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DOE OSTI2024

Beam test performance studies of CMS Phase-2 Outer Tracker module prototypes

A new tracking detector will be installed as part of thePhase-2 upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC era.This tracking detector includes the Inner Tracker, equipped withsilicon pixel sensor modules, and the Outer Tracker, consisting ofmodules with two parallel stacked silicon sensors. The Outer Trackerfront-end ASICs will be able to correlate hits from chargedparticles in these two sensors to perform on-module discriminationof transverse momenta (p$_{T}$). The p$_{T}$information is generated at a frequency of 40 MHz and will be usedin the Level-1 trigger decision of CMS. Prototypes of theso-called 2S modules were tested at the Test Beam Facility at DESYHamburg between 2019 and 2020. These modules use the finalfront-end ASIC, the CMS Binary Chip (CBC), and for the firsttime the Concentrator Integrated Circuit (CIC), optical readoutand on-module power conversion. In total, seven modules were tested,one of which was assembled with sensors irradiated with protons. Animportant aspect was to show that it is possible to read out modulessynchronously. A cluster hit efficiency of about 99.75 % wasachieved for all modules. The CBC p$_{T}$ discriminationmechanism has been verified to work together with the CIC andoptical readout. The measured module performance meets therequirements for operation in the upgraded CMS tracking detector.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2024

Nonresonant central exclusive production of charged-hadron pairs in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

The central exclusive production of charged-hadron pairs in p p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is examined, based on data collected in a special high- β * run of the LHC. The nonresonant continuum processes are studied with the invariant mass of the centrally produced two-pion system in the resonance-free region, m π + π − < 0.7 or m π + π − > 1.8 GeV . Differential cross sections as functions of the azimuthal angle between the surviving protons, squared exchanged four-momenta, and m π + π − are measured in a wide region of scattered proton transverse momenta, between 0.2 and 0.8 GeV, and for pion rapidities | y | < 2 . A rich structure of interactions related to double-pomeron exchange is observed. A parabolic minimum in the distribution of the two-proton azimuthal angle is observed for the first time. It can be interpreted as an effect of additional pomeron exchanges between the protons from the interference between the bare and the rescattered amplitudes. After model tuning, various physical quantities are determined that are related to the pomeron cross section, proton-pomeron and meson-pomeron form factors, pomeron trajectory and intercept, and coefficients of diffractive eigenstates of the proton. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS and TOTEMs Collaboration 2024 CERN

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Spectral function of the $J_1$ – $J_2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice

Spectral probes, such as neutron scattering, are crucial for characterizing excitations in quantum many-body systems and the properties of quantum materials. Among the most elusive phases of matter are quantum spin liquids, which have no long-range order even at zero temperature and host exotic fractionalized excitations with nontrivial statistics. These phases can occur in frustrated quantum magnets, such as the paradigmatic Heisenberg model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor exchange interactions on the triangular lattice, the so-called $J_1$ – $J_2$ model. In this work, we compute the spectral function using large-scale matrix product state simulations across the three different phases of this model's phase diagram, including a quantum spin-liquid phase at intermediate $J_2$/$J_1$. Despite a plethora of theoretical and experimental studies, the exact nature of this phase is still contested, with the dominant candidates being a gapped $\mathbb{Z}_2$, a gapless U(1) Dirac, and a spinon Fermi surface quantum spin-liquid state. We find a V-shaped spectrum near the center of the Brillouin zone ($Γ$ point), a key signature of a spinon Fermi surface, observed in prior neutron scattering experiments. However, we find a small gap near the $Γ$ point, ruling out such a phase. Furthermore, we find localized gapless excitations at the corner of the Brillouin zone boundary (K point) and the middle of the edge of the Brillouin zone boundary (M point), ruling out the gapped $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin-liquid phase. Here, our results imply that the intermediate spin-liquid phase is a gapless $U(1)$ Dirac spin liquid, and provide clear signatures to detect this phase in future neutron scattering experiments.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2021

