Intolerance

Purpose: Post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance (OI) is observed in 20-30% of astronauts. Previous data from our laboratory suggests that this is largely a result of decreased venous return. Currently, NASA astronauts wear an anti-gravity suit (AGS) which consists of inflatable air bladders over the calves, thighs and abdomen, typically pressurized from 26 to 78 mmHg. We recently determined that, thigh-high graded compression stockings (JOBST , 55 mmHg at ankle, 6 mmHg at top of thigh) were effective, though to a lesser degree than the AGS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of splanchnic compression to prevent orthostatic intolerance. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (6M, 4F) participated in three 80 head-up tilts on separate days while (1) normovolemic (2) hypovolemic w/ breast-high compression stockings (BS)(JOBST(R), 55 mmHg at the ankle, 6 mmHg at top of thigh, 12 mmHg over abdomen) (3) hypovolemic w/o stockings. Hypovolemia was induced by IV infusion of furosemide (0.5 mg/kg) and 48 hrs of a low salt diet to simulate plasma volume loss following space flight. Hypovolemic testing occurred 24 and 48 hrs after furosemide. One-way repeated measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni corrections, was used to test for differences in blood pressure and heart rate responses to head-up tilt, stand times were compared using a Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis. Results: BS were effective in preventing OI and presyncope in hypovolemic test subjects ( p = 0.015). BS prevented the decrease in systolic blood pressure seen during tilt in normovolemia (p < 0.001) and hypovolemia w/o countermeasure (p = 0.005). BS also prevented the decrease in diastolic blood pressure seen during tilt in normovolemia (p = 0.006) and hypovolemia w/o countermeasure (p = 0.041). Hypovolemia w/o countermeasure showed a higher tilt-induced heart rate increase (p = 0.022) than seen in normovolemia; heart rate while wearing BS was not different than normovolemia (p = 0.353). Conclusion: BS may be an effective countermeasure to post-space flight OI. The addition of splanchnic compression is more effective than the previous thigh-high garments. These stockings are readily available, inexpensive, and can be worn for days following landing as astronauts re-adapt to Earth gravity.

Platts, Steven H.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Intracranial Effects of Artificial Gravity: A 3T MRI Study

INTRODUCTION Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is characterized by the development of optic disc edema, posterior globe flattening, choroidal/retinal folds and hyperopic refractive errors1. SANS is hypothesized to be a result of headward fluid shifts that invariably occurs in the microgravity environment. As a countermeasure, artificial gravity (AG) through centrifugation has been proposed to reduce this headward fluid shift, however there is no current proof of benefit. The goal of this study was to determine if the application of AG can prevent or reduce known changes in brain volumetry, internal carotid artery (ICA) stroke volume and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow velocity that occurs during simulated chronic headward fluid shift using head down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) methodology2 as an indicator of countermeasure efficacy. METHODS Healthy volunteers were recruited for an IRB approved HDTBR study performed at the German Aerospace Center in Cologne, Germany. Strict six-degree HDTBR was used as a spaceflight analog to induce a continuous headward fluid shift. HDTBR was carried out for 60 days for all subjects. Short-arm centrifugation was utilized to generate AG equating to ~0.3g of acceleration at the level of the eye. The subjects were divided equally into three groups: NoAG (control; n=8), daily intermittent AG (6 x 5 min iAG; n=8), and daily continuous 30 min (cAG; n=8). All studies were performed on a single dedicated 3T MRI Scanner. Pulse-gated MRI phase-contrast flow imaging was used to quantify ICA stroke volume and peak-to-peak CSF flow velocity in the mid cerebral aqueduct. 3D-SPGR was acquired for volumetric segmentation of the brain and CSF spaces. MRI acquisitions were obtained at baseline (BDC), 14 days into HDTBR (HDTBR14), 52 days into HDTBR (HDTBR52) and 3-5 days after HDTBR (recovery, R+3/5).The data were analyzed by the mixed model, which included intervention and time (BDC, HDTBR 14, HDTBR 52, R+3/5) as the fixed effects and included subject as the random effect.RESULTS24 healthy subject volunteers (16 men, 8 women, mean age = 33 years ± 9 [standard deviation] and mean BMI = 24.3 kg/m2 ± 2.0) successfully completed all phases of the study. Strict six-degree HDTBR was characterized by progressive and statistically significant (p<.01) increases in mean combined brain and CSF volumes and mean aqueductal CSF peak-to-peak flow velocity, as well as statistically significant (p<.01) progressive decrease in mean ICA stroke volume from baseline to 52 days post intervention (Figs. 1-3). Compared to baseline, only combined brain and CSF volumes did not return to baseline values in the recovery period (p=NS). Neither iAG nor cAG exerted any significant effects on the measured MRI brain parameters as compared to HDTBR alone (p=NS). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HDTBR at 6-degrees was effective in producing alterations in ICA stroke volume, aqueductal CSF flow velocity, and combined brain and CSF volumetric change that is associated with chronic headward fluid shift. Short duration, 30-min daily exposure to either iAG or cAG appears to be insufficient in preventing or reducing the effects of chronic HDTBR and thus may not be a suitable countermeasure as currently deployed. AG protocol modifications, including increased duration and magnitude of exposure, should be considered for future research.

