Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “SPACE PROGRAM”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Single phase synthesis and room temperature neutron diffraction studies on multiferroic PbFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}

The lead-iron-niobate, (PbFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} or PFN) was synthesized by low temperature sintering Single Step / Solid State Reaction Method. The 700 Degree-Sign C/2 hrs. calcined powder was sintered at 1050 Degree-Sign C/1 hr. The sintered pellets were characterized through X-Ray Diffraction and Neutron Diffraction at room temperature. It is found from the XRD pattern that the materials is in single phase with no traces of pyrochlore phase. It was also confirmed from the neutron diffraction pattern, the structure of PFN to be monoclinic, space group Cm. Structural studies has been carried out by refining the obtained neutron diffraction data by Rietveld refinement method using Fullprof program. The neutron diffraction pattern at 300 K (room temperature) was selected to refine the structure. The lattice parameters obtained are; a = 5.6709 A, b = 5.6732 A, c = 4.0136 A, and {alpha}= 90, {beta}= 89.881, {gamma}= 90. The P-E measurements showed hysteretic behavior with high remnant polarization.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Interactions of model biomolecules. Benchmark CC calculations within MOLCAS

We present results using the OVOS approach (Optimized Virtual Orbitals Space) aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the Coupled Cluster calculations. This approach allows to reduce the total computer time required for large-scale CCSD(T) calculations about ten times when the original full virtual space is reduced to about 50% of its original size without affecting the accuracy. The method is implemented in the MOLCAS computer program. When combined with the Cholesky decomposition of the two-electron integrals and suitable parallelization it allows calculations which were formerly prohibitively too demanding. We focused ourselves to accurate calculations of the hydrogen bonded and the stacking interactions of the model biomolecules. Interaction energies of the formaldehyde, formamide, benzene, and uracil dimers and the three-body contributions in the cytosine – guanine tetramer are presented. Other applications, as the electron affinity of the uracil affected by solvation are also shortly mentioned.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Distal substitutions drive divergent DNA specificity among paralogous transcription factors through subdivision of conformational space

Many genomes contain families of paralogs—proteins with divergent function that evolved from a common ancestral gene after a duplication event. To understand how paralogous transcription factors evolve divergent DNA specificities, we examined how the glucocorticoid receptor and its paralogs evolved to bind activating response elements [(+)GREs] and negative glucocorticoid response elements (nGREs). We show that binding to nGREs is a property of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) DNA-binding domain (DBD) not shared by other members of the steroid receptor family. Using phylogenetic, structural, biochemical, and molecular dynamics techniques, we show that the ancestral DBD from which GR and its paralogs evolved was capable of binding both nGRE and (+)GRE sequences because of the ancestral DBD’s ability to assume multiple DNA-bound conformations. Subsequent amino acid substitutions in duplicated daughter genes selectively restricted protein conformational space, causing this dual DNA-binding specificity to be selectively enhanced in the GR lineage and lost in all others. Key substitutions that determined the receptors’ response element-binding specificity were far from the proteins’ DNA-binding interface and interacted epistatically to change the DBD’s function through DNA-induced allosteric mechanisms. These amino acid substitutions subdivided both the conformational and functional space of the ancestral DBD among the present-day receptors, allowing a paralogous family of transcription factors to control disparate transcriptional programs despite high sequence identity.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

The Development of Kinetic and Radiation Hydrodynamics Modeling of Thermonuclear Burn Propagation in Isochoric p - 11 B Through the Support of the INFUSE Program

