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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

First Results from A $Nb_3Sn$-Coated 1.5-Cell 650MHZ SRF Cavity for Cryogen-Free Industrial Accelerators

Fermilab is advancing the development of a compact, high-power electron beam accelerator using superconducting radio frequency (SRF) technology as a non-radioactive alternative to traditional radiological sources. The current design targets continuous-wave (CW) operation at \SI{1.6}{MeV} and \SI{20}{kW}. To ensure suitability for industrial environments, the system is being designed for cryogen-free operation, driving the adoption of a novel Nb$_3$Sn-coated 1.5-cell SRF cavity operating at \SI{650}{MHz}. This contribution reports on the fabrication, surface preparation, and Nb$_3$Sn coating process of the cavity, as well as first results from vertical test stand (VTS) measurements performed in a liquid helium bath. These initial tests mark a key milestone toward demonstrating the viability of conduction-cooled Nb$_3$Sn SRF cavities for industrial-scale deployment.

Tagdulang, Nikki Diala [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2026

Pre-metered coating flow models with Goma 7: Workflow Tutorial

Tutorials for modeling of slot-die and slide-die coating flows with Goma 7, an open source finite element code, are presented. The tutorials cover the workflow to attaining steady state solutions for these flows, and continuation strategies for navigating the operating windows. Advanced topics of coating window prediction, automated multiparameter continuation, non-Newtonian rheology, dynamic contact line modeling, and some more solution strategies are also covered.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Thermodynamics of Tritium Trapping by Point Defects at Interfacial Cr-based Phases of the Al Coating

Density functional theory (DFT) simulations have been carried out to evaluate the potential for tritium trapping by metal vacancies in four phases Cr-containing phases (i.e., Cr3Si, Al0.3Cr0.7, Al8Cr5-HT, and Al8Cr5) identified near the interface between the Al coating and 316 stainless steel (316 SS) cladding. In addition, an ab initio thermodynamics approach has been employed to predict the temperature and T2-partial pressure dependence on the thermodynamics of singly tritiated defects. Key results in this work suggest that metal vacancies in the four phases have the potential to favorably trap tritium species, especially Si vacancies in Cr3Si phase. This overall thermodynamic trend can be correlated to the energy cost of having an interstitial tritium in the lattice, which has been calculated to range from 0.17 eV in Al8Cr5-HT to 0.89 eV in Cr3Si. A comparison of the results from this study with previous theoretical works investigating tritium behavior in other Fe-Al phases identified in the aluminide coating, suggests that metal vacancies are generally able to trap tritium in various Fe-Al aluminide phases. Especially, it was found that Si and Al vacancies would be the most efficient to trap for tritium, followed by Cr vacancies, then Fe and Ni vacancies. In the four Cr-based material phases investigated in this work, it is interesting to note that, in the absences of Fe or Ni species, strong interactions between tritium and the metal vacancies are always occurring by the formation of preferential Cr—T bonds (i.e., no Si—T or Al—T bonds were formed).

Sassi, Michel J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Efficient Leaching of Metal Ions from Spent Li-Ion Battery Combined Electrode Coatings Using Hydroxy Acid Mixtures and Regeneration of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide

Extensive use of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles, electronics, and other energy storage applications has resulted in a need to recycle valuable metals Li, Mn, Ni, and Co in these devices. In this work, an aqueous mixture of glycolic and lactic acid is shown as an excellent leaching agent to recover these critical metals from spent Li-ion laptop batteries combined with cathode and anode coatings without adding hydrogen peroxide or other reducing agents. An aqueous acid mixture of 0.15 M in glycolic and 0.35 M in lactic acid showed the highest leaching efficiencies of 100, 100, 100, and 89% for Li, Ni, Mn, and Co, respectively, in an experiment at 120 °C for 6 h. Subsequently, the chelate solution was evaporated to give a mixed metal-hydroxy acid chelate gel. Pyrolysis of the dried chelate gel at 800 °C for 15 h could be used to burn off hydroxy acids, regenerating lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, and the novel method presented to avoid the precipitation of metals as hydroxide or carbonates. The Li, Ni, Mn, and Co ratio of regenerated lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide is comparable to this metal ratio in pyrolyzed electrode coating and showed similar powder X-ray diffractograms, suggesting the suitability of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid mixtures as leaching agents and ligands in regeneration of mixed metal oxide via pyrolysis of the dried chelate gel.