Recent Developments at the Raft River Geothermal Field

The Raft River geothermal field, located in Cassia County in southwestern Idaho, is the site of a Department of Energy Enhanced Geothermal System project. U.S. Geothermal, Inc. currently produces about 11 MWe from Precambrian metamorphic rocks. These lie beneath ~5,000 ft of Quaternary and Tertiary volcaniclastic and volcanic deposits. Maximum temperatures range from 271°F to 300°F. Well RRG-9 ST1, the well targeted for stimulation is located approximately 1 mile south of the main bore field. The open hole section of the well, from 5,551 to 5,900 ft MD, consists of Precambrian Elba Quartzite, the stimulation target, granite and minor diabase. Prior to setting the casing acoustic, gamma ray, and density logs were run. After completing the well, a step rate/step down test was conducted. The maximum injection rate achieved was 18 bpm at a wellhead pressure of 1,150 psig. A borehole televiewer run in the open hole section showed evidence of more than eighty fractures. The majority of these fractures trend from N20⁰W to N20°E and dip from 40° to 60°W. Permeable fractures were encountered in the Elba Quartzite at 5,640-5,660 ft MD. Analysis of the injection test indicates that the minimum in-situ principal stress in this zone is 3,050-3,200 psi, corresponding to a fracture gradient of 0.59-0.62 psi/ft. A discrete fracture network model was developed using measured and inferred fracture orientations, distributions and dimensions. A three-phase stimulation program is proposed for RRG-9 ST-1. During the first two stages, water at 140°F, and later 40°F, will be injected to pre-condition and thermally fracture the reservoir. Here, the third stage will consist of a high rate, large volume conventional hydraulic stimulation.

Bradford, Jacob↗

DOE OSTI2026

Endurance exercise elicits temporal and sexual dimorphic multi-omics remodeling of liver metabolism revealed by MoTrPAC

The mechanisms by which exercise modulate liver metabolism, a central regulator of systemic metabolism, are poorly understood. Leveraging data from MoTrPAC, we analyzed liver adaptations across 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of exercise in male and female rats using multi-omic approaches. Female livers displayed a progressive increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (at the protein level), while male livers showed an increase in acetylation of OXPHOS, TCA cycle, and fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Exercise also enhanced liver cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, reducing liver lipid metabolites in males after 8 weeks of exercise. Male rats had higher fecal cholesterol and cholic acid levels, indicating a sex-specific mechanism of lipid excretion with exercise. Moreover, 8 weeks of training reduced markers related to hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis in both sexes. This study highlights the sexual dimorphic and temporal molecular signatures by which exercise modulates liver metabolism to provide hepatoprotective effects.

Kelty, Taylor↗

DOE OSTI2025

Ultra-sensitive radon assay using an electrostatic chamber in a recirculating system

Rare event searches such as neutrinoless double beta decay and Weakly Interacting Massive Particle detection require ultra-low background detectors. Radon contamination is a significant challenge for these experiments, which employ highly sensitive radon assay techniques to identify and select low-emission materials. This work presents the development of ultra-sensitive electrostatic chamber (ESC) instruments designed to measure radon emanation in a recirculating gas loop, for future lower background experiments. Unlike traditional methods that separate emanation and detection steps, this system allows continuous radon transport and detection. This is made possible with a custom-built recirculation pump. A Python-based analysis framework, PyDAn, was developed to process and fit time-dependent radon decay data. Radon emanation rates are given for various materials measured with this instrument. A radon source of known activity provides an absolute calibration, enabling statistically-limited minimal detectable activities of 20 µBq. These devices are powerful tools for screening materials in the development of low-background particle physics experiments.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of Ocean Biogeochemistry and Carbon Cycling in CMIP Earth System Models With the International Ocean Model Benchmarking (IOMB) Software System

