Solar cell low temperature, low solar intensity operation
Si solar cell low temperature low solar illumination intensity I-V performance deficiencies, considering corrective design modifications
Bartels, F. T. C.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Space radiation effects of a simulated Venus- Mercury flyby on solar absorptance and transmittance properties of solar cells, cover glasses, adhesives, and Kapton film
Venus-Mercury flyby vehicle solar cells, cover glasses, adhesives and Kapton film, investigating space radiation effects on solar absorptance and transmittance
Cannaday, S. S.↗
Type III solar radio burst storms observed at low frequencies. III - Streamer density, inhomogeneities, and solar wind speed
Type 3 solar LF radio burst storms, considering streamer density, inhomogeneities and solar wind speed
Fainberg, J.↗
Solar activity as observed by the NASA solar particle alert network 1967-69
Solar flare activity and sunspot distribution over central meridian from optical data by NASA solar particle alert network 1967-69
Reid, J. H.↗
Martian environmental effects on solar cells and solar cell cover glasses
The results of a study concerned with the effects of the Martian environment on the performance of solar cells are given. The results indicate that the efficiency of a power system composed of solar cells will be greatly reduced when subjected to dust storms such as may occur on Mars. Two factors are responsible for this, (1) accumulation of dust on the protective covers, and (2) damage to covers by pitting, cracking, and chipping. It is recommended that this type of power system not be used on Mars landing vehicles. Experimental procedures are described and results are summarized and damage assessed.
Wade, F. A.↗
Proposed specification for the solar constant and air mass zero solar spectral irradiance
The specification defines the solar constant and the zero air mass solar spectral irradiance for use in thermal analysis, thermal balance testing, and other tests of spacecraft and spacecraft components and materials. It is based upon data from experimental measurements made from high altitude aircraft, balloons, spacecraft, and the earth's surface. The stated accuracies are based on the estimated accuracies of the measurements, calibrations, and radiometric scales.
Source record↗
Research and development of silicon solar cells for low solar intensity and low temperature applications
Problems were identified, using N/P solar cells at low temperature and low intensity; these problems were solved and the solutions incorporated in a manufacturing procedure. Theoretical analysis of the effects of low temperature and low intensity on the various solar cell characteristics indicated that the following behavior might be expected: (1) lower short circuit current,(2) higher open circuit voltage,(3) series resistance becoming less significant, and (4) shunt resistance becoming more critical.
Payne, P. A.↗
Experiment to measure hard solar and celestial X-rays from the fifth Orbiting Solar Observatory.
In this paper we describe an experiment designed to measure solar and celestial X-rays in the energy range between 15 to 250 keV. The experiment was flown on the fifth Orbiting Solar Observatory which was launched on Jan. 22, 1969. Up to the time of this writing the instrument continues to operate satisfactorily.
Frost, K. J.↗
Propagation of solar cosmic rays in the solar wind.
The theory of the propagation of solar cosmic rays in the solar wind is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the diffusive transport during the decay phase of events. Recent evidence is shown to corroborate the prediction that the diffusion coefficient is small for protons with energies of the order of 1 Mev. It is concluded that the transport equation explains the principal phenomena quite well, in that most effects are reasonably understood.
Jokipii, J. R.↗
On the relation between solar wind structure and solar wind rotational and tangential discontinuities.
Solar wind plasma and magnetic field data were used to identify rotational and tangential discontinuities during the first 40 days of the flight of Mariner 5. Of the 40 rotational discontinuities found, 36 were clustered in three distinct 3- to 6-day intervals. These three intervals were characterized by high solar wind bulk velocities, high magnetic field magnitudes, low densities, high correlation between velocity and magnetic field changes, and the presence of smooth Alfven waves. The rotational discontinuities had magnetic field changes that were generally close to the direction of magnetic field changes for smooth Alfven waves. Although the primary component of these changes was perpendicular to the equatorial plane for both, the radial component for the discontinuities was generally larger. The normals to the tangential discontinuity surfaces strongly preferred a direction near the ecliptic plane and perpendicular to the spiral field direction.
