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DOE OSTI2022

Status of the WPEC subgroup 46 - Efficient and effective use of integral experiments for nuclear data validation

The present paper summarizes the current status of the activities of the on-going WPEC subgroup 46 which was the last significant initiative of Massimo before he passed away. The goal of WPEC/SG46 is to define, test and document a methodology to provide unambiguous feedback to the nuclear data evaluator community, based on the joint use of integral experiments and data assimilation techniques. Part of this effort resulted in a renewed analysis of the original Target Accuracy Requirement (TAR) exercise of WPEC/SG26, by adding more diverse nuclear systems and parameters, including reaction channels correlations and a coarser energy group structure; and making use of the progress made in the most recent evaluations in terms of both nuclear data and covariance matrices. The preliminary outcomes of the updated TAR exercise, documented by various groups worldwide are clear already: uncertainty reductions are required for many nuclide-reaction pairs in a variety of energy range if the target uncertainty requirements set by the industry are to be met, especially for k{sub eff}. The inclusion of correlations between the various reaction channels had a major impact on the magnitude of the required uncertainty reduction. Those uncertainty reductions are unlikely to be met by differential measurements alone. However, the selection of relevant integral experiment and a subsequent adjustment procedure may help meet these requirements. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Integrating field observations and process-based modeling to predict watershed water quality under environmental perturbations

Watersheds play a critical role in supplying water resources needed for human use and ecosystem health. Understanding and predicting how, when, and where changes in the quantity and quality of water resources occur under different environmental stresses including extreme events is crucial for sustainable management of water resources under a changing environment. However, few studies have attempted to quantify or identify the factors and process interactions controlling the impact of extreme events across water-shed systems. Only few large-scale studies include coordinated monitoring and modeling efforts, which limits our ability to assess the large-scale impact of extreme events on water supply and quality. Methods are lacking to propagate uncertainty in process understanding through an integrated hydro-biogeochemical model framework and evaluate its importance, thus failing to take full advantage of the information potentially available through transformative advances in characterization technologies from high-resolution mass spectrometry to airborne and satellite-based remote sensing. There are consequent risks to our nations water security and to human and ecosystem health that may become exacerbated with the increasing frequency of extreme events that is projected for the coming decades. This paper reviews the current status of watershed science for both water quantity and quality and identifies critical gaps in our current knowledge and modeling capability in addressing the emergent needs in predicting watershed hydrologic and biogeochemical responses (i.e., water quantity and quality) under natural and anthropogenic perturbations. We highlight the need to (1) understand how environmental perturbations including extreme events like floods and droughts propagate through watershed systems and assess their short- and long-term impacts on watershed biogeochemistry, water quality and their recovery pathways; (2) develop and improve a watershed water quality model that reflects the state of scientific understanding gained from observations; and (3) construct a data-model fusion system for watershed characterization, process identification, and mechanistic model parameterization. A large base of modeling, monitoring and data capabilities have been built by various federal government agencies given the relevance of water to their critical missions. An emerging need is to build an integrated national capability for watershed water availability and quality that can address water-related missions across multiple federal agencies.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2014

