Results for “Source Term Analysis” — Page 41

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Performance of the Dragonfly Mass Spectrometer (DraMS) Programmable UV Laser Source Engineering Test Unit (ETU)

NASA’s Dragonfly mission will sample surface materials from multiple sites on Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, in exploration of its potential for prebiotic chemistry. We report on the performance of our short-pulsed UV laser transmitter, developed for the Dragonfly’s on-board Mass Spectrometer (DraMS). Our engineering test unit (ETU) has completed flight qualification and demonstrated its operational science requirements, such that the final flight unit build can begin. The Titan Hydrocarbon Analysis Nanosecond Optical Source (THANOS) ETU laser produces 266 nm laser pulses at programmable energy levels in order to create high resolution laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) measurements. The laser operates in short bursts of 1-50 pulses, each at < 2 ns pulse width, at a 100 Hz repetition rate. Creating a sealed Titanium unit, capable of operation on the extreme environment of Titan’s surface was a major engineering challenge. The laser successfully demonstrated its ability to meet all operational requirements in terms of pulse energy, beam pointing on target and repeatability even after extensive environmental testing.

Matthew W Mullin↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Performance of the Dragonfly Mass Spectrometer (DraMS) Programmable UV Laser Source Engineering Test Unit (ETU)

NASA’s Dragonfly mission will sample surface materials from multiple sites on Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, in exploration of its potential for prebiotic chemistry. We report on the performance of our short-pulsed UV laser transmitter, developed for the Dragonfly’s on-board Mass Spectrometer (DraMS). Our engineering test unit (ETU) has completed flight qualification and demonstrated its operational science requirements, such that the final flight unit build can begin. The Titan Hydrocarbon Analysis Nanosecond Optical Source (THANOS) ETU laser produces 266 nm laser pulses at programmable energy levels in order to create high resolution laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) measurements. The laser operates in short bursts of 1-50 pulses, each at < 2 ns pulse width, at a 100 Hz repetition rate. Creating a sealed Titanium unit, capable of operation on the extreme environment of Titan’s surface was a major engineering challenge. The laser successfully demonstrated its ability to meet all operational requirements in terms of pulse energy, beam pointing on target and repeatability even after extensive environmental testing.

Matthew Mullin↗

NASA NTRS2002

The Living With a Star CDAW on the Solar and Geospace Connections of Solar Energetic Particles

The Living With a Star Program is sponsoring its first CDAW (Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop) to be held July 23-26, 2002 at a conference support location near the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This CDAW's topic is Solar Energetic Particle events. The topic was chosen due to the breadth of the impact of SEP's on the space environment and terrestrial climate. General goals of the LWS CDAW are a) Stimulate LWS Science on the near term, b) Facilitate cross-disciplinary interaction between the LWS scientific and space environment communities, c) Produce science products for all potential users, and d) Assist in the development of the LWS data system. The workshop will proceed similar to a previous CDAW held in 1999 on Interplanetary Type 11 Shocks. A list of target events has been compiled, which can be found at the workshop home page. The page lists all of the SEP events from 1996 January to 2001 December with energy > 10 MeV particle intensities exceeding 10 PFU. Preparation for the workshop consists of identifying relevant data from a wide variety of sources (solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric and climatary), accumulating the data (frequently this consists of both raw data, processed data and plots to ease perusal during the workshop) and gathering the software tools. Participants in the workshop are expected to complete their contributions of data or models prior to arriving at the workshop. Most of the CDAW consists of joint analysis of this data; only a few introductory talks are given at the beginning of the workshop, with the rest of the time being devoted to producing scientific results. Additional symposia may be scheduled at a later date, which will allow a venue for scientific talks on the CDAW results and associated science. The poster will list the scientific goals of the workshop, as well as a scientific discussion of the data which has been accumulated thus far.

