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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Contextualizing Wind Turbine Blade Waste: Comparison to Other Global Waste Streams

Worldwide wind energy generation capacity has grown rapidly over the past several decades, and wind turbines installed at the beginning of this wave of growth are approaching the end of their design lifetimes. As an increasing number of wind power plants reach their end of life, both decommissioning and repowering (i.e., dismantling or refurbishing existing turbines and commissioning new ones) will produce waste material from the retired wind turbines, foundations, and balance of plant. However, the amount and type of waste, particularly for wind blades, is often mischaracterized. Although wind turbine components are largely recyclable, the blades are typically made of fiberglass composites, which can present challenges for material recovery and reuse. Within the USA, the accumulation of wind turbine blades in landfills has raised questions about whether the continued expansion of wind energy is sustainable if it results in substantial future waste. This study compares the mass and volume of potential global wind blade waste to other waste streams. It also discusses the materials used to manufacture wind turbine blades and summarizes current options for material redesign, recycling (recovery and reuse), repurposing, and disposal of used blades. The analysis indicates that, although wind turbine blades could represent 14% of the composite market by 2027, the potential future mass and volume of wind turbine blade waste is relatively small compared to other industries. These findings suggest that although the development of scalable, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable methods for wind turbine manufacturing, repurposing, and recycling is important, it may make sense to take advantage of synergies among multiple industries in recycling composite waste, rather than focusing solely on wind turbine blades. From a global perspective, larger sustainability, recycling, and waste stream reduction impacts can be made in other industries, such as transportation and construction.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Wind Vision: Updating the DOE 20% Wind Energy by 2030 Report (Poster)

The 20% Wind Energy by 2030 report was developed as part of the Advanced Energy Initiative. Published in 2008, the report was largely based on information collected and analyzed in 2006. Much has changed since then, including shifts in technology, markets, and policy. The industry needs a new, clear, vision for wind power that is shared among stakeholders from the U.S. government, industry, academia, and NGO communities. At WINDPOWER 2013, the U.S. Department of Energy, in partnership with the American Wind Energy Association and the Wind Energy Foundation, launched a project to update the 20% report with new objectives. This conference poster outlines the elements of the new Wind Vision.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Decoding Golden Eagle Movement Behavior from High-Resolution, Variable-Rate Telemetry Data Through Bayesian Filtering

The recent advances in animal tracking technology have enabled the collection of a vast amount of in situ data regarding the movement of wildlife at high spatiotemporal resolution. These data are usually available at variable time resolutions and contains noise (error) originating from GPS fixes. Decoding movement characteristics, particularly of flying animals, from telemetry data while handling these factors is a challenging yet important task for conservation purposes. Typically, this task is broken into two subtasks: resampling, and model calibration. The resampling subtask converts the variable rate positional data into a constant time interval data, while the model calibration subtask uses the resampled data to tune time-invariant parameters of the proposed models. For telemetry data at high temporal resolutions (order of 1 second), it is very challenging to decouple noise from actual movements using interpolation-based resampling techniques. Any errors introduced during resampling can significantly alter the the calibration and prediction attributes of the movement model. We address this problem through a unified Bayesian state-space framework that can handle both the resampling and calibration tasks in a single step. In addition, we use the speed and heading of the bird from telemetry data to regularize the position information of the bird. We use a Kalman filtering approach to include these nonlinearly related motion parameters within the state space framework. We cross-validated to quantify how this inclusion affects the model performance in estimating true bird movements. The relationship between the true state of the bird and environmental and topographical covariates is then represented parametrically. These parameters are then tuned using stochastic sampling strategies like Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We use the telemetry data collected from golden eagles in the western USA to demonstrate the applicability of this approach to build a predictive, probabilistic movement model. Our preliminary results show that this approach provides improved predictive performance in terms of capturing higher-order motion parameters such as angular and horizontal accelerations, which may have simpler and more direct relationships with environmental covariates than corresponding speeds. In this talk, we will demonstrate how this state-space approach benefits the prediction capabilities of a movement model in simulating golden eagle paths through a wind power plant in Wyoming given certain atmospheric conditions. The model outcomes are aimed at informing mitigation strategies that can minimize the potential for collisions of golden eagles with wind turbines.

