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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic State of Quasiordered Fe–Al Alloys Doped with Ga and B: Magnetic Phase Separation and Spin Order

Results of structural, magnetic, and Mössbauer studies of quasi ordered alloys Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 35−} {sub x}M{sub x} (M{sub x} = Ga, B; x = 0, 5 at %) are presented. The magnetic state of examined structurally–single-phase alloys at low temperatures is interpreted from the viewpoint of magnetic phase separation. An explanation is proposed for the observed behavior of magnetic characteristics of Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 35} and Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 30}Ga{sub 5} in the framework of the model of two magnetic phases, a ferromagnetic-type one and a spin density wave. The boron-doped alloy Fe{sub 65}Al{sub 30}B{sub 5} is shown to demonstrate behavior that is typical of materials with the ferromagnetic type of ordering.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Longitudinal Magnetic Field on the Spread of Erosion Laser Plasma in Vacuum and Generation of Plasma Magnetic Fields

Dynamics of erosion laser plasma in vacuum and generation of magnetic field by moving plasma (in particular, in the presence of external static magnetic field oriented along the direction of plasma motion) are experimentally studied. Radial confinement of the spread of plasma, a decrease in the electrification of target upon plasma formation, and an increase in the induction of the plasma magnetic field by a factor of 10–15 are revealed at an induction of the external magnetic field of about 0.35 T. Dependences of the induction of the plasma magnetic field on the power density of the laser radiation are determined for the above regimes.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

High magnetic field magnetization of a new triangular lattice antiferromagnet

In CsV(MoO 4 ) 2 , the magnetic V 3+ ions with octahedral oxygen-coordination form a geometrically frustrated triangular lattice. So fare, there is no magnetic properties reported on it. Recently, we successfully grew single crystals of CsV(MoO 4 ) 2 by using flux method. The susceptibility shows a sharp drop around 24 K, representing a long range magnetic ordering. To understand the physical properties of this new triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLAF), we pursued high field magnetization measurements to answer two questions: (i) what is the saturation field, which will be very useful to calculate the exchange interaction of the system? (ii) Will it exhibit spin state transition, such as the up up down phase with 1/3-saturation moment as other TLAFs? Recently, we performed VSM measurements in Cell 8, Tallahassee, NHMFL, the results show that the magnetization reaches 0.38 MuB at 34 T, which is just 19% of the full moment of 2 MuB for V 3+ (3d 2 ) ions. Apparently we need higher field to reach 1/3 value or full moment.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Energetic Electron Transport in Magnetized Plasma with Magnetic Islands (Final Technical Report)

The main scientific goal of this project was to investigate the interactions between energetic electrons and magnetic islands in magnetized plasmas from lab to space. The proposed plan of addressed the following specific objectives: (1) Determine if energetic electrons are trapped by magnetic islands. Specifically, test the hypothesis that energetic electrons are trapped near island O-points due to stable orbits and de-confined near island X-points due to X-point tangles. (2) Determine how electron transport changes with island width and location. Specifically, test the hypothesis that electrons are accelerated by contracting magnetic islands through a Fermi acceleration process. (3) Assess how electron transport is affected by island dynamics, including island rotation, bifurcation, and/or island overlap. Specifically, test the hypothesis that electrons are deconfined and possibly accelerated during island rotations, bifurcations, and overlap due to stochastization of the magnetic field lines.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS2012

Particle-In-Cell Simulations of the Solar Wind Interaction with Lunar Crustal Magnetic Anomalies: Magnetic Cusp Regions

As the solar wind is incident upon the lunar surface, it will occasionally encounter lunar crustal remanent magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are small-scale, highly non-dipolar, have strengths up to hundreds of nanotesla, and typically interact with the solar wind in a kinetic fashion. Simulations, theoretical analyses, and spacecraft observations have shown that crustal fields can reflect solar wind protons via a combination of magnetic and electrostatic reflection; however, analyses of surface properties have suggested that protons may still access the lunar surface in the cusp regions of crustal magnetic fields. In this first report from a planned series of studies, we use a 1 1/2-dimensional, electrostatic particle-in-cell code to model the self-consistent interaction between the solar wind, the cusp regions of lunar crustal remanent magnetic fields, and the lunar surface. We describe the self-consistent electrostatic environment within crustal cusp regions and discuss the implications of this work for the role that crustal fields may play regulating space weathering of the lunar surface via proton bombardment.