The report summarizes DOE INFUSE-supported work between HB11 Energy and the University of Rochester’s TriForce Institute to improve computational modeling of advanced fusion fuels, especially proton–boron-11 (p- 11 B). The project extended the TriForce particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision code to include physics needed for dense, high-temperature p- 11 B burn studies, including p- 11 B fusion reactions, three-alpha-particle reaction products, relativistic Coulomb collisions, large-angle nuclear scattering, bremsstrahlung radiation, inverse bremsstrahlung absorption, and photon transport. The upgraded models were verified against focused physics tests and against known deuterium–tritium burn behavior. The study then used one-dimensional spherical simulations to estimate the conditions required for thermonuclear burn propagation in isochoric p- 11 B fuel. The calculations found that burn propagation is possible in the model, but only under very extreme hot-spot conditions, such as about 7000 g/cm 3 at 500 keV or 9000 g/cm 3 at 300 keV for a 20-micron hot spot. These conditions are much more demanding than current demonstrated inertial confinement fusion hot spots. The report concludes that the INFUSE collaboration successfully advanced kinetic and radiation modeling capabilities for p- 11 B fusion and provided useful estimates of ignition requirements. However, the simulated fuel gains remain below what would be needed for practical inertial fusion energy, and further work is needed to reconcile differences among kinetic, radiation-hydrodynamic, and analytic models and to identify more achievable target designs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

IOTA (Integrable Optics Test Accelerator): Facility and experimental beam physics program

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) is a storage ring for advanced beam physics research currently being built and commissioned at Fermilab. It will operate with protons and electrons using injectors with momenta of 70 and 150 MeV/c, respectively. The research program includes the study of nonlinear focusing integrable optical beam lattices based on special magnets and electron lenses, beam dynamics of space-charge effects and their compensation, optical stochastic cooling, and several other experiments. In this article, we present the design and main parameters of the facility, outline progress to date and provide the timeline of the construction, commissioning and research. Finally, the physical principles, design, and hardware implementation plans for the major IOTA experiments are also discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Estella Atekwana: Autobiographical Notes

I describe my career journey from a young girl in Cameroon, West Africa, to a trailblazing geophysicist to my current role as dean. I chronicle my time as a student, the transition to being an early career faculty, launching my research career, and ultimately finding my way to administration. Along the way I helped pioneer biogeophysics as a subdiscipline in geophysics while simultaneously maintaining an international research program in continental rift tectonics. I also describe the many intersectionalities in my life including being the first Black woman in many spaces, being a champion for student success, developing a diverse talent pipeline by enhancing diversity in the geosciences, and navigating academic job searches as part of a dual-career couple. Finally, I acknowledge all those who helped shape my career including the many students I had the opportunity to mentor. • Many underrepresented minority geoscientists lack the social capital and professional networks critical for their success. • Geoscience departments must be intentional and deliberate in promoting and ensuring more inclusive workplace environments. • Dual-career couples remain a major challenge, impacting retention and recruitment of top talent; universities should provide resources to alleviate this challenge. • Biogeophysics has untapped potential for advancing understanding of subsurface biogeochemical processes and the search for life in extreme environments. • To date, considerable speculation remains regarding the fundamental geodynamic processes that initiate and sustain the evolution of magma-deficient rifts.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Longitudinal-Phase-Space Manipulation for Efficient Beam-Driven Structure Wakefield Acceleration

Collinear beam-driven structure wakefield acceleration (SWFA) is an advanced acceleration technique that could support the compact generation of high-energy beams for future multi-user x-ray free-electron-laser facilities*. Producing an ideal shaped drive beam through phase space manipulation is crucial for an efficient SWFA. Controlling the final longitudinal-phase space of the drive beam necessitate staged beam manipulations during acceleration. This paper describes the preliminary design of an accelerator beamline capable of producing drive beam with tailored current distribution and longitudinal-phase-space correlation. The proposed design is based on simple analytical models combined in a 1-D longitudinal beam-dynamics simulation tracking program supporting forward and backward (time reversal) tracking.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Modeling the performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries for electric-drive vehicles.

