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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

The problem of the origin of symplectites in olivine-bearing lunar rocks

In a study of its origin in olivine-bearing lunar rocks, symplectite is grouped into the following types: (1) very abundant blebs in olivine phenocrysts, (2) scattered blebs in dunite, (3) scattered elongated masses along grain boundaries in troctolite, (4) scattered mosaic assemblages of coarser minerology along grain boundaries, (5) very abundant needle-like arrays, and (6) very abundant grains dispersed in rows. Four theories are proposed to explain the various symplectite distributions.

Bell, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Shock-induced subsolidus reduction-decomposition of orthopyroxene and shock-induced melting in norite 78235

Lunar rock 78235 is a coarse-grained igneous rock which was chipped from the top of a boulder about 1/2 m in size at Station 8 at the base of the Sculptured Hills, Taurus-Littrow Valley. The rock is a shocked coarse-grained norite with a relict subophitic texture; it is composed of about equal proportions of chromian bronzite and anorthite. Evidence is presented for the shock history of the rock. It is concluded that 78235 is a deep-seated norite of cumulate origin which has been intensely shocked. Although it may be possible to account for the observed shock-induced features by invoking a single shock event, the evidence is best explained by a history which includes at least two discrete shock events. In the first identifiable shock event much of the plagioclase was transformed to maskelynite and the associated bronzite was deformed and acquired a mosaic structure. In a later shock event, localized melting of both plagioclase pyroxene occurred.

Sclar, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Remote sensing applications to resource problems in South Dakota

The author has identified the following significant results. Change in the vegetative structure was taking place in the Black Hills. Temporal analysis of the areal extent of open meadows was accomplished using black and white and color infrared aerial photography. A reduction of nearly 1100 hectares of open meadows was determined using photointerpretation. Techniques were developed for the management of meandering lakes, including use of LANDSAT imagery for continuous monitoring, classification of hydrophytes on low altitude CIR imagery, and planning and evaluation of improvements and multiple uses on aerial photography and photo mosaics. LANDSAT data were analyzed statistically from small and entire study scene areas to determine the effect of soils stratifications of corn signatures. Band 5 early season and band 7 later season recorded the strongest evidence of the influence of soils on corn signatures. Significant strata were determined by a multiple range test.

Myers, V. I.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Information extraction from digital images of the earth and the planets

An overview is presented of recent developments at the JPL Image Processing Laboratory which emphasize the utilization of a digital computer to automate the process of information extraction from digital imagery. Consideration is given to: (1) the analysis of Viking Orbiter stereo imagery to determine elevation profiles of the Mars surface, (2) the use of Viking Lander stereo imagery to determine nonhazardous surface sample acquisition strategies, (3) the correlation of Landsat imagery with geographically referenced cultural data to determine land use trends, and (4) the generation of mosaics using digital computer techniques.

Green, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Recent developments at JPL in the application of image processing to astronomy

Four applications of image processing to astronomy, automated location and analysis of star and galaxy images, geometric and radiometric decalibration of vidicon spectra, display of multiband radio images, and generation of high resolution polarization direction and magnitude maps from images are presented with illustrative examples. The technique by which a digital image can be analyzed automatically to locate and segregate between stars and galaxies and the steps performed by the classifier to determine the nature of each object are outlined. The classification program executed on a 48 inch Schmidt plate of the cluster of galaxies 655 is described. The calibration and decalibration steps to remove geometric and radiometric distortions from a silicon vidicon camera digital spectra are discussed. Three methods of displaying multispectral radio data, generating a mosaic of each image, producing a color coded image to depict radio velocity, and producing a stereo pair with radial velocity as depth are described. The generation of polarization information from images obtained through linear polarizing filters is illustrated, and it is concluded that in each case information was displayed using digital techniques which could not readily have been provided visually.

Lorre, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

X-ray diffractometer studies of shocked materials

This study explores the utility of X-ray diffractometer scans for determination of shock pressure histories of geological materials from meteorite impact sites. The technique is based on quantification of increased crystal lattice disorder with increasing shock pressure as expressed by decreasing diffraction peak amplitude and pronounced line-broadening caused by decreasing mosaic domain size and increasing strain. The ratio of peak height (PH) to half width (HW) decreases systematically with increasing shock pressure. Data are given for experimentally shocked quartz, feldspars, pyroxene and olivine along with data for granitic materials from the Piledriver nuclear event and from the Ries Crater, Germany. Although the technique in principle may be capable of yielding relatively accurate pressure determinations, its application to naturally shocked materials may be severely limited.