Thompson, Barbara J.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Correction and verification of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer analysis on Wendelstein 7-X through x-ray ray tracing

X-ray ray tracing is used to develop ion-temperature corrections for the analysis of the X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer (XICS) used at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and perform verification on the analysis methods. The XICS is a powerful diagnostic able to measure ion-temperature, electron-temperature, plasma flow, and impurity charge state densities. While these systems are relatively simple in design, accurate characterization of the instrumental response and validation of analysis techniques are difficult to perform experimentally due to the requirement of extended x-ray sources. For this reason, a ray tracing model has been developed that allows characterization of the spectrometer and verification of the analysis methods while fully considering the real geometry of the XICS system and W7-X plasma. Through the use of ray tracing, several important corrections have been found that must be accounted for in order to accurately reconstruct the ion-temperature profiles. The sources of these corrections are described along with their effect on the analyzed profiles. The implemented corrections stem from three effects: (1) effect of sub-pixel intensity distribution during de-curving and spatial binning, (2) effect of sub-pixel intensity distribution during forward model evaluation and generation of residuals, and (3) effect of defocus and spherical aberrations on the instrumental response. Possible improvements to the forward model and analysis procedures are explored, along with a discussion of trade-offs in terms of computational complexity. Finally, the accuracy of the tomographic inversion technique in stellarator geometry is investigated, providing for the first time a verification exercise for inversion accuracy in stellarator geometry and a complete XICS analysis tool-chain.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2024

Harnessing the predicted maize pan-interactome for putative gene function prediction and prioritization of candidate genes for important traits

Abstract The recent assembly and annotation of the 26 maize nested association mapping population founder inbreds have enabled large-scale pan-genomic comparative studies. These studies have expanded our understanding of agronomically important traits by integrating pan-transcriptomic data with trait-specific gene candidates from previous association mapping results. In contrast to the availability of pan-transcriptomic data, obtaining reliable protein–protein interaction (PPI) data has remained a challenge due to its high cost and complexity. We generated predicted PPI networks for each of the 26 genomes using the established STRING database. The individual genome-interactomes were then integrated to generate core- and pan-interactomes. We deployed the PPI clustering algorithm ClusterONE to identify numerous PPI clusters that were functionally annotated using gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment, demonstrating a diverse range of enriched GO terms across different clusters. Additional cluster annotations were generated by integrating gene coexpression data and gene description annotations, providing additional useful information. We show that the functionally annotated PPI clusters establish a useful framework for protein function prediction and prioritization of candidate genes of interest. Our study not only provides a comprehensive resource of predicted PPI networks for 26 maize genomes but also offers annotated interactome clusters for predicting protein functions and prioritizing gene candidates. The source code for the Python implementation of the analysis workflow and a standalone web application for accessing the analysis results are available at https://github.com/eporetsky/PanPPI.

Genetics & Heredity↗

DOE OSTI2022

Concealed Cathode Degradation in Lithium-Ion Cells with a Ni-Rich Oxide

Difficulties with sourcing cobalt and the interest in increasing cell energy have motivated the development of Ni-rich oxide materials for lithium-ion battery cathodes. Despite the intense research on the topic, there is limited information available on the long-term performance of novel cathode formulations. Here, we evaluate the stability of LiNi 0.9 Mn 0.05 Co 0.05 O 2 in full-cells tested for over five months, assessing how cycling, voltage and electrolyte additives impact cathode aging. We use differential voltage analysis to extract insights about the cathode from the full-cell data and identify the isolation of cathode particles in the delithiated (charged) state as a relevant mode of aging. Importantly, this particular mechanism of cathode aging does not cause immediate cell capacity fade, causing the simple analysis of cell capacity retention to overestimate the cathode stability under the investigated conditions. So, our observations serve as cautionary tale indicating that careful analysis of data from extended testing may be required for assessing the performance of Ni-rich cathodes and for evaluating how these materials are affected by electrolyte additives.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Predicting Short-Term Deformation in the Central Valley Using Machine Learning

Land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater pumping in Central Valley, California, is a major issue that has several negative impacts such as reduced aquifer storage and damaged infrastructures which, in turn, produce an economic loss due to the high reliance on crop production. This is why it is of utmost importance to routinely monitor and assess the surface deformation occurring. Two main goals that this paper attempts to accomplish are deformation characterization and deformation prediction. The first goal is realized through the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to a series of Interferomtric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images that produces eigenimages displaying the key characteristics of the subsidence. Water storage changes are also directly analyzed by the use of data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellites and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The second goal is accomplished by building a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict short-term deformation after developing an InSAR time series using LiCSBAS, an open-source InSAR time series package. The model is applied to the city of Madera and produces better results than a baseline averaging model and a one dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) based on a mean squared error metric showing the effectiveness of machine learning in deformation prediction as well as the potential for incorporation in hazard mitigation models. The model results can directly aid policy makers in determining the appropriate rate of groundwater withdrawal while maintaining the safety and well-being of the population as well as the aquifers’ integrity.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1973

Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD) Volume 7: IPAD benefits and impact

The potential benefits, impact and spinoff of IPAD technology are described. The benefits are projected from a flowtime and labor cost analysis of the design process and a study of the flowtime and labor cost savings being experienced with existing integrated systems. Benefits in terms of designer productivity, company effectiveness, and IPAD as a national resource are developed. A description is given of the potential impact of information handling as an IPAD technology, upon task and organization structure and people who use IPAD. Spinoff of IPAD technology to nonaerospace industries is discussed. The results of a personal survey made of aerospace, nonaerospace, government and university sources are given.

Hansen, S. D.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Comparison of low-latitude ion and neutral zonal drifts using DE 2 data

We have used data from the ion drift meter and the wind and temperature spectrometer on the DE 2 spacecraft to make statistical comparisons of the zonal ion and neutral drifts at dip latitudes (DLAT) in the +/- 35 deg range over all local times. Fourier analysis indicates that the superrotation and the diurnal components of both flows are strongly peaked at the dip equator, with the superrotation term becoming negative for the absolute value DLAT greater than or equal 20 deg. One interesting feature is the presence of a period (2200-0500 solar local time) in the 300-400 km altitude region near the dip equator where the ion drift is more strongly eastward than the neutral flow. This would seem to indicate the presence of an electric field source of greater strength than the F region dynamo elsewhere along the geomagnetic field line. Model calculations indicate that a possible mechanism for this source lies in the vertical shear in the zonal neutral wind in the 100-200 km altitude region.

Coley, W. R.↗

NASA NTRS1997

Comparative Modeling Studies of Boreal Water and Carbon Balance

The coordination of the modeling and field efforts for an Intensive Field Campaign (IFC) may resemble the chicken and egg dilemma. This session's theme advocates that early and proactive involvement by modeling teams can produce a scientific and operational benefit for the IFC and Experiment. This talk will provide some examples and suggestions originating from the NASA funded IFC's of the FIFE First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment, Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research (OTTER) and predominately Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Experiments. In February 1994 and prior to the final selection of the BOREAS study sites, a group of funded BOREAS investigators agreed to run their models with data for five community types representing the proposed tower flux sites. All participating models were given identical initial values and boundary conditions and driven with identical climate data. The objectives of the intercomparison exercise were: 1) compare simulation results of participating terrestrial, hydrological, and atmospheric models over selected time frames; 2) learn about model behavior and sensitivity to estimated boreal site and vegetation definitions; 3) prioritize BOREAS field data collection efforts supporting modeling studies; 4) identify individual model deficiencies as early as possible. Out of these objectives evolved some important coordination and science issues for the BOREAS Experiment that can be generalized to IFCs and long term archiving of the data. Some problems are acceptable because they are endemic to maintaining fair and open competition prior to the peer review process. Others are logistical and addressable through application of planning, management, and information sciences. This investigator has identified one source of measurement and model incompatibility that is manifest in the IFC scaling approach. Although intuitively obvious, scaling problems are already more formally defined in the Geography literature. An example of the scaling problem will be demonstrated with Vegetation/Ecosystem Mapping and Analysis Project (VEMAP) and OTTER data.

Coughlan, J.↗

NASA NTRS2020

Pre-launch Radiometric Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis of Landsat Thermal Infrared Sensor 2

The Thermal Infrared Sensor-2 that will be on-board Landsat 9 has undergone a pre-launch testing campaign to characterize its radiometric, spectral, and spatial performance and demonstrate compliance to its requirements. This work reviews key elements of the instrument-level radiometric testing using an SI traceable source to derive its uncertainties. Those arising from on-orbit calibration using the TIRS-2 on-board blackbody are also discussed. We use a Monte Carlo approach to propagate the uncertainties through a non-linear calibration equation and address both random and systematic uncertainty terms. Achieving the required performance demonstrates the instrument’s potential for enhancing our understanding of the Earth’s environment.