WE-E-12A-01: Medical Physics 1.0 to 2.0: MRI, Displays, Informatics

Medical Physics 2.0 is a bold vision for an existential transition of clinical imaging physics in face of the new realities of value-based and evidence-based medicine, comparative effectiveness, and meaningful use. It speaks to how clinical imaging physics can expand beyond traditional insular models of inspection and acceptance testing, oriented toward compliance, towards team-based models of operational engagement, prospective definition and assurance of effective use, and retrospective evaluation of clinical performance. Organized into four sessions of the AAPM, this particular session focuses on three specific modalities as outlined below. MRI 2.0: This presentation will look into the future of clinical MR imaging and what the clinical medical physicist will need to be doing as the technology of MR imaging evolves. Many of the measurement techniques used today will need to be expanded to address the advent of higher field imaging systems and dedicated imagers for specialty applications. Included will be the need to address quality assurance and testing metrics for multi-channel MR imagers and hybrid devices such as MR/PET systems. New pulse sequences and acquisition methods, increasing use of MR spectroscopy, and real-time guidance procedures will place the burden on the medical physicist to define and use new tools to properly evaluate these systems, but the clinical applications must be understood so that these tools are use correctly. Finally, new rules, clinical requirements, and regulations will mean that the medical physicist must actively work to keep her/his sites compliant and must work closely with physicians to ensure best performance of these systems. Informatics Display 1.0 to 2.0: Medical displays are an integral part of medical imaging operation. The DICOM and AAPM (TG18) efforts have led to clear definitions of performance requirements of monochrome medical displays that can be followed by medical physicists to ensure proper performance. However, effective implementation of that oversight has been challenging due to the number and extend of medical displays in use at a facility. The advent of color display and mobile displays has added additional challenges to the task of the medical physicist. This informatics display lecture first addresses the current display guidelines (the 1.0 paradigm) and further outlines the initiatives and prospects for color and mobile displays (the 2.0 paradigm). Informatics Management 1.0 to 2.0: Imaging informatics is part of every radiology practice today. Imaging informatics covers everything from the ordering of a study, through the data acquisition and processing, display and archiving, reporting of findings and the billing for the services performed. The standardization of the processes used to manage the information and methodologies to integrate these standards is being developed and advanced continuously. These developments are done in an open forum and imaging organizations and professionals all have a part in the process. In the Informatics Management presentation, the flow of information and the integration of the standards used in the processes will be reviewed. The role of radiologists and physicists in the process will be discussed. Current methods (the 1.0 paradigm) and evolving methods (the 2.0 paradigm) for validation of informatics systems function will also be discussed. Learning Objectives: Identify requirements for improving quality assurance and compliance tools for advanced and hybrid MRI systems. Identify the need for new quality assurance metrics and testing procedures for advanced systems. Identify new hardware systems and new procedures needed to evaluate MRI systems. Understand the components of current medical physics expectation for medical displays. Understand the role and prospect fo medical physics for color and mobile display devices. Understand different areas of imaging informatics and the methodology for developing informatics standards. Understand the current status of informatics standards and the role of physicists and radiologists in the process, and the current technology for validating the function of these systems.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗

NASA NTRS1991

A thermal shield concept for the Solar Probe mission

The Solar Probe spacecraft will travel to within 4 solar radii of the sun's center while performing a variety of fundamental experiments in space physics. Exposure to 2900 earth suns (400 W/sq cm) at perihelion imposes severe thermal and material demands on a solar shield system designed to protect the payload that will reside within the shield's shadow envelope or umbra. The design of the shield subsystem is a thermal/materials challenge requiring new technology development. While currently in the preproject study phase, anticipating a 1995 project start, shield preliminary design efforts are currently underway. This paper documents the current status of the mission concept, the materials issues, the configuration concept for the shield subsystem, the current configuration studies performed to date, and the required material testing to provide a database to support a design effort required to develop the shield subsystem.

Miyake, Robert N.↗

NASA NTRS2012

A Comparison of Combustor-Noise Models

The current status of combustor-noise prediction in the NASA Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (ANOPP) for current-generation (N) turbofan engines is summarized. Best methods for near-term updates are reviewed. Long-term needs and challenges for the N+1 through N+3 timeframe are discussed. This work was carried out under the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic Fixed Wing Project, Quiet Aircraft Subproject.

Hultgren, Lennart, S.↗

DOE OSTI2015

Status of the KATRIN experiment and prospects to search for keV-mass sterile neutrinos in tritium β-decay

In this contribution the current status and future perspectives of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) Experiment are presented. The prime goal of this single β-decay experiment is to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 200 meV (90% CL). We discuss first results of the recent main spectrometer commissioning measurements, successfully verifying the spectrometer’s basic vacuum, transmission and background properties. We also discuss the prospects of making use of the KATRIN tritium source, to search for sterile neutrinos in the multi-keV mass range constituting a classical candidate for Warm Dark Matter. Due to the very high source luminosity, a statistical sensitivity down to active-sterile mixing angles of sin² θ < 1 · 10⁻⁷ (90% CL) could be reached.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Searching for the QCD dark-matter axion

Proposed half a century ago, the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion explains the lack of charge and parity violation in the strong interactions and is a compelling candidate for cold dark matter. The last decade has seen the rapid improvement in the sensitivity and mass-range of axion experiments, as well as developments in theory regarding consequences of axion dark matter. In this review we cover the astrophysical searches and theoretical progress regarding the QCD axion. We then give a historical overview of axion searches, review the current status and future prospects of dark matter axion searches, and then discuss proposed dark matter axion techniques currently in development.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1979

