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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Change in the magnetic structure of (Bi,Sm)FeO{sub 3} thin films at the morphotropic phase boundary probed by neutron diffraction

We report on the evolution of the magnetic structure of BiFeO{sub 3} thin films grown on SrTiO{sub 3} substrates as a function of Sm doping. We determined the magnetic structure using neutron diffraction. We found that as Sm increases, the magnetic structure evolves from a cycloid to a G-type antiferromagnet at the morphotropic phase boundary, where there is a large piezoelectric response due to an electric-field induced structural transition. The occurrence of the magnetic structural transition at the morphotropic phase boundary offers another route towards room temperature multiferroic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Combined effects of Bi deficiency and Mn substitution on the structural transformation and functionality of BiFeO{sub 3} films

Mn-doped BiFeO{sub 3} films with Mn contents of 5 and 10 mol. % were prepared via a chemical route. A carefully controlled amount of Bi deficiency was introduced to further tune the lattice structure and the functionality of multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3}. The crystal structure of Bi{sub 1−δ}Fe{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}O{sub 3} films was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra; a rhombohedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition was revealed. The observed double hysteresis loops and two capacitance maxima from polarization vs electric field and capacitance-voltage measurements indicate an antiferroelectric-like behavior. Additionally, the coexistence of ferroelectric (FE) and antiferroelectric (AFE) phases in Bi{sub 1−δ}Fe{sub 1−x}Mn{sub x}O{sub 3} films was revealed from the domain structures obtained by piezoelectric force microscopy. The effects of Mn substitution in conjunction with Bi deficiency on the FE-AFE phase transition and electrical behavior of BiFeO{sub 3} films are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, magnetic and photoluminescence measurements on the films illustrate that Mn substitution gives rise to the net magnetic moment and the defects induced by both Bi deficiency and Mn substitution influence the electronic structure of BiFeO{sub 3} films. This study thus shows a simple and effective way to control the functionalities of BiFeO{sub 3} films.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Ferroelectricity and competing interactions in Ho-deficient non-stoichiometric orthorhombic HoMnO{sub 3}

We investigate the consequences of the Ho-deficient non-stoichiometry in orthorhombic HoMnO{sub 3} in terms of microscopic mechanisms for ferroelectricity modulation. It is suggested that the Ho-deficiency (then Mn excess) results in Ho-vacancies and then Mn occupation of the Ho-site with increasing non-stoichiometry. The Ho-deficiency enhances the Mn-Mn symmetric exchange striction by suppressing the independent Ho-Ho interaction, and thus benefits to the induced Ho spin ordering against the independent Ho spin ordering. The symmetric Ho-Mn exchange striction is thus enhanced by this induced Ho spin ordering, leading to remarkably enhanced ferroelectric polarization as observed. This work presents an alternative scheme to modulate the multiferroicity in rare-earth manganites of strong 4f-3d coupling.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Room temperature nonlinear magnetoelectric effect in lead-free and Nb-doped AlFeO{sub 3} compositions

It is still a challenging problem to obtain technologically useful materials displaying strong magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. In the search for new effects and materials to achieve this kind of coupling, a nonlinear magnetoelectric effect was proposed in the magnetically disordered relaxor ferroelectric materials. In this context, the aluminum iron oxide (AlFeO{sub 3}), a room temperature ferroelectric relaxor and magnetic spin glass compound, emerges as an attractive lead-free magnetoelectric material along with nonlinear magnetoelectric effects. In this work, static, dynamic, and temperature dependent ferroic and magnetoelectric properties in lead-free AlFeO{sub 3} and 2 at. % Nb-doped AlFeO{sub 3} multiferroic magnetoelectric compositions are studied. Pyroelectric and magnetic measurements show changes in ferroelectric and magnetic states close to each other (∼200 K). The magnetoelectric coefficient behavior as a function of H{sub bias} suggests a room temperature nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling in both single-phase and Nb-doped AlFeO{sub 3}-based ceramic compositions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Correlation between oxygen vacancies and sites of Mn ions in YMnO{sub 3}