Bayesian methods↗
DOE OSTI2019

Increasing Wind Turbine Tower Heights: Opportunities and Challenges

This report has two primary objectives. First, it seeks to inform the opportunities and potential associated with increasing wind turbine hub heights. It also explores the conditions and locations where taller towers offer the most significant potential to increase wind technology performance and reduce costs. The second objective is to examine the status of tall tower technology as a key subcomponent of wind power advancement.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Standardized Software for Wind Load Forecast Error Analyses and Predictions Based on Wavelet-ARIMA Models - Applications at Multiple Geographically Distributed Wind Farms

Given the multi-scale variability and uncertainty of wind generation and forecast errors, it is a natural choice to use time-frequency representation (TFR) as a view of the corresponding time series represented over both time and frequency. Here we use wavelet transform (WT) to expand the signal in terms of wavelet functions which are localized in both time and frequency. Each WT component is more stationary and has consistent auto-correlation pattern. We combined wavelet analyses with time series forecast approaches such as ARIMA, and tested the approach at three different wind farms located far away from each other. The prediction capability is satisfactory -- the day-ahead prediction of errors match the original error values very well, including the patterns. The observations are well located within the predictive intervals. Integrating our wavelet-ARIMA (‘stochastic’) model with the weather forecast model (‘deterministic’) will improve our ability significantly to predict wind power generation and reduce predictive uncertainty.

uncertainty analysis, wind generation forecast, wa↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design analysis of a particle-based thermal energy storage system for concentrating solar power or grid energy storage

Energy storage is becoming indispensable for expanding renewable energy integration, and it is critical to the future low-carbon energy supply. Large-capacity, grid scale energy storage can support the integration of solar and wind power and support grid resilience with the diminishing capacity of baseload fossil power plants. With the development of thermal energy storage (TES) for concentrating solar power systems, standalone TES for grid integration becomes attractive due to the declining renewable generation cost and an increasing need for energy storage. The standalone TES system introduced in this paper can play a big role in the carbon-free energy future with capacity larger than batteries and cost likely lower than other energy storage methods such as pumped storage hydropower and compressed air energy storage, both of which also have geological limitations. To this end, we describe a TES system that uses stable, inexpensive solid particles as a TES media to provide scalable, low cost energy storage. The particle-based TES has the ability to drive various thermal power cycles including conventional steam-Rankine, air Brayton turbine with combined-cycle ability, or the emerging supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycle. This work describes the containment design method including a concrete silo and an internal-insulation layer for the particle-TES system. The economic analysis shows significantly low storage cost when the particle-TES is integrated with Brayton combined-cycle power generation. The paper shows the design approach of the particle-TES system and its economic potential for bulk energy storage. The advantage of the particle-TES system as a promising bulk energy storage method is its ability to economically support dispatchable renewable grid penetration for larger capacity and longer discharging hours than current battery storage technologies.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Indiana: Indiana's Clean Energy Resources and Economy [Brochure]

Strong in clean energy manufacturing, renewables, and efficiency technologies, Indiana ranks in the top third of states in wind energy potential, with a capacity of more than 148,227 megawatts—enough to generate more than four times the state’s current electricity consumption. The four utility-scale wind power plants currently operating in Indiana generate more than 1,000 megawatts—up from virtually zero in 2005. Several dozen Indiana companies produce components, tools, or materials for the wind energy industry. Indiana’s automotive manufacturing industry employed more than 84,000 people and produced more than $\$$8 billion worth of goods in 2010. Several of Indiana’s auto and auto part manufacturers have entered or are preparing to enter the growing clean transportation sector. Indiana is one of 20 states with a binding energy savings target. The annual savings target starts at 0.3% in 2010 and will ramp up to 2% in 2019. By 2019, this effort is expected to save more than 2.3 million megawatt hours—$\$$177 million worth of electricity—per year statewide. Indiana utility companies also sponsor 43 rebate programs for energy efficiency and renewable energy, as well as a loan program for residential energy efficiency improvements.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1981

Evaluation of a wind turbine electric power generator

A technical assessment of the aerodynamic performance of the wind wheel turbine (WWT) is reported. The potential of the WWT in utilizing wind as an alternate power source was evaluated. Scaling parameters were developed to predict the aerodynamic performance of WWT prototype sized to produce 3, 9, 30, and 100 kw outputs in a 6.7 m/sec wind.

