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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2018

Second-Generation Design of Micro-Spec: A Medium-Resolution, Submillimeter-Wavelength Spectrometer-on-a-Chip

Micro-Spec (μ-Spec) is a direct-detection spectrometer which integrates all the components of a diffraction-grating spectrometer onto a ∼10-cm2 chip through the use of superconducting microstrip transmission lines on a single-crystal silicon substrate. A second-generation μ-Spec is being designed to operate with a spectral resolution of 512 in the submillimeter (500-1000 μm, 300-600 GHz) wavelength range, a band of interest for several spectroscopic applications in astrophysics. High altitude balloon missions would provide the first test bed to demonstrate the μ-Spec technology in a space-like environment and would be an economically viable venue for multiple observation campaigns. This work reports on the current status of the instrument design and will provide a brief overview of each instrument subsystem. Particular emphasis will be given to the design of the spectrometer's two-dimensional diffractive region, through which the light of different wavelengths is focused on the detectors along the focal plane. An optimization process is employed to generate geometrical configurations of the diffractive region that satisfy specific requirements on spectrometer size, operating spectral range, and performance. An optical design optimized for balloon missions will be presented in terms of geometric layout, spectral purity, and efficiency.

Cataldo, G.↗
NASA NTRS2017

S-band Smallsat InSAR Constellation for Surface Deformation Science

Surface deformation studies using repeat-pass interferometric SAR have evolved into a powerful tool for geophysicists studying earthquake fault zones, volcanoes, ice sheet motion, and subterranean aquifers. Longer wavelengths (S-Band and L-Band) are preferred because they do not decorrelate as quickly as shorter wavelengths. Rapid revisit (1-3 days) is preferred because it allows the study of these phenomena at the timescales at which they commonly occur. Global access on such timescales is also required. Vector surface deformation measurements, taken from more than one direction, are a desired feature. This paper describes the conceptual architecture of a longer wave length, Smallsat SAR constellation of up to 12 satellites for rapid revisit surface deformation studies. The key to making such a constellation affordable is to lower launch costs, spacecraft costs, and instrument (SAR) costs. The first two objectives can be achieved using an ESPA-ring class, or Smallsat spacecraft. The third objective requires a SAR instrument sized to fit the mass and volume constraints imposed by such a spacecraft. Current state-of-the-art in miniaturization of electronics means that the radar transmit, receive and data handling functions can easily be implemented in a compact, low mass solution. The most significant challenge in designing a SAR to fit the Smallsat paradigm is in the dimensions of the antenna. The antenna sizing problem is addressed by adopting a smaller antenna than allowed by conventional SAR design rules. The baseline antenna design is simple, requiring no electronic beam-steering or beam-forming capability. Both reflectarray and microstrip patch antenna solutions are considered. The antenna structure is dual-purpose, to limit the overall system mass, with solar panels on the backplane providing power for the radar and spacecraft. The proposed solution easily accommodates radar squint angles of +/-30 degrees for repeat-pass interferometry measurements from multiple direct

Freeman, Anthony↗
NASA NTRS2019

Second-Generation Micro-Spec: A Compact Spectrometer for Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Space Missions

Micro-Spec is a direct-detection spectrometer which integrates all the components of a diffraction-grating spectrometer onto a ≈ 10-sq.cm chip through the use of superconducting microstrip transmission lines on a single- crystal silicon substrate. The second generation of Micro-Spec is being designed to operate with a spectral re- solution of at least 512 in the far-infrared and submillimeter (420–540 GHz, 714–555 μm) wavelength range, a band of interest for NASA's experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping called EXCLAIM. EXCLAIM will be a balloon-borne telescope that is being designed to map the emission of redshifted carbon monoxide and singly-ionized carbon lines over a redshift range 0 < z < 3.5 and it will be the first demonstration of the Micro-Spec technology in a space-like environment. This work reviews the status of the Micro-Spec design for the EXCLAIM telescope, with emphasis on the spectrometer's two-dimensional diffractive region, through which light of different wavelengths is focused on kinetic inductance detectors along the instrument focal plane. An optimization process is used to generate a geometrical configuration of the diffractive region that satisfies l range and performance. An initial optical design optimized for n terms of geometric layout, spectral purity and efficiency.