This report details the Battery Performance and Cost model (BatPaC) developed at Argonne National Laboratory for lithium-ion battery packs used in automotive transportation. The model designs the battery for a specified power, energy, and type of vehicle battery. The cost of the designed battery is then calculated by accounting for every step in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing process. The assumed annual production level directly affects each process step. The total cost to the original equipment manufacturer calculated by the model includes the materials, manufacturing, and warranty costs for a battery produced in the year 2020 (in 2010 US$). At the time this report is written, this calculation is the only publically available model that performs a bottom-up lithium-ion battery design and cost calculation. Both the model and the report have been publically peer-reviewed by battery experts assembled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report and accompanying model include changes made in response to the comments received during the peer-review. The purpose of the report is to document the equations and assumptions from which the model has been created. A user of the model will be able to recreate the calculations and perhaps more importantly, understand the driving forces for the results. Instructions for use and an illustration of model results are also presented. Almost every variable in the calculation may be changed by the user to represent a system different from the default values pre-entered into the program. The distinct advantage of using a bottom-up cost and design model is that the entire power-to-energy space may be traversed to examine the correlation between performance and cost. The BatPaC model accounts for the physical limitations of the electrochemical processes within the battery. Thus, unrealistic designs are penalized in energy density and cost, unlike cost models based on linear extrapolations. Additionally, the consequences on cost and energy density from changes in cell capacity, parallel cell groups, and manufacturing capabilities are easily assessed with the model. New proposed materials may also be examined to translate bench-scale values to the design of full-scale battery packs providing realistic energy densities and prices to the original equipment manufacturer. The model will be openly distributed to the public in the year 2011. Currently, the calculations are based in a Microsoft{reg_sign} Office Excel spreadsheet. Instructions are provided for use; however, the format is admittedly not user-friendly. A parallel development effort has created an alternate version based on a graphical user-interface that will be more intuitive to some users. The version that is more user-friendly should allow for wider adoption of the model.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2012

The BBSOLVE User's Manual (V.1.0)

The Fortran program BBSOLVE numerically solves the Balbekov/Burov equation for single bunch transverse instability. It may be used for any particle type. Forces from space charge, resistive wall and multiple resonators are included. This note describes the algorithms and their implementation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Modeling the Performance and Cost of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles (Second Edition)

This report details the Battery Performance and Cost model (BatPaC) developed at Argonne National Laboratory for lithium-ion battery packs used in automotive transportation. The model designs the battery for a specified power, energy, and type of vehicle battery. The cost of the designed battery is then calculated by accounting for every step in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing process. The assumed annual production level directly affects each process step. The total cost to the original equipment manufacturer calculated by the model includes the materials, manufacturing, and warranty costs for a battery produced in the year 2020 (in 2010 US$). At the time this report is written, this calculation is the only publicly available model that performs a bottom-up lithium-ion battery design and cost calculation. Both the model and the report have been publicly peer-reviewed by battery experts assembled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report and accompanying model include changes made in response to the comments received during the peer-review. The purpose of the report is to document the equations and assumptions from which the model has been created. A user of the model will be able to recreate the calculations and perhaps more importantly, understand the driving forces for the results. Instructions for use and an illustration of model results are also presented. Almost every variable in the calculation may be changed by the user to represent a system different from the default values pre-entered into the program. The distinct advantage of using a bottom-up cost and design model is that the entire power-to-energy space may be traversed to examine the correlation between performance and cost. The BatPaC model accounts for the physical limitations of the electrochemical processes within the battery. Thus, unrealistic designs are penalized in energy density and cost, unlike cost models based on linear extrapolations. Additionally, the consequences on cost and energy density from changes in cell capacity, parallel cell groups, and manufacturing capabilities are easily assessed with the model. New proposed materials may also be examined to translate bench-scale values to the design of full-scale battery packs providing realistic energy densities and prices to the original equipment manufacturer.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Modeling the Performance and Cost of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles, Third Edition