Electrochemistry↗
DOE OSTI2021

Improving the W Coating Uniformity by a COMSOL Model-Based CVD Parameter Study for Denser W f /W Composites

Tungsten (W) has the unique combination of excellent thermal properties, low sputter yield, low hydrogen retention, and acceptable activation. Therefore, W is presently the main candidate for the first wall and armor material for future fusion devices. However, its intrinsic brittleness and its embrittlement during operation bears the risk of a sudden and catastrophic component failure. As a countermeasure, tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (W f /W) composites exhibiting extrinsic toughening are being developed. A possible W f /W production route is chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by reducing WF 6 with H 2 on heated W fabrics. The challenge here is that the growing CVD-W can seal gaseous domains leading to strength reducing pores. In previous work, CVD models for W f /W synthesis were developed with COMSOL Multiphysics and validated experimentally. In the present article, these models were applied to conduct a parameter study to optimize the coating uniformity, the relative density, the WF 6 demand, and the process time. A low temperature and a low total pressure increase the process time, but in return lead to very uniform W layers at the micro and macro scales and thus to an optimized relative density of the W f /W composite. High H 2 and low WF 6 gas flow rates lead to a slightly shorter process time and an improved coating uniformity as long as WF 6 is not depleted, which can be avoided by applying the presented reactor model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Apparatus and method for coating bulk quantities of solid particles

An apparatus and method is described to coat small and large quantities of solid particles using atomic layer deposition, with increased material utilization and decreased cycle times. The resulting higher coating efficiency ALD process is achieved by a controlled pressure differential acting across a rotating porous vessel that contains a plurality of solid particles. The apparatus is comprised of two coaxial cylindrical porous vessels with a means for one to rotate, and a two stage rotary feedthrough with a specialized hollowed out shaft, which enables both rotation of the vessel and reactant, purge, and product gas transport across a particle bed that undergoes mixing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cold spray chromium coating for nuclear fuel rods

A method is provided for coating the substrate of a component, such as a zirconium alloy cladding tube, for use in a water cooled nuclear reactor under normal operating conditions and under high temperature oxidation conditions. The method includes heating a pressurized carrier gas to a temperature between 200° C. and 1200° C., adding chromium or chromium-based alloy particles having an average diameter of 20 microns or less to the heated carrier gas, and spraying the carrier gas and particles onto the substrate at a velocity, preferably from 800 to 4000 ft./sec. (about 243.84 to 1219.20 meters/sec.), to form a chromium and/or chromium-based alloy coating on the substrate to a desired thickness.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Energy storage devices having coated passive components

The present invention provides various passive electronic components comprising a layer of coated particles, and methods for producing and using the same. Some of the passive electronic components of the invention include, but are not limited to conductors, resistors, current collectors, capacitors, piezoelectronic devices, inductors and transformers. The present invention also provides energy storage devices and electrode layers for such energy storage devices having passive, electrically-conductive particles coated with one or more thin film materials.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Protective aluminum oxide surface coatings and low-temperature forming process for high-temperature applications

A method of both coating a substrate with aluminum oxide and infusing the substrate with elemental aluminum is disclosed. In one example, the method includes providing a metal powder/polymer binder slurry, the slurry having a solvent, an organic binder, metal granules and a seed element, wherein the metal granules include Al; dispersing the slurry upon a Cr-containing surface; after dispersing the slurry, exposing the slurry to air and maintaining the temperature of the slurry and substrate below 110° C. to remove at least a portion of the solvent from the slurry; and, in a combined step, both exposing the binder, metal granules and substrate to air and heating the remaining slurry and substrate at a temperature less than or equal to 1000° C. to both diffuse at least a portion of the metal of the metal granules into the substrate and coat the substrate with aluminum oxide.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

BISON capability and validation for U3Si2, Cr2O3-doped UO2, FeCrAl, and Cr-coated Zircaloy ATF concepts