Cataldo, Giuseppe↗
NASA NTRS1995

Fabrication and Performance of Planar Schottky Diodes with T-gate-like Anodes in 200 GHz Subharmonically-Pumped Waveguide Mixers

A T-gate-like structure has been developed, fabricated and tested as the anode for millimeter and submillimeter-wave Schottky diodes. The low parasitics of the T-anode diodes yield extremely high cutoff frequencies, making the diodes useable at frequencies well beyond 1 THz. The diodes were tested as an antiparallel-pair, integrated monolithically with microstrip circuitry on a quartz substrate, in a subharmonically pumped waveguide mixer. A double sideband noise temperature of 600 K with a conversion loss of 4.7 dB were measured at 200 GHz. This is believed to be the lowest noise temperature ever reported for a room temperature subharmonically-pumped Schottky diode mixer at this frequency.

Planar↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Developing a New Generation of Integrated Micro-Spec Far Infrared Spectrometers for the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)

The current state of far-infrared astronomy drives the need to develop compact, sensitive spectrometers for future space and ground-based instruments. Here we present details of the µ-Spec spectrometers currently in development for the far-infrared balloon mission EXCLAIM. The spectrometers are designed to cover the 555 – 714 µm range with a resolution of R = λ/∆λ = 512 at the 638 µm band center. The spectrometer design incorporates a Rowland grating spectrometer implemented in a parallel plate waveguide on a low-loss single-crystal Si chip, employing Nb microstrip planar transmission lines and thin-film Al kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). The EXCLAIM µ-Spec design is an advancement upon a successful R = 64 µ-Spec prototype, and can be considered a sub-mm superconducting photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that combines spectral dispersion and detection. The design operates in a single M=2 grating order, allowing one spectrometer to cover the full EXCLAIM band without requiring a multi-order focal plane. The EXCLAIM instrument will fly six spectrometers, which are fabricated on a single 150 mm diameter Si wafer. Fabrication involves a flip-wafer-bonding process with patterning of the superconducting layers on both sides of the Si dielectric. The spectrometers are designed to operate at 100 mK, and will include 355 Al KID detectors targeting a goal of NEP ∼8 × 10−19 W/√( Hz). We summarize the design, fabrication, and ongoing development of these µ-Spec spectrometers for EXCLAIM.

Carolyn G. Volpert↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Second-generation Micro-Spec: Spectrometer Design for the Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping

Micro-Spec (μ-Spec) is a direct-detection spectrometer that integrates all the components of a diffraction-grating spectrometer onto a ∼10-cm2 chip using superconducting microstrip transmission lines on a single-crystal silicon substrate. The second-generation μ-Spec has been designed to operate with a spectral resolution of ∼512 in the far-infrared and submillimeter (420–540 GHz, 714–555 μm) wavelength range, a band of interest for NASA’s EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM). EXCLAIM will be a high-altitude balloon mission that is being designed to map the emission of redshifted carbon monoxide and singly-ionized carbon lines over a redshift range 0 < z < 3.5. EXCLAIM will be the first demonstration of the μ-Spec technology in a space-like environment. This work reviews the status of the μ-Spec design for the EXCLAIM instrument, with emphasis on the spectrometer’s two-dimensional diffractive region, through which light of different wavelengths is focused on microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) along the spectrometer focal plane. An optimization process generates a geometrical configuration of the diffractive region that satisfies specific requirements on size, operating spectral range and performance. An initial optical design optimized for EXCLAIM is presented in terms of geometric layout, spectral purity and efficiency.