Abstract The International Ocean Model Benchmarking (IOMB) software package is a new community resource that we use here to evaluate surface and upper ocean biogeochemical variables and integrated anthropogenic carbon uptake from earth system models (ESMs) contributing to the 5th and 6th phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). IOMB generates graphics and tables for systematically comparing model predictions against multiple datasets. Our analysis reveals some improvement in the multi‐model mean from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for most of the variables we examined. Compared to data‐constrained estimates of ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake for the 1994–2007 period, negative biases exist for many models between 30 and 50°S. Global model estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake for the same period do not change significantly from CMIP5 to CMIP6, with the combined ensemble mean estimate of 27.8 ± 0.5 Pg C lower than a data‐constrained estimate of 33.0 ± 4.0 Pg C. At the same time, the change in the natural carbon inventory from CMIP is estimated to be a source of 0.7 ± 0.3 Pg C, which is considerably smaller in magnitude than a data‐constrained estimate of 5.0 ± 3.0 Pg C. With chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) predictions available for several models, we demonstrate that negative anthropogenic dissolved inorganic carbon biases coincide with negative biases in CFC concentration, highlighting the importance of weak exchange between the surface and interior ocean in regulating rates of anthropogenic carbon uptake. To examine the robustness of this attribution across the CMIP models, we calculate the global vertical temperature gradient between 200 and 1,000 m as a metric for global stratification and exchange between the surface and deeper waters. We find a linear relationship between the bias of the vertical temperature gradients and the bias in global anthropogenic carbon uptake, consistent with the hypothesis that model biases in anthropogenic carbon uptake are related to biases in surface‐to‐interior exchange by physical processes.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

US Department of Energy, Office of Science High Performance Computing Facility Operational Assessment 2021: Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility

Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL’s) Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) continues to surpass its operational target goals of supporting users; delivering fast, reliable computational ecosystems; creating innovative solutions for high-performance computing (HPC) needs; contributing to the community to build the next generation HPC workforce, and managing risks, safety, and security associated with operating some of the most powerful computers in the world. The results can be seen in the cutting-edge science conducted by users and the praise from the research community. Calendar year (CY) 2021 saw continued excellence in research supported by the OLCF’s leadership-class computing resources, including Summit (the nation’s most powerful supercomputer), the global scratch file system Alpine, the Scalable Protected Infrastructure (SPI), the Exploratory Visualization Environment for Research in Science and Technology (EVEREST), and the archival mass-storage resource High-Performance Storage System (HPSS). While maintaining access and exceptional user support for Summit, the OLCF continued to make progress on the installation and deployment of Frontier, which will be the nation’s first exascale system when it comes online at the start of CY 2023. Users have already begun running and optimizing scientific codes on Crusher, the OLCF test and development system equipped with Frontier’s architecture. Throughout the year, the OLCF maintained a strong culture of operational excellence, including risk management, workplace safety, and cybersecurity. The OLCF’s rigorous risk management strategy anticipated and mitigated risks, and at this time there are no high-priority operational risks. Similarly, ORNL and the OLCF were committed to operating under the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) safety regulations that ensure a safe workplace. Technical staff tracked and monitored existing threats and vulnerabilities within the OLCF while continually developing tools and practices to enhance operations without increasing the facility’s risk. CY 2021 was filled with outstanding results and accomplishments, including a very high rating from users on overall satisfaction for the eighth consecutive year; a tremendous number of node hours delivered to 1,671 researchers on Summit; and the successful delivery of the allocation split of roughly 60%, 20%, and 20% of core-hours offered for the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE), Advanced Scientific Computing Research Leadership Computing Challenge (ALCC), and Director’s Discretionary (DD) programs, respectively (Section 2). COVID-19 research remained a focus in 2021, and the ALCC and DD programs allocated over 1 million Summit hours to the COVID-19 High Performance Computing Consortium. These accomplishments, coupled with the high utilization rates (i.e., overall and capability usage), represent the fulfillment of the promise of leadership class machines: efficient facilitation of leadership-class computational applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for vector-like leptons with long-lived particle decays in the CMS muon system in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{\text{s}}$$ = 13 TeV