Hanss, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A thermal scanning study of coastal upwelling in Lake Superior

The use of a thermal scanner to monitor the time evolution of the thermal structure of the coastal waters in Lake Superior during an upwelling event is described. Mosaics of thermal imagery from ten different times are described. Qualitative descriptions of the imagery give insight into the upwelling event. Recommendations for future use of a thermal scanner to monitor an upwelling event are discussed.

Scarpace, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Multiple-frame, full resolution Landsat mosaicking to standard map projections

Landsat digital data are presently available by frames whose size and location are determined by satellite orbit. The utility of Landsat data was increased by the image processing support for JPL's planetary program which provided the basic software and procedures necessary for image mosaicking. The computer software has been extended to perform this task on Landsat Multi-spectral scanner imagery and a ten frame digital mosaic of the Southern California desert has been completed. Major processing steps include location of geographic points in the digital frame and of common geographic points in adjacent frames, conversion to a map projection, lateral 'rubber sheet' correction of the digital frames, brightness correction of adjacent frames, and mosaicking of the frames to eliminate overlap and produce a single large frame.

Zobrist, A. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

A new look at Togo through the eyes of a SLAR

Imaging of Togo in 1977 with SLAR provided the data required for the production of map controlled radar mosaics at a scale of 1:200,000 with 95 percent of all control points at that scale within + or - 4.0 millimeters of true positions. The moasics served as the base for the generation of a revised geologic map of Togo. Aided by two looks, numerous revisions resulted, not only with the addition of previously unknown structural features, a revision of age relationships, and the refinement of unit boundaries, but also with the repositioning of rock units and the reorientation of major faults.

Dellwig, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The use of radar and LANDSAT data for mineral and petroleum exploration in the Los Andes region, Venezuela

A geological study of a 27,500 sq km area in the Los Andes region of northwestern Venezuela was performed which employed both X-band radar mosaics and computer processed Landsat images. The 3.12 cm wavelength radar data were collected with horizontal-horizontal polarization and 10 meter spatial resolution by an Aeroservices SAR system at an altitude of 12,000 meters. The radar images increased the number of observable suspected fractures by 27 percent over what could be mapped by LANDSAT alone, owing mostly to the cloud cover penetration capabilities of radar. The approximate eight fold greater spatial resolution of the radar images made possible the identification of shorter, narrower fractures than could be detected with LANDSAT data alone, resulting in the discovery of a low relief anticline that could not be observed in LANDSAT data. Exploration targets for petroleum, copper, and uranium were identified for further geophysical work.

Vincent, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Evaluation of aircraft microwave data for locating zones for well stimulation and enhanced gas recovery

Imaging radar was evaluated as an adjunct to conventional petroleum exploration techniques, especially linear mapping. Linear features were mapped from several remote sensor data sources including stereo photography, enhanced LANDSAT imagery, SLAR radar imagery, enhanced SAR radar imagery, and SAR radar/LANDSAT combinations. Linear feature maps were compared with surface joint data, subsurface and geophysical data, and gas production in the Arkansas part of the Arkoma basin. The best LANDSAT enhanced product for linear detection was found to be a winter scene, band 7, uniform distribution stretch. Of the individual SAR data products, the VH (cross polarized) SAR radar mosaic provides for detection of most linears; however, none of the SAR enhancements is significantly better than the others. Radar/LANDSAT merges may provide better linear detection than a single sensor mapping mode, but because of operator variability, the results are inconclusive. Radar/LANDSAT combinations appear promising as an optimum linear mapping technique, if the advantages and disadvantages of each remote sensor are considered.