L A Kramer↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on TlAgPSe3 by Materials Project

AgTlPSe3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Tl1+ and four Se2- atoms. The Ag–Tl bond length is 3.43 Å. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.78 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Se bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.79 Å. There are two inequivalent Tl1+ sites. In the first Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and nine Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Se bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.87 Å. In the second Tl1+ site, Tl1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Tl–Se bond distances ranging from 3.31–3.94 Å. There are two inequivalent P4+ sites. In the first P4+ site, P4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Se2- atoms. There are a spread of P–Se bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.27 Å. In the second P4+ site, P4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Se2- atoms. There are a spread of P–Se bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.23 Å. There are six inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, four Tl1+, and one P4+ atom. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag1+, two Tl1+, and one P4+ atom. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+, two equivalent Tl1+, and one P4+ atom. In the fourth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+, three equivalent Tl1+, and one P4+ atom. In the fifth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Tl1+ and one P4+ atom. In the sixth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, four Tl1+, and one P4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Al11AgO17 by Materials Project

AgAl11O17 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ama2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.77 Å) and four longer (3.09 Å) Ag–O bond lengths. There are five inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with five AlO4 tetrahedra and edges with five AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–2.06 Å. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six AlO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 55°. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.69–1.80 Å. In the third Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing AlO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–58°. There is three shorter (1.82 Å) and one longer (1.83 Å) Al–O bond length. In the fourth Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra and edges with six AlO6 octahedra. There is four shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.92 Å) Al–O bond length. In the fifth Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form AlO6 octahedra that share corners with five AlO4 tetrahedra and edges with five AlO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–2.05 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Al3+ atoms. The O–Al bond length is 2.06 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Al3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+ and three Al3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Ag1+ and two equivalent Al3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Al3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and three Al3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Al3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Al3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1981

X-ray detection of the symbiotic star AG Draconis

The detection of the yellow symbiotic star AG Draconis is reported. The star was detected by an imaging proportional counter at a count rate of 0.27 counts/s. The object is an intense source of very soft X-rays, and the X-ray luminosity is estimated to be equal to approximately 10 to the 32nd ergs/s, with a temperature of less than 2,000,000 K. If an interstellar column density of 3 x 10 to the 20th/sq cm is assumed, the emission measure is deduced to be greater than 3 x 10 to the 55th/ cu cm from the X-ray data, and less than 3 x 10 to the 59th/cu cm from the optical data. The observation is discussed in the context of various models of the symbiotic stars.

Anderson, C. M.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Co3Ag2P3HO12 by Materials Project

Co3Ag2P3HO12 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Co2+ sites. In the first Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with four CoO6 octahedra and corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–63°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.15 Å. In the second Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 60–63°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.20 Å. In the third Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form CoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CoO6 octahedra, corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–63°. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.27 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.71 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.51 Å. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CoO6 octahedra and an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–54°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.62 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CoO6 octahedra and an edgeedge with one CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.59 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six CoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.59 Å. H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) H–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Co2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Co2+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Co2+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Co2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Screen printable copper pastes for silicon solar cells

The current work demonstrates the successful metallization of a PERC silicon solar cell with screen-printable copper (Cu) paste that is sintered at elevated temperature in air atmosphere. The existing state of the art in Silicon (Si) solar cell metallization is silver (Ag) paste; Cu cost is 1/100th the cost of Ag and has a comparable conductivity. However, Cu undergoes rapid oxidation at elevated temperatures and the high diffusion of Cu into Si restricts its usage in the metallization of silicon solar cells. In this paper, a Cu paste containing a proprietary mixture of antioxidant additives and diffusion inhibitors was used to make front gridlines on PERC cells. The Cu-printed cells were fired in an IR belt furnace with a peak temperature of 576°C in air atmosphere. The solar cells discussed here reached an efficiency of 19%, which is 88% of the efficiency measured for a commercial Ag-printed cell. The working devices were further characterized using STEM, EDX, ToF-SIMS and long-term suns-V oc studies demonstrating an absence of Cu diffusion. Furthermore, thermally stressing the Cu-printed solar cells yielded a reduction of less than 1.9% of the initial pseudo fill factor (pFF) after 1000 hours at 200°C. Here, the shunt resistance of cells monitored over 3 years remained within 2.5% of its initial value, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the Cu diffusion barrier.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsNb4Ag(PS10)2 by Materials Project