In multiferroic hexagonal manganites (RMnO{sub 3}, R = Y, Sc, Ho-Lu), positions of Mn ions can affect both their in-plane and inter-plane exchange interactions, thus they are of utmost importance for the magneto-elastic coupling of rare-earth compounds. However, the reported in-plane positions of Mn ions by different groups are controversial and there is a lack of convenient method to identify the shift of Mn ions from the center of MnO{sub 5} bipyramids. Here, we demonstrate that the transmission electron microscopy is an efficient technique to characterize the positions of Mn ions and the shift of Mn ions can be directly recognized from the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. Through systematic studies on the SAED patterns acquired from regions with stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric ratio, we conclude that the intensities of (11{sup ¯}0) and (22{sup ¯}0) diffraction spots are very sensitive to the in-plane positions of Mn ions. We ascribe the off-centered shift of Mn ions to the in-plane oxygen vacancies and this is verified by combined electron microscopy and electron diffraction pattern calculations. Our results indicate that SAED can be used to judge both local positions of Mn ions and local oxygen deficiency in RMnO{sub 3} systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effects of aluminum substitution on the crystal structure and magnetic properties in Zn{sub 2}Y-type hexaferrites

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of multiferroic Y-type hexaferrites Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 1.5}Zn{sub 2}(Fe{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}){sub 12}O{sub 22} (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12) were investigated. The Z- and M-type impurity phases decrease with increasing Al content, and the pure phase samples can be obtained by modulating Al-doping. Lattice distortion exists in Al-doped samples due to the different radius of Al ion (0.535 Å) and Fe ion (0.645 Å). The microstructural morphologies show that the hexagonal shape grains can be observed in all the samples, and grain size decreases with increasing Al content. As for magnetic properties of Ba{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 1.5}Zn{sub 2}(Fe{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}){sub 12}O{sub 22}, there exist rich thermal- and field-driven magnetic phase transitions. Temperature dependence of zero-field cooling magnetization curves from 5 K to 800 K exhibit three magnetic phase transitions involving conical spin phase, proper-screw spin phase, ferromagnetic phase, and paramagnetic phase, which can be found in all the samples. Furthermore, the phase-transition temperatures can be modulated by varying Al content. In addition, four kinds of typical hysteresis loops are observed in pure phase sample at different temperatures, which reveal different magnetization processes of above-motioned magnetic spin structures. Typically, triple hysteresis loops in low magnetic field range from 0 to 0.5 T can be observed at 5 K, which suggests low-field driven magnetic phase transitions from conical spin order to proper-screw spin order and further to ferrimagnetic spin order occur. Furthermore, the coercive field (H{sub C}) and the saturation magnetization (M{sub S}) enhance with increasing Al content from x = 0 to 0.08, and drop rapidly at x = 0.12, which could be attribute to that in initial Al-doped process the pitch of spin helix increases and therefore magnetization enhances, but conical spin phase eventually collapses in higher-concentration Al-doping.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetoelectric polymer nanocomposite for flexible electronics

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of a new type of magnetoelectric polymer nanocomposite that exhibits excellent ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity simultaneously at room temperature. The multiferroic nanocomposite consists of high aspect ratio ferromagnetic iron nanowires embedded inside a ferroelectric co-polymer poly(vinylindene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE). The nanocomposite has been fabricated via a simple low temperature spin coating technique. Structural, ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric properties of the developed nanocomposite have been characterized. The nanocomposite films showed isotropic magnetic properties due to the random orientation of the iron nanowires inside the film. In addition, the embedded nanowires did not hinder the ferroelectric phase development of the nanocomposite. The developed nanocomposite showed a high magnetoelectric coupling response of 156 mV/cmOe measured at 3.1 kOe DC bias field. This value is among the highest reported magnetoelectric coupling in two phase particulate polymer nanocomposites.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structural, morphological and magnetic study of (Bi{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 0.1}O{sub 3}) - (Ni{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 2(0.1)}O{sub 4}) nanocomposite