Landsat↗

DOE OSTI2021

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

DOE OSTI2021

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

DOE OSTI2021

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

DOE OSTI2023

A mechanistic model of a PWR-based nuclear power plant in response to external hazard-induced station blackout accidents

Natural hazard-induced nuclear accidents, such as the Fukushima Daiichi Accident that occurred in Japan in 2011, have significantly increased reactor safety studies in understanding nuclear power plant (NPP) responses to external hazard events such as earthquakes and floods. Natural hazards could cause the loss of offsite power in nuclear power plants, potentially leading to a Station Blackout (SBO) accident that significantly contributes to the overall risk of nuclear power plant accidents. Despite the fact that extensive research has been conducted on the station blackout accident for nuclear power plant, further understanding of these events is needed, particularly in the context of the dynamic nature of external hazards such as external flooding. This paper estimates the progression of station blackout events for a generic pressurized water reactor (PWR) in response to external flooding events. The original RELAP5-3D model of the Westinghouse four-loop design pressurized water reactor was adopted and modified to simulate the external flood-induced station blackout accident, including the short-term and long-term station blackout scenarios. A sensitivity analysis of long-term station blackout, examining reactor operation times and analyzing key parameters over time, was also conducted in this work. The results of the analyses, especially the critical timing parameters of key event sequences, provide useful insights about the time during the external flooding event, which is important for plant operators to make timely decisions to prevent potential core damage. This paper represents significant progress toward developing an integrated risk assessment framework for further identifying and assessing the effects of the critical sources of uncertainties of nuclear power plant under external hazard-induced events.

Liu, Tao↗

NASA NTRS1986

Some atmospheric scattering considerations relevant to BATSE: A model calculation

The orbiting Burst and Transient Source Experiement (BATSE) will locate gamma ray burst sources by analysis of the relative numbers of photons coming directly from a source and entering its prescribed array of detectors. In order to accurately locate burst sources it is thus necessary to identify and correct for any counts contributed by events other than direct entry by a mainstream photon. An effort is described which estimates the photon numbers which might be scattered into the BATSE detectors from interactions with the Earth atmosphere. A model was developed which yielded analytical expressions for single-scatter photon contributions in terms of source and satellite locations.

Young, John H.↗

NASA NTRS1994

Modeling of the coupled magnetospheric and neutral wind dynamos

This report summarizes the progress made in the first year of NASA Grant No. NAGW-3508 entitled 'Modeling of the Coupled Magnetospheric and Neutral Wind Dynamos.' The approach taken has been to impose magnetospheric boundary conditions with either pure voltage or current characteristics and solve the neutral wind dynamo equation under these conditions. The imposed boundary conditions determine whether the neutral wind dynamo will contribute to the high-latitude current system or the electric potential. The semi-annual technical report, dated December 15, 1993, provides further detail describing the scientific and numerical approach of the project. The numerical development has progressed and the dynamo solution for the case when the magnetosphere acts as a voltage source has been evaluated completely using spectral techniques. The simulation provides the field-aligned current distribution at high latitudes due to the neutral wind dynamo. A number of geophysical conditions can be simulated to evaluate the importance of the neutral wind dynamo contribution to the field-aligned current system. On average, field-aligned currents generated by the neutral wind dynamo contributed as much as 30 percent to the large-scale field-aligned current system driven by the magnetosphere. A term analysis of the high-latitude neutral wind dynamo equation describing the field aligned current distribution has also been developed to illustrate the important contributing factors involved in the process. The case describing the neutral dynamo response for a magnetosphere acting as a pure current generator requires the existing spectral code to be extended to a pseudo-spectral method and is currently under development.

Thayer, Jeffrey P.↗

NASA NTRS1996

Computation of Lifting Wing-Flap Configurations

Research has been carried out on the computation of lifting wing-flap configurations. The long term goal of the research is to develop improved computational tools for the analysis and design of high lift systems. Results show that state-of-the-art computational methods are sufficient to predict time-averaged lift and overall flow field characteristics on simple high-lift configurations. Recently there has been an increased interest in the problem of airframe generated noise and experiments carried out in the 7 x 10 wind tunnel at NASA Ames have identified the flap edge as an important source of noise. A follow-on set of experiments will be conducted toward the end of 1995. The computations being carried out under this project are coordinated with these experiments. In particular, the model geometry being used in the computations is the same as that in the experiments. The geometry consists of a NACA 63-215 Mod B airfoil section which spans the 7 x lO tunnel. The wing is unswept and has an aspect ratio of two. A 30% chord Fowler flap is deployed modifications of the flap edge geometry have been shown to be effective in reducing noise and the existing code is currently being used to compute the effect of a modified geometry on the edge flow.

Cantwell, Brian↗