Giuseppe Cataldo↗
NASA NTRS2023

Superconducting Notch Filter for RFI Mitigation in Ground-Based Radio Telescope

This paper presents a high-rejection, thin-film HTS, microstrip bandstop filter to prevent a local and high-power RFI source from interfering with NASA GGAO’s VGOS cryogenic receiver. This filter has an excellent 2.7%, 50-dB-fractionalbandwidth and a center stop-band frequency of 9.41 GHz. It does not contain any narrow or interdigital features as found in some designs, which reduces the fringing electric fields and improves its power handling capability. The YBCO films were grown on 435-µm-thick R-plane sapphire substrate and the anisotropic behavior was modeled and simulated with a high degree of accuracy. The device was tested while cooled to 77 K and the measurements agree well with simulation.

high-temperature superconductors↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

On-chip Broadband Load Calibrators for Characterizing Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers

We describe the design and fabrication of on-chip broadband load calibrators for element-by- element and full circuit characterization of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers for cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry. Fabricated in a 4 X 4 grid on a 100 mm silicon wafer, the chips allow systematic testing of individual detector circuit elements without the need for an external blackbody source. This in-situ testing approach provides rapid and efficient characterization of various pixel designs in order to optimize the optical efficiency and control of systematic effects of the detectors. In this work, we demonstrate the on-chip calibrators on the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) W-band pixels. In particular, we investigate the loss on microstrip transmission lines and measure the performance of various designs of TESs, magic-tees, via-less crossovers, and signal terminations. We also test a filter-bank spectrometer with eight resonators spanning 80 – 105 GHz to characterize the spectral response of circuit elements across the detector bandwidth.

Sumit Dahal↗
DOE OSTI2016

Frequency mixer having ferromagnetic film

A frequency conversion device, which may include a radiofrequency (RF) mixer device, includes a substrate and a ferromagnetic film disposed over a surface of the substrate. An insulator is disposed over the ferromagnetic film and at least one microstrip antenna is disposed over the insulator. The ferromagnetic film provides a non-linear response to the frequency conversion device. The frequency conversion device may be used for signal mixing and amplification. The frequency conversion device may also be used in data encryption applications.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Data Analysis and Detector Troubleshooting for the Silicon Muon Scanner

Muon tomography is the calculation of the density distribution of a material from the probable angles of muon Coulomb scattering in a sampled object. This allows the probing of internal object structures that cannot otherwise be observed. It has many important applications for both national security and other fields, such as archaeology and geology. Its uses range from detecting radioactive material intended for nuclear weaponry to searching for hidden chambers in the Egyptian pyramids. In this project we intend to demonstrate the capability of a tomographic system which uses cosmic rays as the muon source and tracks each muon's initial and final trajectories to ascertain information about their scattering pattern. This method can be used to determine the structure or composition of an object, such as testing to see if a nuclear fuel cask is empty or full. We intend this as an early R&D exploration into the practicality of implementing silicon microstrip sensors in border scans for radioactive contraband, as an alternative to existing drift tube technology.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

A High-Voltage Silicon JFET for the HV-MUX in ATLAS ITk

We present a new kind of silicon device: a High-Voltage vertical JFET, initially conceived as a candidate for the High-Voltage Multiplexing switch in the ATLAS upgrade of the silicon microstrip Inner Tracker (ITk). It is based on a vertical structure, with the drain being the epitaxial layer. Both n-type and p-type HV-JFETs have been successfully fabricated in the silicon processing facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Probe station measurements of un-irradiated devices show low leakage currents and high breakdown voltages (up to 600V) in the OFF state, and high currents in the ON state, which satisfy the requirements for the switch, at least before irradiation. Proton and neutron irradiation are planned to test the suitability of this device at the radiation levels foreseen in the ITk.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The HPS Experiment: Searching for Dark Photons at Jefferson Lab

Recently, there has been much interest in new physics models with hidden sectors with massive U(1) gauge bosons, called heavy photons or dark photons. Heavy photons are expected on general theoretical grounds, and astrophysical evidence suggesting they might mediate dark matter annihilations and/or interactions with ordinary matter has motivated the search for a heavy photon in the mass range mA'- 20 to 1000 MeV/c2. Heavy photons couple to ordinary photons through kinetic mixing, which induces their weak coupling to electrons, so they are radiated in electron scattering and can subsequently decay into narrow e+e- resonances which can be observed above the QED background. The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment at Jefferson Lab will search for the e+e- or u+u- heavy photon decay products using a forward spectrometer that includes silicon microstrip detectors for vertexing and tracking, a PbWO4 electromagnetic calorimeter for fast triggering and electron identification, and a muon detector for muon identification. HPS will explore a large, unexplored domain in the mass/coupling plane with great sensitivity. This talk will review the experiment, with results from the recent test run and plans for future construction and data taking.