Abstract A first search is presented for vector-like leptons (VLLs) exclusively decaying into a light long-lived pseudoscalar boson and a standard model τ lepton. The pseudoscalar boson is assumed to have a mass below the τ + τ − threshold, so that it decays exclusively into two photons. It is identified using the CMS muon system. The analysis is carried out using a data set of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1. Selected events contain at least one pseudoscalar boson decaying electromagnetically in the muon system and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton. No significant excess of data events is observed compared to the background expectation. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the vector-like lepton production cross section as a function of the VLL mass and the pseudoscalar boson mean proper decay length. The observed and expected exclusion ranges of the VLL mass extend up to 700 and 670 GeV, respectively, depending on the pseudoscalar boson lifetime.

Chekhovsky, V. [Yerevan Physics Institute]↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for vector-like leptons with long-lived particle decays in the CMS muon system in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A first search is presented for vector-like leptons (VLLs) exclusively decaying into a light long-lived pseudoscalar boson and a standard model τ lepton. The pseudoscalar boson is assumed to have a mass below the τ + τ − threshold, so that it decays exclusively into two photons. It is identified using the CMS muon system. The analysis is carried out using a data set of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . Selected events contain at least one pseudoscalar boson decaying electromagnetically in the muon system and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton. No significant excess of data events is observed compared to the background expectation. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the vector-like lepton production cross section as a function of the VLL mass and the pseudoscalar boson mean proper decay length. The observed and expected exclusion ranges of the VLL mass extend up to 700 and 670 GeV, respectively, depending on the pseudoscalar boson lifetime.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Energy Evolution from the Chromosphere to the Heliosphere in the 2021 October 28 Solar Eruption

We perform a detailed study of the energetics for a well-observed solar eruption and flare that occurred on 2021 October 28. This event included a GOES class X1.0 flare, a global extreme-UV (EUV) wave, and a coronal mass ejection (CME) that reached speeds of >2000 km s −1 . The event was observed from a variety of spacecraft in NASA’s Heliophysics System Observatory, including multiple missions near Earth, STEREO-A off the Sun-Earth line, and Solar Orbiter, near the Sun-Earth line at about 0.8 au. Using remote sensing, in situ observations, and in some cases scaling laws based on previous observations, we characterize the following quantities: free magnetic energy, energy in nonthermal electrons, energy in nonthermal ions, bolometric energy, energy deposited in the chromosphere, thermal energy radiated in the flare loops, energy dissipated by the EUV wave, CME kinetic and gravitational potential energy, CME energy flux in the heliosphere, and the energy partition in the CME shock. We find that the total energy released during the event is consistent with estimates of the pre-event stored magnetic energy, and the CME kinetic + potential energy dominates the energy partition.

solar coronal mass ejection shocks↗

DOE OSTI2025

Detailed Design and Cost Estimation of a 300 MWe Oxy-Fuel sCO2 Turbine

The detailed design of a 300 MWe, utility scale oxy-fuel turbine has been completed for purposed operation in the sCO2 direct fired Allam-Fetvedt cycle, targeting near-zero emissions and a 50% LHV system efficiency. The turbine and its supporting plant aim to offer a lower levelized cost of energy than a natural gas combined cycle plant employing carbon capture. The oxy-fuel turbine conditions include an inlet temperature of 1150°C and inlet pressure of 305 bar, representing temperatures near that of a gas turbine simultaneously with pressures near an ultra-supercritical steam turbine. The combustor housing and turbine designs were completed according to the ASME BPVC; the turbine case specifically incorporates a multi-body design with inner high-pressure barrel case and low-pressure (30 bar) horizontally split outer case of low-chromium steel material. Lateral rotordynamic evaluation demonstrated acceptable vibration response for a range of imbalance conditions per API standards. The cooling flow required in the six-stage turbine flowpath for 30,000 hr. blade and stator lifetime is predicted through thermal and structural modeling of the first stage. The provided cost estimate of the turbine is formed through a combination of scaled up-costs from procured 10 MWe scale sCO2 turbomachinery hardware, and vendor provided budgetary quotes of larger components including the turbine case requiring casting, welding, and final machining processes. The performance and cost estimation of the oxy-fuel turbine predicted for the completed detailed design provides important information towards future development needs for market penetration of utility scale direct fired sCO2 power cycles.