CsNb4Ag(PS10)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to nine S+1.60- atoms. There are a spread of Cs–S bond distances ranging from 3.81–4.22 Å. There are four inequivalent Nb5+ sites. In the first Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to eight S+1.60- atoms to form distorted NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one PS4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Nb–S bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.63 Å. In the second Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to eight S+1.60- atoms to form distorted NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one PS4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Nb–S bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.63 Å. In the third Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to eight S+1.60- atoms to form distorted NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one PS4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Nb–S bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.65 Å. In the fourth Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to eight S+1.60- atoms to form distorted NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids that share an edgeedge with one PS4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Nb–S bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.65 Å. Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two S+1.60- atoms. Both Ag–S bond lengths are 2.44 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four S+1.60- atoms to form PS4 tetrahedra that share edges with two NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of P–S bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.09 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four S+1.60- atoms to form PS4 tetrahedra that share edges with two NbS8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of P–S bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.09 Å. There are twenty inequivalent S+1.60- sites. In the first S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Ag1+ and one P5+ atom. In the second S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the third S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.03 Å. In the fourth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.03 Å. In the fifth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.05 Å. In the sixth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.05 Å. In the seventh S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Nb5+, and one S+1.60- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.03 Å. In the eighth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Nb5+, and one S+1.60- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.04 Å. In the ninth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. In the tenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. In the eleventh S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Cs1+, one Nb5+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Nb5+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifteenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Cs1+, one Nb5+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Cs1+, one Nb5+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventeenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Nb5+, and one S+1.60- atom. In the eighteenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one S+1.60- atom. In the nineteenth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Nb5+, and one S+1.60- atom. In the twentieth S+1.60- site, S+1.60- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Cs1+, two Nb5+, and one S+1.60- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Visualizing the Distribution of Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals at the Atomic Scale: Insights From Atom Probe Tomography on Fayalite

Olivine is an important reservoir for hydrogen in the Earth’s upper mantle, and the presence of OH in this nominally anhydrous mineral can play an important role in determining the physical properties of the host phase. Here we report on the 3-D distribution of the hydrated region at atomic scale in fayalite using atom probe tomography. Site-specific analysis reveals regions that are either compositionally homogenous or contain interlayers that are consistent with hydrated dislocations. Elemental distributions of the minor elements within the hydrated interlayers show enrichment of Na, indicating the formation of equilibrium environment is associated with Na geochemically, as well as depletion of Mn and Mg, the result of incompatibility of OH. This direct observation of hydrated region distribution in 3-D at the nanometer scale, can provide insight into the material properties of these nominally anhydrous minerals and possible rheology of upper mantle minerals and geodynamics.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on InAgP2O7 by Materials Project

AgInP2O7 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ag1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–3.07 Å. In3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form InO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of In–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.20 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent InO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–52°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.62 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent InO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–54°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.63 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one In3+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag1+, one In3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one In3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one In3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+, one In3+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one In3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

BT23 Updates for Med $70

BT23 update using the 2025 baseline and starting results in 2024 for Med $70 with updated budgets. Cost updates include: 1) Increased the nitrogen application for the following crops: willow, camelina, carinata, pennycress, and willow. 2) Removed roundup during establishment for the following crops: camelina. 3) Harvest costs were updated because the combine width was adjusted. This affected the following crops: barley, camelina, carinata, corn, oat, pennycress, rice, sorghum, soybean, and wheat. 4) Harvest cost was updated with biomass sorghum because an additional tractor was added to pull the high dump forage wagon, and the wagon width was adjusted to not constrain the harvest operation with the combine. 5) Added poplar in the ag budget database for regions 1 and 13.