Swim, W. B.↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the predominance of unstable atmospheric conditions in the marine boundary layer offshore of the U.S. northeastern coast

Abstract The marine boundary layer of the northeastern U.S. is studied with focus on wind speed, atmospheric stability, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the three most relevant properties in the context of offshore wind power development. Two long‐term observational data sets are analyzed. The first one consists of multilevel meteorological variables measured up to 60 m during 2003–2011 at the offshore Cape Wind tower, located near the center of the Nantucket Sound. The second data set comes from the 2013–2014 IMPOWR campaign (Improving the Modeling and Prediction of Offshore Wind Resources), in which wind and wave data were collected with new instruments on the Cape Wind platform, in addition to meteorological data measured during 19 flight missions offshore of New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. It is found that, in this region: (1) the offshore wind resource is remarkable, with monthly average wind speeds at 60 m exceeding 7 m s −1 all year round, highest winds in winter (10.1 m s −1 ) and lowest in summer (7.1 m s −1 ), and a distinct diurnal modulation, especially in summer; (2) the marine boundary layer is predominantly unstable (61% unstable vs. 21% neutral vs. 18% stable), meaning that mixing is strong, heat fluxes are positive, and the wind speed profile is often nonlogarithmic (~40% of the time); and (3) the shape of the wind speed profile (log versus nonlog) is an effective qualitative proxy for atmospheric stability, whereas TKE alone is not.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

National Wind Plant Database

This database provides detailed information on wind power plants across the US. The database contains records from EIA 860, including plant names, turbine counts, installed capacity, etc. Individual turbine-level data is derived from the U.S. Wind Turbine Database, which provides geographic coordinates and technical specifications for individual wind turbines.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Value of Distributed Wind: A Valuation Framework

While there has been an increase in distributed energy resource (DER) adoption, particularly for solar photovoltaic (PV) DERs, distributed wind deployment is still relatively low. However, distributed wind has significant growth potential for behind-the-meter applications and can provide improved resource diversity and resilience in high-DER grid systems. In order to make optimized decisions about distributed wind deployment, it is important to identify and characterize the value streams of distributed wind in a way that will help policy makers, microgrid developers, utilities, project developers, and others understand the potential value of distributed wind. In our paper, we develop a framework to provide a consistent and comprehensive approach to finding the net benefits of distributed wind to various stakeholders in different scenarios. We do this by considering the main use cases for distributed wind, and then developing a framework which is flexible for these various use cases and the relevant stakeholders while maintaining the same overall structure for analysis. Ongoing work includes applying this framework to valuing two distributed wind power systems, one in a remote village in Alaska and one in a front-of-the-meter deployment in Iowa. Our analysis aims to understand the full value that distributed wind is providing in these systems, including the resilience benefits it is contributing. As a better understanding of distributed wind valuation is gained, it will be easier for stakeholders to make informed decisions in order to have resilient renewable energy systems.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1980

The contribution of young galaxies to the X-ray background

The contribution of young galaxies to the diffuse X-ray background is estimated and two mechanisms by which young galaxies may emit hard X-rays are considered. The first mechanism is direct thermal bremsstrahlung emission from a hot galactic wind powered by supernovae. Estimating mass-loss rates from galaxies by arguments based on metallicity and on the X-ray spectroscopic observations of rich clusters, it is shown that galactic winds may contribute substantially to the background. The second mechanism relies on the decreased metallicity of young galaxies to increase the number of supergiant stars and hence the numbers of hard X-ray binaries. This effect quantitatively explains the relatively large X-ray luminosity of the Magellanic clouds and also indicates that binaries in young galaxies may contribute a significant fraction of the diffuse X-ray background. Both mechanisms require that the epoch of galaxy formation be recent (redshift less than 2-3) in order to account for the observed spectral temperature (45 keV) of the hard X-ray background.