Marshall, Michael [Southwest Research Institute, S↗

DOE OSTI2020

One Electron Multiple Proton Transfer in Model Organic Donor–Acceptor Systems: Implications for High-Frequency EPR

EPR spectroscopy is an important spectroscopic method for identification and characterization of radical species involved in many biological reactions. The tyrosyl radical is one of the most studied amino acid radical intermediates in biology. Often in conjunction with histidine residues, it is involved in many fundamental biological electron and proton transfer processes, such as in the water oxidation in photosystem II. As biological processes are typically extremely complicated and hard to control, molecular bio-mimetic model complexes are often used to clarify the mechanisms of the biological reactions. In this work, we present theoretical calculations to investigate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance parameters to proton-coupled electron transfer events, as well as conformational substates of the molecular constructs which mimic the tyrosine-histidine (Tyr-His) pairs found in a large variety of proteins. Upon oxidation of the phenol, the Tyr analog, these complexes can perform not only one-electron one-proton transfer (EPT), but also one-electron two-proton transfers (E2PT). It is shown that in aprotic environment the g X -components of the electronicg-tensor are extremely sensitive to the first proton transfer from the phenoxyl oxygen to the imidazole nitrogen (EPT product), leading to a significant increase of the g X -value of up to 0.003, but are not sensitive to the second proton transfer (E2PT). In the latter case, the change of the g X -value is much smaller (ca. 0.0001), which is too small to be distinguished even by high-frequency EPR. The 14 N hyperfine values are also too similar to allow differentiation between the different protonation states in EPT and E2PT. The magnetic resonance parameters were also calculated as a function of the rotation angles around single bonds. It was demonstrated that rotation of the phenoxyl group results in large positive changes (> 0.001) in the g X -values. Analysis of the data reveals that the main source of these changes is related to the strength of the H-bond between phenoxyl oxygen and the proton(s) on N 1 and N 2 positions of the imidazole.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Visualizing energy transfer between redox-active colloids

Redox-active colloids (RACs) represent a novel class of energy carriers that exchange electrical energy upon contact. Understanding contact-mediated electron transfer dynamics in RACs offers insights into physical contact events in colloidal suspensions and enables quantification of electrical energy transport in nonconjugated polymers. Redox-based electron transport was directly observed in monolayers of micron-sized RACs containing ethyl-viologen side groups via fluorescence microscopy through an unexpected nonlinear electrofluorochromism that is quantitatively coupled to the redox state of the colloid. Via imaging studies, using this electrofluorochromism, the apparent charge transfer diffusion coefficient D CT of the RAC was easily determined. The visualization of energy transport within suspensions of redox-active colloids was also demonstrated. Our work elucidates fundamental mechanisms of energy transport in colloidal systems, informs the development of next-generation redox flow batteries, and may inspire new designs of smart active soft matter including conductive polymers for applications ranging from electrochemical sensors and organic electronics to colloidal robotics.

Qu, Alan Subing [Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champ↗

DOE OSTI2026

Measurement of the dineutrino system kinematic variables in dileptonic top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

Differential top quark pair production cross sections are measured in the dilepton final states e + e − , μ + μ − , and e ± μ ∓ , as a function of kinematic variables of the two-neutrino system: the transverse momentum $p^{vv}_{\textrm{T}}$ of the dineutrino system, the minimum distance in azimuthal angle between $\vec{p}^{vv}_{\textrm{T}}$ and leptons, and in two dimensions in bins of both observables. The measurements are performed using CERN LHC proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, recorded by the CMS detector between 2016 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The measured cross sections are unfolded to the particle level using an unregularized least squares method. Results are compared with predictions by the standard model of particle physics, and found to be in agreement with theoretical calculations as well as Monte Carlo simulations.