agricultural crop↗
NASA NTRS1996

Momentum Transfer Studies and Studies of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Metal Colloids and Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Phase 1 of this work involved design work on a momentum transfer device. The progress on design and testing will be presented. Phase 2 involved the systematic study of the MPD thruster for dual uses. Though it was designed as a thruster for space vehicles, the characteristics of the plasma make it an excellent candidate for industrial applications. This project sought to characterize the system for use in materials processing and characterization. The surface modification on ZnCdTe, CdTe, and ZnTe will be presented. Phase 3 involved metal colloids and semiconductor quantum dots. One aspect of this project involves a collaborative effort with the Solid State Division of ORNL. The thrust behind this research is to develop ion implantation for synthesizing novel materials (quantum dots wires and wells, and metal colloids) for applications in all optical switching devices, up conversion, and the synthesis of novel refractory materials. The ions of interest are Au, Ag, Cd, Se, In, P, Sb, Ga, and As. The specific materials of interest are: CdSe, CdTe, InAs, GaAs, InP, GaP, InSb, GaSb, and InGaAs. A second aspect of this research program involves using porous glass (25-200 A) for fabricating materials of finite size. The results of some of this work will also be reported.

Collins, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Fibroma induction in rat skin following single or multiple doses of 1.0 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions from the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)

Rat skin was exposed to the plateau region of the 1.0 GeV/nucleon 56Fe beam at the Brookhaven AGS. Rats were irradiated or not with single of split doses of 56Fe or argon; some 56Fe-exposed rats were fed 250 ppm retinyl acetate continuously in the lab chow beginning 1 week before irradiation. All lesions were noted, photographed and identified for eventual histological diagnosis. The preponderance of the tumors so far are fibromas. The data show that single doses of 56Fe ions are 2 or 3 fold more effective than argon in producing tumors at 4.5 Gy but are about equally effective at 3.0 Gy and 9.0 Gy. The presence of 250 ppm retinyl acetate in the lab chow reduced the incidence of tumors by about 50-60% in comparison to groups exposed only to the radiation. These are preliminary findings based on only about one-fourth the eventual number of tumors expected.

NASA Discipline Radiation Health↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MnAgPO4 by Materials Project

MnAgPO4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Mn2+ sites. In the first Mn2+ site, Mn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted MnO6 octahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.43 Å. In the second Mn2+ site, Mn2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted MnO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra and corners with five PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–86°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.22 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.76 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–3.02 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent MnO5 trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–59°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.58 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MnO6 octahedra and corners with three equivalent MnO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mn2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Mn2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mn2+, two Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Mn2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mn2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mn2+, one Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Mn2+, two Ag1+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Mn2+, two equivalent Ag1+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nb4AgBi5O18 by Materials Project

Bi5AgNb4O18 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nb5+ sites. In the first Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing NbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–34°. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.23 Å. In the second Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing NbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–34°. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.19 Å. Ag1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.76 Å. There are three inequivalent Bi3+ sites. In the first Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.72 Å. In the second Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.62 Å. In the third Bi3+ site, Bi3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.57 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Nb5+ and two Bi3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Nb5+ and two Bi3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+, one Ag1+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Nb5+, one Ag1+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb5+, one Ag1+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Nb5+, one Ag1+, and one Bi3+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and one Bi3+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Nb5+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OBi4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu3Ag5(PO4)4 by Materials Project

Ag5Cu3(PO4)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.43–3.09 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–3.04 Å. In the third Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.90 Å. There are two inequivalent Cu+2.33+ sites. In the first Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (2.08 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. In the second Cu+2.33+ site, Cu+2.33+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form CuO5 square pyramids that share corners with five PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.25 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent CuO5 square pyramids. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.58 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent CuO5 square pyramids. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.59 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+, one Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Ag1+, one Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Ag1+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+, two Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+, one Cu+2.33+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Ag1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuAg2(NO3)4 by Materials Project

Ag2Cu(NO3)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.97 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.96 Å. There are two inequivalent Cu2+ sites. In the first Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (1.99 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. In the second Cu2+ site, Cu2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. All Cu–O bond lengths are 2.01 Å. There are four inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.30 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.32 Å. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.31 Å. In the fourth N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.32 Å) N–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one Cu2+, and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ag1+, one Cu2+, and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one Cu2+, and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+, one Cu2+, and one N5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and one N5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ag1+ and one N5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nb4Ag2O11 by Materials Project

Ag2Nb4O11 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Nb5+ sites. In the first Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.50 Å. In the second Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.51 Å. In the third Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing NbO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–47°. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.33 Å. In the fourth Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing NbO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.16 Å. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.57–2.89 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.59–2.94 Å. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to three Nb5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Nb5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Nb5+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Nb5+ and one Ag1+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Nb5+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and two Ag1+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Nb5+ and two Ag1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