Multiferroic nanocomposite of (Bi{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 0.1}O{sub 3}) - (Ni{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 2(0.1)}O{sub 4}) was prepared by sol gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, superconducting quantum interference device. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of desired crystallographic phase of the composite. The average particle size found to be 13.97nm. The transmission electron microscopy depicts the presence of the polycrystalline nanoparticles. In order to investigate the magnetic behavior superconducting quantum interference device was used. The sample was analyzed by increasing the magnetic field up to 25kOe and magnetization was found to be 16.8emu/g, which is optimum for the technological applications. The magnetic properties in such composite result as determined both by the ferrite concentration and properties and by the degree of connectivity of the two phases. The appropriate combination of two phases gives rise to higher magnetization.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structural, ferroelectric and magnetic study of lead free (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 0.988}Fe{sub 0.012}O{sub 3} (x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05) ceramic

Lead free (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 0.988}Fe{sub 0.012}O{sub 3} ceramic having compositions (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) has been prepared by sol gel method using citric acid. Structural analysis has been done by X-ray diffraction and FTIR measurements. XRD patterns have been confirmed perovskite structure for all samples. FTIR absorption band at around ∼630 cm{sup −1} is observed for all samples which confirm perovskite phase formation in samples. With increasing La concentration, shifting in XRD peaks and FTIR absorption bands is observed which suggests incorporation of La on A-site in prepared (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 0.988}Fe{sub 0.012}O{sub 3} samples. Effect of La substitution on Ferroelectric (Polarization vs. Electric field) and Magnetic (Magnetization vs. Magnetic field) properties have been studied at room temperature. All samples exhibit weak ferromagnetic order and also possess ferroelectric behavior which provides new insight to lead free single phase multiferroic materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic and ferroelectric orders in strained Gd{sub 1/2}Na{sub 1/2}TiO{sub 3}: First-principles calculations

The emergent magnetic and ferroelectric orders in A-site ordered Gd{sub 1/2}Na{sub 1/2}TiO{sub 3} under lattice strain are investigated using the first-principles calculations. It is revealed that the lattice prefers the perovskite structure with alternatively stacked Ga-O and Na-O layers along the b-axis and the ground spin state favors the G-type antiferromagnetic (G-AFM) order. The ac-plane biaxial strain can remarkably tune the amplitude of ferroelectric polarization, while the G-AFM spin structure is robustly unaffected. The ±4% strains can trigger the change of polarization up to ±50% relative to the polarization value of unstrained structure. The present work suggests a possible scenario to control emergent multiferroic behaviors in Gd{sub 1/2}Na{sub 1/2}TiO{sub 3} via lattice strain.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Photocatalytic activity of BiFeO{sub 3} nanoparticles synthesized through hydrothermal method

Multiferroic BiFeO{sub 3} (BFO) nanoparticles (Nps) were synthesized using hydrothermal method. From the X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the synthesized Nps were found to having rhombohedral structure with R3c space group confirmed by Rietveld analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out to identify the chemical bonds present in the BFO Nps. Photocatalytic properties of synthesized Nps were studied for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible light of 150W.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Temperature evolution of the crystal structure of MnTiO{sub 3}

Temperature dependent x-ray diffraction studies were carried on MnTiO{sub 3}. The evolution of the structural parameters as a function of temperature reveal strong link with its magnetism. The results indicate onset of the antiferromagnetic interaction well above the Neel temperature. The present studies will be helpful in understanding the multiferroic property exhibited by this system especially where hybridization plays a very important role.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Curie-Weiss behavior of Y{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x = 0 and 0.03)

The effect of bivalent cation Sr-doping on magnetic properties in multiferroic YMnO{sub 3} manganites was systemically studied by DC magnetic measurements. Both of the reported samples were prepared by solid-state reaction method with composition Y{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x = 0.00 and 0.03). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the compounds are synthesized in hexagonal crystal structure with space group P6{sub 3}cm (JCPDS: 25-1079) and slight increase in the lattice parameter is observed with strontium doping. The magnetisation versus temperature curve shows no clear anomaly near the antiferromagnetic transition temperature (T{sub N}), however from the magnetic measurements at 1000Oe a slight increase in the magnetisation is clearly witnessed with increasing Stront ium content to the Y-site.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of divalent (Sr, Ba) doping on the structural and magnetic properties of BiFeO{sub 3}