Hadron-Hadron Scattering↗

DOE OSTI2020

Reflectance of Silicon Photomultipliers at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths

Characterization of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is important for large-scale SiPM-based photodetector systems. In this work, we report the angular dependence of the specular reflectance in vacuum of SiPMs manufactured by Fondazionc Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) over wavelengths ranging from 120 to 280 nm. Refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin silicon-dioxide film deposited on the surface of the FBK SiPMs are derived from reflectance data of an FBK silicon wafer with the same deposited oxide film as SiPMs. The diffuse reflectance of SiPMs is also measured at 193 nm. We use the VUV spectral dependence of the optical constants to predict the reflectance of the FBK silicon wafer and FBK SiPMs in liquid xenon.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Effects of cleavable comonomer structure and crosslinker chemistry on the performance and deconstructability of frontally cured pDCPD composites

Reclaiming undamaged carbon fiber from thermoset composites requires chemical recycling methods that leverage complete deconstruction of the polymer matrix. Cleavable comonomers enable chemical recycling of poly(dicyclopentadiene) (pDCPD) composites, but current systems suffer from reduced glass transition temperature (T g ), limiting application. Here, we investigate the effect of cleavable comonomer loading and cleavable crosslinker chemistry on network formation, thermomechanical properties, and fiber recovery in frontally cured pDCPD composites. All formulations fully deconstructed in acid and recovered fibers ranged from pristine to variably contaminated depending on crosslinker chemistry. Reducing backbone-cleaving comonomer content and introducing cleavable crosslinkers raised composite T g to 126–138 °C compared to 105 °C previously reported in deconstructable pDCPD composites. Although the cleavable crosslinkers increased T g in unreinforced polymers to 150–160 °C, the fiber-reinforced composite T g remained lower due to under-curing and interactions between the crosslinkers and the fiber surface. Increasing polymerization initiator loading improved comonomer conversion and yielded a deconstructable composite with T g = 151 °C, approaching the performance of non-deconstructable pDCPD composites (T g = 161 °C). This work clarifies how cleavable comonomer and crosslinker chemistry governs curing, thermomechanical performance, and reclaimed reinforcement quality, and the results highlight the need for more robust cleavable comonomers to realize multigenerational composite materials without sacrificing thermomechanical performance.

Carbon fibers↗

DOE OSTI2025

Advanced multi-modal mass spectrometry imaging reveals functional differences of placental villous compartments at microscale resolution

The placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ that links the mother and fetus, playing a crucial role in nourishing and protecting the fetus throughout pregnancy. Integrative spatial multi-omics approaches can provide a systems-level understanding of molecular changes underlying the mechanisms leading to the histological variations of the placenta during healthy pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Herein, we advance our metabolome-informed proteome imaging (MIPI) workflow to include lipidomic imaging, while also expanding the molecular coverage of metabolomic imaging by incorporating on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD). The improved MIPI workflow advances biomedical investigations by leveraging state-of-the-art molecular imaging technologies. Lipidome imaging identifies molecular differences between two morphologically distinct compartments of a placental villous functional unit, syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and villous core. Next, our advanced metabolome imaging maps villous functional units with enriched metabolomic activities related to steroid and lipid metabolism, outlining distinct molecular distributions across morphologically different villous compartments. Complementary proteome imaging on these villous functional units reveals a plethora of fatty acid- and steroid-related enzymes uniquely distributed in STB and villous core compartments. Integration across our advanced MIPI imaging modalities enables the reconstruction of active biological pathways of molecular synthesis and maternal-fetal signaling across morphologically distinct placental villous compartments with micrometer-scale resolution.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