Lean, premixed, prevaporized combustor conceptual design study

Phase 1 of the Lean Premixed-Prevaporized Comubstor Design Study is a nine month analytical study effort with no experimental or testing activities included. The program has the objective to design and analyze advanced combustor concepts with features for fuel premixing and prevaporization upstream of the combustion zone for use in future subsonic aircrafts with features for fuel premixing and prevaporization upstream of the combustion zone for use in future subsonic aircraft engines. All of the designs also embody some form of variable geometry for combustor flow modulation. The primary criterion for these designs is low oxides of nitrogen emissions at stratospheric cruise conditions. Four combustor concepts are being designed for the NASA/GE Energy Efficient Engine (EEE) envelope and cycle. Current status of the program is that the four concepts sized for the EEE were designed and are currently undergoing analysis and evaluation.

Ekstedt, E. E.↗

DOE OSTI2017

Cost, Supply Chain, and Manufacturing Competitiveness Issues Related to SiC-Based Variable Frequency Drives for Industrial Motor Applications

A significant fraction of industrial energy use is attributable to motor-driven systems. The use of silicon carbide (SiC) in industrial motor drives can improve efficiency and, in certain applications footprint, balance-of-system cost, and other performance metrics compared to systems using traditional silicon (Si) devices. However, adoption of these drives is currently low. Barriers to adoption include the conservative nature of the market, a lack of public sources quantifying the value proposition of technology, and supply chain issues. We present a regional bottom-up cost analysis of SiC-based power modules and variable frequency drives, as well as an analysis of the global supply chain and current status of manufacturing. These results highlight possible opportunities and challenges for potential adopters of this technology, manufacturers currently in the SiC power electronics space or looking to expand into it, and policymakers seeking to understand how to increase the adoption of these energy-efficient systems or influence where they are manufactured.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2021

The status of the Japanese material properties handbook and the challenge to facilitate structural design criteria for DEMO in-vessel components

This work summarizes the current status of the material properties handbook for a structural design using Japanese reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steel F82H. Specifically, the key structural parameters, e.g. time-independent/dependent design stresses and fatigue design curves, were determined by following the French structural design code RCC-MRx. Moreover, under the Japan–U.S. collaboration, tensile data were newly added to the benchmark heavy irradiation data up to 80 dpa, as critical input information in the intermediate check and review in Japan. Furthermore, the status of structural material data and the near-term and long-term issues were clarified by the evaluation using the attribute guides. In parallel, the structural design approaches, which were newly introduced and extended to cope with the structural design issues under the complex environmental conditions peculiar to the DEMO reactor, were noted with the initial R&D results. Of the many design issues, the multi-axial loading conditions due to the complexity of the DEMO reactor as well as the coolant compatibility and the irradiation effect are mentioned. For example, in the paper, multi-axial fatigue–creep testing and evaluation using the modified universal slope method and brittle/ductile fracture testing and evaluation using the local approach are explained toward DEMO.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2017

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events: Status and Prospects

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a large-scale double beta decay experiment utilizing cryogenic bolometers that is currently being commissioned at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy. Its primary focus is to search for the neutrino-less double beta decay of 130Te with a projected sensitivity to Majorana neutrino masses near the inverted mass hierarchy region. The detector is composed of 988 5x5x5-cm 3 TeO 2 crystals of natural isotopic composition arranged in 19 towers of 52 crystals each, all housed in a common dilution refrigerator. A single CUORE-like tower, CUORE-0, was assembled and operated as a stand-alone detector for a period of approximately two years. In this report, the results from CUORE-0 and the current status and physics potential of CUORE are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2017

the Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events: Status and Prospects

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a large-scale double beta decay experiment utilizing cryogenic bolometers that is currently being commissioned at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy. Its primary focus is to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te with a projected sensitivity to Majorana neutrino masses near the inverted mass hierarchy region. The detector is composed of 988 5x5x5-cm 3 TeO 2 crystals of natural isotopic composition arranged in 19 towers of 52 crystals each, all housed in a common dilution refrigerator. A single CUORE-like tower, CUORE-0, was assembled and operated as a stand-alone detector for a period of approximately two years. In this report, the results from CUORE-0 and the current status and physics potential of CUORE are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

NASA NTRS1989

ISO camera array development status

A short outline is given of the Infrared Space Observatory Camera (ISOCAM), one of the 4 instruments onboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), with the current status of its two 32x32 arrays, an InSb charge injection device (CID) and a Si:Ga direct read-out (DRO), and the results of the in orbit radiation simulation with gamma ray sources. A tentative technique for the evaluation of the flat fielding accuracy is also proposed.