This Manual details the Battery Performance and Cost model (BatPaC) developed at Argonne National Laboratory for lithium-ion battery packs used in automotive transportation. The model designs the battery for a specified power, energy, and type of vehicle battery. The cost of the designed battery is then calculated by accounting for every step in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing process. The assumed annual production level directly affects each process step. The total price to vehicle manufacturers calculated by the model represent both our estimates for the present-day costs and projected costs for up to ten years in the future, depending upon the designated scale of production. BatPaC assumes that future plants with production volumes of up to 500,000 EV batteries per year would be highly automated resulting in lower capital equipment and labor costs per unit produced than present day plants that have lower production volumes. All costs are calculated in US$ for the year of the estimate with all input costs for that same year. BatPaC is the only publicly available model of which we are aware that performs a bottom-up lithium-ion battery design and cost calculation. The original model and Manual were publicly peer-reviewed by battery experts assembled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This revised model and Manual include changes made in response to the comments received from the users; most of the changes were made over a number of years and are summarized here. The purpose of the report is to document the equations and assumptions from which the model has been created. A user of the model will be able to recreate the calculations and perhaps more importantly, understand the driving forces for the results. Instructions for use and illustrations of the model results are also presented. Almost every variable in the calculation may be changed by the user to represent a system different from the default values pre-entered into the program. The distinct advantage of using a bottom-up cost and design model is that the entire power-to-energy space may be traversed to examine the correlation between performance and cost. The BatPaC model accounts for the physical limitations of the electrochemical processes within the battery. Thus, unrealistic designs are penalized in energy density and cost, unlike cost models based on linear extrapolations. Additionally, the consequences on cost and energy density from changes in cell capacity, parallel cell groups, and manufacturing capabilities are easily assessed with the model. New proposed materials may also be examined to translate bench-scale values to the design of full-scale battery packs providing realistic energy densities and prices to the original equipment manufacturer.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Addendum to the REBUS Users Guide: REBUS-PC (V.1.5)

The Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Material Management and Minimization (M3) Reactor Conversion Program uses the REBUS-PC computer code to provide reactor physics and core design information such as neutron flux distributions in space, energy, and time, and to track isotopic changes in fuel and neutron absorbers with burnup. REBUS-PC has evolved from the original REBUS code, which was created starting in the 1960’s to study large liquid metal cooled fast reactors. In particular, additional outputs were added to improve user convenience and some inputs were modified to improve the functionality of the software. REBUS and REBUS-PC both model the external cycle, and are very general codes with 1D, 2D, and 3D neutronics capabilities, and with complete fuel shuffling capabilities. REBUS remains an extremely efficient reactor analysis tool for use in fast reactor systems, and so development has continued at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to this day for non-thermal reactor applications. While retaining the efficient computational engine of REBUS, REBUS-PC has evolved to its present status with continuous development since 1999. REBUS-PC has numerous changes and enhancements directed toward the needs of the thermal reactor analyst using Windows or Linux-based computational platforms.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

LANL ASC FY23 L2 Milestone Description and Completion Criteria [Slides]

In early 2021, the ASC Program decided that Ristra should provide a production code (Moya) for LANL’s mission in the Low Energy-Density Physics application space. At the same time, Ristra should design an environment for rapid development of new codes that can answer new questions on new hardware. We started FY22 by expanding upon our R&D efforts of high-order DG methods for hydrodynamics; Technical & staffing challenges caused us to abandon this for a traditional FV SGH approach, but leveraging modern techniques. Significant changes in FleCSI (v1.4→2.x) have us writing code anew, in a co-design effort with the FleCSI and FleCSI specialization projects.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

FY24 LDRD Annual Report PDF

The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is the Lab's most significant resource for supporting internally directed research and development. It provides investments in cutting-edge science, technology, and engineering. This program expands the frontiers of knowledge, creates capabilities required by our evolving mission needs, and attracts and retains the world's most talented scientists and engineers. In this annual report, we describe the LDRD investment portfolio, provide information to demonstrate the program's value and impact to LLNL's science, technology and engineering capabilities, and showcase LDRD accomplishments across the Lab's mission space.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