Bookbinder, J.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Power-Domain Impedance Theory for the Analysis and Mitigation of Interarea Oscillations: Preprint

This paper presents an impedance-based theory for the analysis and mitigation of interarea oscillations in power systems. Because low-frequency power system oscillations primarily manifest in phasor quantities, including active and reactive power flows, and the magnitude and frequency of bus voltages, a new-type of impedance, called power-domain impedance, is defined in terms of these phasor quantities. The power-domain impedance provides an intuitive framework for the analysis of interarea oscillations without requiring internal details of generators, and it is ideally suited for developing oscillation damping controls in inverter-based resources. The power-domain impedance theory is demonstrated in this paper using PSCAD simulations of a two-area system. The theory is also used for designing damping control in synchronous generators and a wind power plant in the two-area system.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2015

Aquantis C-Plane Ocean Current Turbine Project

The Aquantis 2.5 MW Ocean Current Generation Device technology developed by Dehlsen Associates, LLC (DA) is a derivation of wind power generating technology (a means of harnessing a slow moving fluid) adapted to the ocean environment. The Aquantis Project provides an opportunity for accelerated technological development and early commercialization, since it involves the joining of two mature disciplines: ocean engineering and wind turbine design. The Aquantis Current Plane (C-Plane) technology is an ocean current turbine designed to extract kinetic energy from a current flow. The technology is capable of achieving competitively priced, continuous, base-load, and reliable power generation from a source of renewable energy not before possible in this scale or form.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2019

Benchmarking Anticipated Wind Project Lifetimes: Results from a Survey of U.S. Wind Industry Professionals

This paper draws on a survey of wind industry professionals to clarify trends in the expected useful life of land-based wind power plants in the United States. The expected useful life of a project affects expectations about its profitability, the timing of possible decommissioning or repowering, and its levelized costs. We find that most wind project developers, sponsors and long-term owners have increased project-life assumptions over time, from a typical term of ~20 years in the early 2000s to ~25 years by the mid-2010s and ~30 years more recently. Current assumptions range from 25 to 40 years, with an average of 29.6 years. The estimated average levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for new wind projects built in 2018 is $\$ $40.4/MWh (real 2018$\$ $), assuming a 20-year project life. With a 25-year useful life and no change in assumed operations and maintenance (O&M) expenditures or wind plant performance over time, LCOE declines by 10%, to $\$ $36.2/MWh, because capital costs are recovered over five additional years of production. At the now-common 30-year assumed life, levelized costs decrease another 7%, to $\$ $33.5/MWh (under the same unaltered assumptions about O&M and performance). Even longer assumed lifetimes lead to further (but diminishing) LCOE reductions—e.g., to $\$ $31.7/MWh and $\$ $30.3/MWh for 35- and 40-year lives, respectively. The data and trends presented here may inform assumptions used by electric system planners, modelers and analysts. The results may also provide useful benchmarks to the wind industry, helping developers and assets owners to compare their expectations with those of their peers.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Stochastic DC optimal power flow with reserve saturation

We propose an optimization framework for stochastic optimal power flow with uncertain loads and renewable generator capacity. Our model follows previous work in assuming that generator outputs respond to load imbalances according to an affine control policy, but introduces a model of saturation of generator reserves by assuming that when a generator’s target level hits its limit, it abandons the affine policy and produces at that limit. This is a particularly interesting feature in models where wind power plants, which have uncertain upper generation limits, are scheduled to provide reserves to balance load fluctuations. Here, the resulting model is a nonsmooth nonconvex two-stage stochastic program, and we use a stochastic approximation method to find stationary solutions to a smooth approximation. Computational results on 6-bus and 118-bus test instances demonstrate that by considering the effects of saturation, our model can yield solutions with lower expected generation costs (at the same target line violation probability level) than those obtained from a model that enforces the affine policy to stay within generator limits with high probability.

17 WIND ENERGY↗