Phillips, Sarah↗
DOE OSTI2013

The Heavy Photon Search Experiment at Jefferson Laboratory

The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) is a new experiment at Jefferson Lab that will search for massive U(1) vector bosons (also known as heavy photons, dark photons, or A?) of mass 20--1000 MeV that couple to electric charge with relative coupling a'/a of 10^-5 -- 10^-10. The HPS experiment is designed to produce heavy photons by electron scattering off a fixed target, and detect them using two decay channels (e+e- or u+u- pairs) and two signatures (invariant mass resonance and displaced decay vertex). The detector is a compact, large-acceptance forward spectrometer comprising a silicon microstrip tracker for momentum measurement and vertexing, an electromagnetic calorimeter for triggering on e+e-, and a muon detector for triggering on u+u-. This talk will cover the motivations for heavy photons and give an overview of the HPS experiment.

Uemura, Sho↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spiral antenna assembly with integrated feed network structure and method of manufacture

A spiral antenna assembly with an integrated feed network and method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The spiral antenna assembly may comprise a supporting structure integrally formed with a feed network structure, thereby presenting a monolithic structure. A spiral antenna element may be disposed on a bottom surface or a top surface of the supporting structure. The feed network structure may comprise the feed network and project from a center of the top surface of the supporting structure. The feed network may comprise a microstrip balun architecture. The spiral antenna assembly may be formed by additively manufacturing the supporting structure and the feed network structure. A laser direct structuring process may write and activate the spiral antenna element on the supporting structure and the feed network on the feed network structure.

Byers, Kyle J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Charge collection study with the ATLAS ITk prototype silicon strip sensors ATLAS17LS

The inner tracker of the ATLAS detector is scheduled to be replaced by a completely new silicon-based inner tracker (ITk) for the Phase-II of the CERN LHC (HL-LHC). The silicon strip detector covers the volume 40 < R < 100 cm in the radial and | z | < 300 cm in the longitudinal directions. The silicon sensors for the detector will be fabricated using the n + -on-p 6-inch wafer technology, for a total of 22,000 wafers. Here, intensive studies were carried out on the final prototype sensors ATLAS17LS fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics (HPK). The charge collection properties were examined using penetrating 90 Sr β -rays and the ALIBAVA fast readout system for the miniature sensors of 1 cm × 1 cm in area. The samples were irradiated by protons in the 27 MeV Birmingham Cyclotron, the 70 MeV CYRIC at Tohoku University, and the 24 GeV CERN-PS, and by neutrons at Ljubljana TRIGA reactor for fluence values up to 2 × 10 15 n eq /cm 2 . The change in the charge collection with fluence was found to be similar to the previous prototype ATLAS12, and acceptable for the ITk. Sensors with two active thicknesses, 300 μ m (standard) and 240 μ m (thin), were compared and the difference in the charge collection was observed to be small for bias voltages up to 500 V. Some samples were also irradiated with gamma radiation up to 2 MGy, and the full depletion voltage was found to decrease with the dose. This was caused by the Compton electrons due to the 60 Co gamma radiation. To summarize, the design of the ATLAS17LS and technology for its fabrication have been verified for implementation in the ITk. We are in the stage of sensor pre-production with the first sensors already delivered in January of 2020.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Anomalous behaviour of DSSSDs

Double Sided Silicon Strip Detectors (DSSSDs) are often used in nuclear physics experiments in a wide energy range. According to the previous experiments, when a particle hits the interstrip region of these detectors, different effects may occur. Charge sharing, pulse height deficits and inverse polarity pulses on adjacent strips can influence the measured charge. In order to understand these effects and improve DSSSD utilization, an experiment was performed at the scanning proton microbeam of the Ruder Boskovic Institute (RBI) using low proton microbeam intensity ({approx}fA) and two DSSSDs of thickness 75 {mu}m and 998 {mu}m.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