Sibille, F.↗

NASA NTRS2004

Status and Performance of HST/Wide Field Camera 3

The HST Wide Field Camera 3 is a panchromatic UV-visible-near infrared camera whose development is currently nearing completion, for a planned installation into the Hubble Space Telescope during Servicing Mission 4. WFC3 provides two imaging channels. The UVIS channel features a 4096 x 4096 pixel CCD focal plane with sensitivity from 200 to 1000 nm and a 160 x 160 arcsec field of view. The UVIS channel provides unprecedented sensitivity and field of view in the near ultraviolet for HST. The IR channel features a 1014 x 1014 pixel HgCdTe focal plane covering 850 to 1700 nm with a 135 x 135 arcsec field of view, providing an order of magnitude increase in J+H band surveying efficiency for HST. WFC3 offers a rich complement of filters and grisms in each channel. The construction of WFC3 is nearly complete, and the instrument is well into its integration and test program. We present the current status of the instrument and its projected scientific performance.

Kimble, Randy↗

NASA NTRS2004

Status and Performance of HSTNVide Field Camera 3

Kimble, Randy↗

DOE OSTI2017

Status of the SAS4A/SASSYS-1 Safety Analysis Code

SAS4A/SASSYS-1 is a simulation tool used to perform deterministic analysis of anticipated events as well as design basis and beyond design basis accidents for advanced reactors. This report summarizes the current status of SAS4A/SASSYS-1, including the implementation of software quality assurance procedures for configuration management, new licenses, current users, and a gap assessment of the test suite. The existing copyright has been extended for an additional five years, which was essential so that Argonne can continue developing, distributing, and supporting the software for both domestic use and international collaborations. SAS4A/SASSYS-1 Version 5.2 was completed in March 2017 and released to users in May. The importance of SAS4A/SASSYS-1 maintenance reflects its relevance to a number of U.S. Department of Energy programs as well as domestic and international collaborations. External collaborations have also produced improvements in the SAS4A/SASSYS-1 code, and these are noted in this report. SAS4A/SASSYS-1 has a growing user base that continues to strengthen the promotion of advanced non-LWR reactor concepts. Additional users will help solidify DOE’s leadership role in fast reactor safety both domestically and in international collaborations.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2026

PIP-II SRF Couplers Fabrication Status and Addressing Ceramic Yield Challenges

The PIP-II project requires reliable SRF couplers to deliver high RF power to the cavities. This talk presents the current status of coupler fabrication, including progress on procurement, assembly, and testing. In particular, it focuses on the challenges encountered with ceramic window production, where limited yield has become a concern. Observed issues and inspection results will be discussed, together with the actions taken to improve quality and consistency. The path forward, including ongoing work with vendors and process adjustments, will also be outlined.

Aiazzi, Tommaso [Fermilab] (ORCID:0009000297503407↗

NASA NTRS2003

Status and Performance of HST Wide Field Camera 3

The HST Wide Field Camera 3 is a panchromatic UV-visible-near infrared camera whose development is currently nearing completion, for a planned installation into the Hubble Space Telescope during Servicing Mission 4. WFC3 provides two imaging channels. The UVIS channel features a 4096 x 4096 pixel CCD focal plane with sensitivity from 200 to 1000 nm and a 160 x 160 arcsec field of view. The UVIS channel provides unprecedented sensitivity and field of view in the near ultraviolet for HST. The IR channel features a 1014 x 1014 pixel HgCdTe focal plane covering 850 to 1700 nm with a 135 x 135 arcsec field of view, providing a substantial advance in IR survey efficiency for HST. The construction of WFC3 is nearly complete, and the instrument is well into its integration and test program. We present the current status of the instrument and its projected scientific performance when installed into HST.

Kimble, Randy↗