Development, implementation, and validation of material and behavior models for accident tolerant fuel (ATF) concepts in the BISON fuel performance code began in 2014 in response to the events that occurred at the Fukushima Daichii nuclear power plant in March 2011. Early on, the focus was on U3Si2 fuel and FeCrAl cladding as part of a high-impact problem through the Nuclear Energy and Advanced Model- ing Simulation program [1]. Then, developments for Cr2O3- doped UO2 fuel, as well as SiC-SiC and Cr-coated Zircaloy cladding began based upon industry interests. Near the end of fiscal year 2018 the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors took over further Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) work in BISON in support of Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) engagement. Discussions with the NRC clarified their list of priority fuel and cladding concepts, which included Cr2O3-doped UO2 and U3Si2 fuels, as well as Cr-coated Zircaloy and FeCrAl claddings. Further, reports similar in form to NUREG/CR-7024 [2] that was developed for traditional light water reactor (LWR) materials, UO2 fuel with Zircaloy claddings were created for the priority fuel and cladding concepts. In this paper select details from the reports entitled "ATF material model development and validation for priority fuel concepts" [3] and "ATF material model development and validation for priority cladding concepts" [4] are presented. First, a brief overview of the available models and their associated uncertainty are provided for the priority fuel and cladding concepts. Then, for the concepts with experimental data, comparisons between simulation and experiment are shown taking into account forward uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques. For the concepts without publicly available experimental data, parametric studies incorporating forward UQ are completed to verify claims made about the materials’ behavior.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Graphene-coated metal oxide spinel cathodes

Disclosed herein are graphene-coated lithium manganese oxide spinels cathodes for high-performance batteries Li-ion batteries and methods for making thereof. A single-layer graphene coating is shown to significantly reduce manganese loss in the cathodes while concurrently promoting the formation of a well-defined solid electrolyte interphase layer.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Curable polysiloxane compositions and slippery materials and coatings and articles made therefrom

The present teachings generally provide curable polysiloxane compositions including a base resin including a surface active polymer. Articles of manufacture including the curable polysiloxane compositions and slippery coatings and materials also are provided. The compositions may be used to provide slippery, lubricious, or repellent materials and coatings and may provide anti-fouling function. The compositions can provide anti-fouling or foul-release function on open surfaces, internal surfaces, membranes; to provide pinning free or low contact angle hysteresis surfaces; to provide homogeneous interface to suppress nucleation; to provide a barrier layer such as anti-corrosion; to provide anti-stain, anti-smudge, anti-fingerprint, anti-soil function.

Kim, Philseok↗
DOE OSTI2021

Structures including a measurement coating and methods of forming the same

A structure includes a substrate and a coating applied over the substrate, the coating containing particles sized between 30 and 250 micrometers. A proportion of the particles to the carrier is between 40 and 70 by volume percentage. In response to excitation of the structure by a controllable excitation source, a first instrument monitors behavior of the particles to determine a first condition of the structure thereby. In response to an absence of excitation of the structure by the controllable excitation source, a second instrument monitors behavior of the particles to determine a second condition of the structure thereby.

Ely, George Ray↗
DOE OSTI2021

Lipid-coated particles for treating viral infections

The present invention relates to lipid-coated particles for treating viral infections, including viral encephalitis infections. In particular, an antiviral compound can be disposed within the lipid-coated particle, thereby providing an antiviral carrier. Methods of making and using such carriers are described herein.

Negrete, Oscar↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electroplated Au for conformal coating of high aspect ratio silicon structures

A method for electroplating a nonmetallic grating including providing a nonmetallic grating; performing an atomic layer deposition (ALD) reaction to form a seed layer on the nonmetallic grating; and electroplating a metallic layer on the seed layer such that the metallic layer uniformly and conformally coats the nonmetallic grating. An apparatus including a silicon substrate having gratings with an aspect-ratio of at least 20:1; a atomic layer deposition (ALD) seed layer formed on the gratings; and an electroplated metallic layer formed on the seed layer, wherein the electroplated metallic layer uniformly and conformally coats the gratings.

Rowen, Adam M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Composite bilayer coatings for high capacity cathodes and anodes

An electrode comprises an electrode core. A composite bilayer coating is conformally disposed on the electrode core. The composite bilayer coating comprises a first layer disposed on at least a portion of the electrode core. The first layer comprises a metal fluoride, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide. A second layer is disposed on the first layer and comprises a metal fluoride, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide.

Mane, Anil U.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Energy storage devices having coated passive components

The present invention provides various passive electronic components comprising a layer of coated particles, and methods for producing and using the same. Some of the passive electronic components of the invention include, but are not limited to conductors, resistors, current collectors, capacitors, piezoelectronic devices, inductors and transformers. The present invention also provides energy storage devices and electrode layers for such energy storage devices having passive, electrically-conductive particles coated with one or more thin film materials.

King, David M.↗