The effect of divalent substitution on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of BiFeO{sub 3} has been investigated using X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements technique. Single phase Bi{sub 0.8}A{sub 0.2}FeO{sub 3} (A= Sr, Ba) multiferroics have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. Rietveld analysis of the XRD patterns revealed that the prepared ceramics exhibit rhombohedral structure with space group R3c. M–H hysteresis loops were recorded at 5K revealed that Sr and Ba substitution transformed antiferromagnetic BiFeO3 into weak ferromagnetic. The enhanced magnetization with Sr and Ba addition is confirmed by the MT curve recorded at 1T. It is closely related to intrinsic structural distortion and modification of the antiparallel spin structure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Composition-dependent structural and Raman spectroscopic studies on Y{sub 1-x}Ho{sub x}CrO{sub 3} (0≤x≤0.1)

In this paper we report the synthesis and structural characterization of polycrystalline holmium doped YCrO{sub 3} samples prepared by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of single phase pure materials. Increasing Holmium substitution in Y{sub 1-x}Ho{sub x}CrO{sub 3} (0≤x≤0.1) allows a quasi-continuous tuning of the lattice in this multiferroic chromite without any magnetic interference effects of rare-earth ions. The composition dependent Raman scattering studies at room temperature reveal decreasing Raman mode frequencies with increasing holmium content consistent with the X-ray data. Decreasing phonon frequency shifts with increasing holmium content occurs, depending on the average rare-earth ion radius determined by the concentration of Y{sup +3} and Ho{sup +3}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Charge ordering, ferroelectric, and magnetic domains in LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} observed by scanning probe microscopy

LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is a multiferroic system which exhibits charge order, ferroelectricity, and ferrimagnetism simultaneously below ∼230 K. The ferroelectric/charge order domains of LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} are imaged with both piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), while the magnetic domains are characterized by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Comparison of PFM and EFM results suggests that the proposed ferroelectricity in LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is not of usual displacive type but of electronic origin. Simultaneous characterization of ferroelectric/charge order and magnetic domains by EFM and MFM, respectively, on the same surface of LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} reveals that both domains have irregular patterns of similar shape, but the length scales are quite different. The domain size is approximately 100 nm for the ferroelectric domains, while the magnetic domain size is much larger and gets as large as 1 μm. We also demonstrate that the origin of the formation of irregular domains in LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is not extrinsic but intrinsic.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Spin-phonon study of EuMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods

EuMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} multiferroic nanorods, with diameters radial × (〈L{sub C}〉) lengths of 25(6) nm × 47(15) nm and 51(16) nm × 70(26) nm, were fabricated by the hydrothermal method. Ferrimagnetic ordering below 50 K (T*) is observed in the 〈L{sub C}〉 = 70 nm sample, which exhibited ferromagnetic (FM) behavior below T* in a field cooling process. No similar behavior was found in the 〈L{sub C}〉 = 47 nm sample. These observations reveal that only the 〈L{sub C}〉 = 70 nm sample has a meta-FM state, and this sample exhibits the stronger coupling between the Mn ions. Raman spectra of both sets of samples were obtained in 0, 610, 1000, 1600, and 2000 G magnetic fields. The red-shift of the A{sub g} (681 cm{sup −1}) mode of the both samples increased with the strength of the field above 1000 G, indicating the existence of spin-phonon interaction. The smaller sampled exhibited a larger red-shift, suggesting that the size importantly affects the of EuMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic properties of CuFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 2} nanoparticles surrounded by amorphous SiO{sub 2}

CuFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 2} (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanoparticles surrounded by amorphous SiO{sub 2} with an average diameter of 30–50 nm were synthesized using a wet chemical method. The annealing temperatures were controlled to yield various sizes of single-phase CuFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 2} nanoparticles. CuFeO{sub 2} bulk crystal is known to have a multiferroic delafossite structure with two Néel temperatures of 11 and 14 K; however, the transition temperature shifted higher as the Cr–ion doping level increased. In addition, the lattice constants decreased in accordance with increased Cr-ion doping, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. The magnetization curves showed weak ferromagnetic behavior and no coercivity was observed. Hence, frustration in the triangular lattice of the delafossite structure can be released by Cr–ion doping and higher magnetization can be expected. A fine structure analysis through X-ray absorption fine structure measurements was also conducted. It was found that the structure of the Cu ion is similar to that of Cu{sub 2}O, and the c axis of the CuFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 2} should be shortened by the Cr–ion doping.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