Macdonald, H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The application of remotely sensed data in support of emergency rehabilitation of wildfire-damage areas

The depth, texture, and water holding capacity of the soil before the fire in the Bridge Creek area of Deschutes National Forest (1979) were determined from available aerial photography and LANDSAT MSS digital data. Three days after the fire was out, complete coverage of the burned area was acquired on 35 mm color infrared film from a near vertical or low oblique perspective. These photographs were used in assessing the condition of vegetation, and in predicting the likelihood of survival. Negatives from vertical natural photography obtained during the same flight were used to produce 3R prints from which large scale mosaics of the entire burned area were obtained. LANDSAT MSS data obtained on the day the fire was under control were used to evaluate vegetative vigor (by calculating a band 7/band 5 ratio value for each spectral class) and to determine the boundary between altered and unaltered land.

Isaacson, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Application of remote sensing to the geological study of the alkaline complex region of Itatiaia

The methodology of remote sensing applied to geological study in a complex area was evaluated. Itatiaia was selected as a test area, which covers the alkaline massives and its precambrian basement. LANDSAT-MSS and radar mosaic of the RADAMBRASIL Project were used for photointerpretation. Previous geological works were consulted and many discrepancies in the distribution of stratigraphic units were found. Moreover, structural lineaments and talus deposits were clearly delineated.

Dejesusparada, N.↗
NASA NTRS1980

PATCH image processor user's manual

The patch image processor extracts patches in various size (32 x 32, 64 x 64, 128 x 128, and 256 x 256 pixels) from full frame LANDSAT imagery data. With the patches that are extracted, a patch image mosaic is created in the image processing system, IMDACS, format.

Nieves, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The application of LANDSAT remote sensing technology to natural resources management. Section 1: Introduction to VICAR - Image classification module. Section 2: Forest resource assessment of Humboldt County.

A teaching module on image classification procedures using the VICAR computer software package was developed to optimize the training benefits for users of the VICAR programs. The field test of the module is discussed. An intensive forest land inventory strategy was developed for Humboldt County. The results indicate that LANDSAT data can be computer classified to yield site specific forest resource information with high accuracy (82%). The "Douglas-fir 80%" category was found to cover approximately 21% of the county and "Mixed Conifer 80%" covering about 13%. The "Redwood 80%" resource category, which represented dense old growth trees as well as large second growth, comprised 4.0% of the total vegetation mosaic. Furthermore, the "Brush" and "Brush-Regeneration" categories were found to be a significant part of the vegetative community, with area estimates of 9.4 and 10.0%.

Fox, L., III↗
NASA NTRS1981

Surface mapping of selected regions in the Orion Nebula

Low dispersion, large aperture, ultraviolet spectra of selected regions in the Orion Nebula were obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) scientific instrument. Spectra obtained at 35 contiguous locations defining a mosaic within the nebula were used to generate monochromatic images of high spatial resolution at the wavelengths of the ultraviolet emission lines. Image processing techniques were utilized to generate and analyze these ultraviolet surface maps. The imagery at the three wavelengths studied shows definite differences in the spatial distribution of emission from the CII CIII and OII ions. Ways of using the imagery to determine ionization structure and C/O abundance ratios throughout the regions observed are developed, in addition to means of analyzing the extensive continuum measurements in terms of dust scattering characteristics.

Perry, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Planetary geological studies

A global data base was assembled for the study of Mars crater ejecta morphology. The craters were classified as to morhology using individual photographic prints of Viking orbiter frames. Positional and scale information were derived by fitting digitized mosaic coordinates to lattitude-longitude coordinates of surface features from the Mars geodetic control net and feature coordinates from the U.S.G.S. series of 1:5,00,000 scale shaded relief maps. Crater morphology characteristics recorded are of two classes - attributes of each ejecta deposit and other crater charactersitics. Preliminary efforts to check the data base with findings of other workers are described.

Blasius, K. R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Ultraviolet /UV/ emission line mapping of selected regions in the Orion Nebula

Digital processing of data from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite are used to obtain monochromatic mosaic images of the most prominent UV spectra lines at 35 locations in the central region of the Orion Nebula. The image processing techniques include calculations of the spectrograph orientation and the thermal effects, normalization for exposure time, background subtraction, correction for sensitivity variation within the IUE spectrograph aperture, correction to an absolute flux scale, sample interpolation, and display on graphic devices. The resulting UV emission line intensity maps may be used in conjunction with observations of other wavelength regions to determine the spatial distribution of ionization and abundance levels of carbon and oxygen in Orion.

Turnrose, B. E.↗