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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Copper-coordinated cellulose ion conductors for solid-state batteries
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Fractal analysis of collision cascades in pulsed-ion-beam-irradiated solids [Collision cascade densities in ion pulsed ion irradiated solids { a fractal approach]
The buildup of radiation damage in ion-irradiated crystals often depends on the spatial distribution of atomic displacements within collision cascades. Although collision cascades have previously been described as fractals, the correlation of their fractal parameters with experimental observations of radiation damage buildup remains elusive. Here, we use a pulsed-ion-beam method to study defect interaction dynamics in 3C-SiC irradiated at 100 °C with ions of different masses. These data, together with results of previous studies of SiC and Si, are analyzed with a model of radiation damage formation which accounts for the fractal nature of collision cascades. Our emphasis is on the extraction of the effective defect diffusion length from pulsed beam measurements. Results show that, for both Si and SiC, collision cascades are mass fractals with fractal dimensions in the range of ~1–2, depending on ion mass, energy, and the depth from the sample surface. Within our fractal model, the effective defect diffusion length is ~10 nm for SiC and ~20 nm for Si, and it decreases with increasing cascade density. These results demonstrate a general method by which the fractal nature of collision cascades can be used to explain experimental observations and predict material’s response to radiation.
Atomic Diffusion in Solid Molecular Hydrogen
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Three-Dimensional Microstructural Imaging of Sulfur Poisoning-Induced Degradation in a Ni-YSZ Anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Quantum Critical Behavior in a Concentrated Ternary Solid Solution
The face centered cubic (fcc) alloy NiCoCr x with x ≈ 1 is found to be close to the Cr concentration where the ferromagnetic transition temperature, T c , goes to 0. Near this composition these alloys exhibit a resistivity linear in temperature to 2 K, a linear magnetoresistance, an excess –TlnT (or power law) contribution to the low temperature heat capacity and excess low temperature entropy. All of the low temperature electrical, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of the alloys with compositions near x ≈ 1 are not typical of a Fermi liquid and suggest strong magnetic fluctuations associated with a quantum critical region. The limit of extreme chemical disorder in this simple fcc material thus provides a novel and unique platform to study quantum critical behavior in a highly tunable system.
Modern Methods in Solid-state NMR: A Practioner's Guide. Chapter 1 Title: Heteronuclear Correlation Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy with Indirect Detection under Fast Magic-angle Spinning
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Solid-state coexistence of {Zr 12 } and {Zr 6 } zirconium oxocarboxylate clusters
Ligand metathesis, Co(II) coordination, and partial condensation reactions of an archetypal {Zr6} zirconium oxocarboxylate cluster result in the first example of the coexistence of the distinct zirconium oxide frameworks {Zr6O8} and {Zr12O22}. Even minor modifications to the reaction conditions push this apparent equilibrium towards the {Zr6O8}-based product.
High-temperature surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for in situ study of solid oxide fuel cell materials
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Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Solid State Electrolyte Interface (SEI) for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Li-S battery is a complicated system with many challenges existing before its final market penetration. While most of the reported work for Li-S batteries is focused on the cathode design, we demonstrate in this work that the anode consumption accelerated by corrosive polysulfide solution also critically determines the Li-S cell performance. To validate this hypothesis, ionic liquid (IL) N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Py14TFSI) has been employed to modify the properties of SEI layer formed on Li metal surface in Li-S batteries. It is found that the IL-enhanced passivation film on the lithium anode surface exhibits much different morphology and chemical compositions, effectively protecting lithium metal from continuous attack by soluble polysulfides. Therefore, both cell impedance and the irreversible consumption of polysulfides on lithium metal are reduced. As a result, the Coulombic efficiency and the cycling stability of Li-S batteries have been greatly improved. After 120 cycles, Li-S battery cycled in the electrolyte containing IL demonstrates a high capacity retention of 94.3% at 0.1 C rate. These results unveil another important failure mechanism for Li-S batteries and shin the light on the new approaches to improve Li-S battery performances.
Solid-state electrical applications of protein and peptide based nanomaterials
This review summarizes recent advancements in electrical properties and applications of natural proteins and mutated variants, synthetic oligopeptides and peptide–π conjugates.
Evaluation of Cation Migration in Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes via In-Operando X-ray Diffraction
Anode-supported SOFC button cells with LSCF-6428 cathodes were operated at various temperatures under constant current conditions for hundreds of hours in dry or humid (~3% water) cathode air while continuously collecting 1 hour XRD scans throughout the test duration. Additionally, one cell in dry air was held at OCV, and 12% CO2 was added to the humid air for another cell. Long cumulative XRD count times allowed minor phases in concentrations of less than 0.1 wt% to be identified. In humid air, cell performance increased during the first couple of hundred hours. XRD measured a gradual shift of Fe-rich Fe,Co spinel peaks to lower angles while post-mortem SEM discovered nano-nodules on the LSCF surfaces. When 12% CO2 was added to humid air, performance degradation was observed after the initial conditioning response, unlike in tests without CO2, which were stable after conditioning. XRD also measured a shift in the peaks of the major LSCF phase in the test with CO2 indicative of some degree of gradual decomposition. Cells tested at constant current in dry air exhibited fast initial degradation that decelerated over time, while the cell held at OCV maintained a stable voltage. XRD of the cathodes held at OCV at 750 °C and operated at constant current at 700 °C in dry air measured a slower shift of the Fe-rich spinel peaks to lower angles than was seen in tests in humid air, along with a shift in the peaks of a Co-rich Fe,Co spinel to higher angles. Post-mortem SEM of cells exposed to dry air discovered smaller nano-nodules on the LSCF surfaces than had been present in cells tested in humid air. Cells tested at constant current in dry air at 750 °C and 800 °C did not exhibit any gradual changes in the XRD patterns nor were nano-nodules discovered.
Adipic acid production catalyzed by a combination of a solid acid and an iodide salt from biomass-derived tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
We recently reported biomass-derived tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (THFDCA) as a potential renewable feedstock for adipic acid (AA) production by combining HI and molecular H 2 in organic acid solvents.
Ultra-strong nanotwinned Al–Ni solid solution alloys with significant plasticity
Twin boundaries have been proven effective for strengthening metallic materials while maintaining plasticity.
Decorating β′′-alumina solid-state electrolytes with micron Pb spherical particles for improving Na wettability at lower temperatures
Na wetting in a sunny-side-up shape is observed on a β′′-alumina surface decorated with micron-sized lead spherical particles.
Catalytic dehydration of levoglucosan to levoglucosenone using Brønsted solid acid catalysts in tetrahydrofuran
We explored the production of levoglucosenone from levoglucosan using propylsulfonic acid functionalized silica; 59% selectivity was obtained at 100% conversion.
A porous supramolecular ionic solid
Charge decoration provides a new synthetic strategy to integrate discrete coordination cages into an extended permanently porous material.