Turner, J. M.↗
Effects of heavy ions on electron temperatures in the solar corona and solar wind
The effects of the reduction in the thermal conductivity due to heavy ions on electron temperatures in the solar corona and solar wind are examined. Large enhancements of heavy ions in the corona appear to be necessary to give appreciable changes in the thermal gradient of the electrons.
Nakada, M. P.↗
Solar and laser energy conversion with Schottky barrier solar cells
Photovoltaic devices have been fabricated for solar and short-wavelength laser energy conversion using the thin metal film-semiconductor (Schottky barrier) approach. Studies of the metal film optical characteristics and the voltage outputs were emphasized. Air mass zero efficiencies of 8 to 9% in GaAs and laser conversion efficiencies of 25% at 4880 A in GaAs(0.6)P(0.4) are presently measured, with projected efficiencies of 15 and 45%, respectively. The techniques, if applied successfully to semiconductor thin films, could have an impact in solar energy terrestrial application.
Stirn, R. J.↗
Economical solar-heating or cooling system with new solar-energy concentrators
Economical solar energy collector, made from array of cylindrical Fresnel lenses, does not require tracking mechanism. As the sun changes position, lenses focus solar energy on different collector elements.
Shimada, K.↗
The relationship between solar flares and solar sector boundaries
A superposed epoch analysis of 1964-1970 solar flares shows a marked increase in flare occurrence within a day of (-+) solar sector boundaries, as well as a local minimum in flare occurrence near (+-) sector boundaries. This perference for (-+) boundaries is more noticeable for Northern Hemisphere flares, where these polarities match the Hale polarity law, but is not reversed in the south. Plage regions do not show such a perference.
Dittmer, P. H.↗
Standardized solar simulator tests of flat plate solar collectors. 1: Soltex collector with two transparent covers
A Soltex flat plate solar collector was tested with a solar simulator for inlet temperatures of 77 to 201 F, flux levels of 240 and 350 Btu/hr-sq ft, a collant flow rate of 10.5 lb/hr sq ft, and incident angles of 0 deg, 41.5 deg, and 65.2 deg. Collector performance is correlated in terms of inlet temperature, flux level, and incident angle.
Simon, F.↗
Slowly varying component of extreme ultraviolet solar radiation and its relation to solar radio radiation
A study of the correlations between solar EUV line fluxes and solar radio fluxes has been carried out. A calibration for the Goddard Space Flight Center EUV spectrum is suggested. The results are used to obtain an equation for the absolute EUV flux for several lines in the 150- to 400-A region and the total flux of 81 intense lines in the region, the 2800-MHz radio flux being used as independent variable.
Chapman, R. D.↗
Solar one - The Delaware solar house and results obtained during the first year of operation
The design of a system which uses CdS/Cu2S solar cells to convert solar energy into electricity and heat, and which uses a heat pump for auxiliary heating and air conditioning is discussed. Salt hydrates are used for heat storage, while air serves as the heat transfer medium. The operational parameters and economic aspects of the system are examined, and preliminary test results are analyzed.
Boeer, K. W.↗
Solar emissions associated with impulsive solar flare X-rays
The major characteristics of some of the flare emissions are identified. The time-intensity profile of solar flare emissions is presented, where impulsive X-rays, impulsive microwave, optical and EUV emissions are emitted during the impulsive (flash) phase of a solar flare. The energy emitted in various electromagnetic emissions during flares with an impulsive phase is reported along with estimates of the kinetic energy of the energetic electrons and the energy of the hot plasma. Although the magnitudes of the various flare emissions vary from one flare to another, the total kinetic energy of the nonthermal particles produced during the impulsive phase is a significant fraction of the total flare energy (thermal and nonthermal). The process responsible for particle acceleration in some flares is shown to have a relatively high efficiency.
Kane, S. R.↗