SoLID Program at JLab

An overview of the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) and its scientific program will be given in this talk. SoLID is a spectrometer/detector system proposed to exploit the full potential of the Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV energy upgrade. SoLID will push the limit of luminosity frontier in hadronic physics with its unique capability to handle very high rates with large acceptance under high luminosity (1037-39/cm2/s). A rich and vibrant scientific program has been developed for SoLID, including but not limited to the precision study of the 3d nucleon structure in both momentum space using Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) and coordinate space using Deep Virtual Exclusive Reactions (DVER), probing physics beyond the Standard Model with Parity Violating Deep Inelastic Scattering (PVDIS), and investigating the gluonic field contribution to the proton structure and proton mass via J/¿ threshold production. The SoLID collaboration has developed a robust, low risk and flexible conceptual design, with a base line design capable of accomplishing its scientific goals and flexibility to adopt the cutting-edge technology. Detector subsystems have been tested with prototypes in realistic high luminosity conditions and are demonstrated to function well under extremely challenging environment to satisfy the requirements of planned experiments.

Chen, Jian-Ping [Thomas Jefferson National Acceler↗
DOE OSTI2016

THE DISTANCE TO M51

Great investments of observing time have been dedicated to the study of nearby spiral galaxies with diverse goals ranging from understanding the star formation process to characterizing their dark matter distributions. Accurate distances are fundamental to interpreting observations of these galaxies, yet many of the best studied nearby galaxies have distances based on methods with relatively large uncertainties. We have started a program to derive accurate distances to these galaxies. Here we measure the distance to M51—the Whirlpool galaxy—from newly obtained Hubble Space Telescope optical imaging using the tip of the red giant branch method. We measure the distance modulus to be 8.58 ± 0.10 Mpc (statistical), corresponding to a distance modulus of 29.67 ± 0.02 mag. Our distance is an improvement over previous results as we use a well-calibrated, stable distance indicator, precision photometry in a optimally selected field of view, and a Bayesian Maximum Likelihood technique that reduces measurement uncertainties.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

DarkNESS: A skipper-CCD NanoSatellite for Dark Matter Searches

The Dark matter Nanosatellite Equipped with Skipper Sensors (DarkNESS) deploys a recently developed skipper-CCD architecture with sub-electron readout noise in low Earth orbit (LEO) to investigate potential signatures of dark matter (DM). The mission addresses two interaction channels: electron recoils from strongly interacting sub-GeV DM and X-rays produced through decaying DM. Orbital observations avoid attenuation that limits ground-based measurements, extending sensitivity reach for both channels. The mission proceeds toward launch following laboratory validation of the instrument. A launch opportunity has been secured through Firefly Aerospace's DREAM 2.0 program, awarded to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). This will constitute the first use of skipper-CCDs in space and evaluate their suitability for low-noise X-ray and single-photon detection in future space observatories.

Alpine, Phoenix [Illinois U., Urbana (main)] (ORCI↗
DOE OSTI2019

LONGITUDINAL-PHASE-SPACE MANIPULATION FOR EFFICIENT BEAM-DRIVEN STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION∗

Collinear beam-driven structure wakefield acceleration (SWFA) is an advanced acceleration technique that could support the compact generation of high-energy beams for future multi-user x-ray free-electron-laser facilities [1]. Producing an ideal shaped drive beam through phase space manipulation is crucial for an efficient SWFA. Controlling the final longitudinal-phase space of the drive beam necessitate staged beam manipulations during acceleration. This paper describes the preliminary design of an accelerator beamline capable of producing drive beam with tailored current distribution and longitudinal-phase-space correlation. The proposed design is based on simple analytical models combined in a 1-D longitudinal beam-dynamics simulation tracking program supporting forward and backward (time reversal) tracking.

wakefield↗