Solar↗
DOE OSTI2014

Modulation of Magnetic Heating via Dipolar Magnetic Interactions in Monodisperse and Crystalline Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Here, we report on the study of heat dissipation power in monodisperse and crystalline magnetite nanoparticles as function of particle and aggregate sizes, magnetic field frequencies (up to 435 kHz) and amplitudes (up to 50 mT), media viscosity and particle concentration. These nanoparticles display specific absorption rate values of few hundreds of Wg Fe -1 at moderate frequencies (~100 kHz), increasing up to 3632 Wg Fe -1 at more extreme field conditions (430 kHz and 40 mT) for the largest size. We have found that Néelian relaxation processes are dominant for all nanoparticle sizes, whereas Brownian contribution dominates only for the largest size (22 nm) at high particle concentrations when dipolar interactions enhance the effective magnetic anisotropy. Besides, the particle concentration dependence of the specific absorption rate reflects the importance of magnetic dipolar interactions which strongly depend on aggregate and particle size. Our results show that dipolar interactions tune the effective magnetic anisotropy determining the Néelian and Brownian contributions into SAR values. The possibility of switching between heating mechanisms via dipolar interactions is of great importance towards controlling the heat exposure supplied by IONP as intracellular heating mediators.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Probes for investigating the effect of magnetic field, field orientation, temperature and strain on the critical current density of anisotropic high-temperature superconducting tapes in a split-pair 15 T horizontal magnet

We present the designs of probes for making critical current density (J{sub c}) measurements on anisotropic high-temperature superconducting tapes as a function of field, field orientation, temperature and strain in our 40 mm bore, split-pair 15 T horizontal magnet. Emphasis is placed on the design of three components: the vapour-cooled current leads, the variable temperature enclosure, and the springboard-shaped bending beam sample holder. The vapour-cooled brass critical-current leads used superconducting tapes and in operation ran hot with a duty cycle (D) of ∼0.2. This work provides formulae for optimising cryogenic consumption and calculating cryogenic boil-off, associated with current leads used to make J{sub c} measurements, made by uniformly ramping the current up to a maximum current (I{sub max}) and then reducing the current very quickly to zero. They include consideration of the effects of duty cycle, static helium boil-off from the magnet and Dewar (b{sup ′}), and the maximum safe temperature for the critical-current leads (T{sub max}). Our optimized critical-current leads have a boil-off that is about 30% less than leads optimized for magnet operation at the same maximum current. Numerical calculations show that the optimum cross-sectional area (A) for each current lead can be parameterized by LI{sub max}/A=[1.46D{sup −0.18}L{sup 0.4}(T{sub max}−300){sup 0.25D{sup −{sup 0{sup .{sup 0{sup 9}}}}}}+750(b{sup ′}/I{sub max})D{sup 10{sup −{sup 3I{sub m}{sub a}{sub x}−2.87b{sup ′}}}}]× 10{sup 6}A m{sup −1} where L is the current lead's length and the current lead is operated in liquid helium. An optimum A of 132 mm{sup 2} is obtained when I{sub max} = 1000 A, T{sub max} = 400 K, D = 0.2, b{sup ′} = 0.3 l h{sup −1} and L = 1.0 m. The optimized helium consumption was found to be 0.7 l h{sup −1}. When the static boil-off is small, optimized leads have a boil-off that can be roughly parameterized by: b/I{sub max } ≈ (1.35 × 10{sup −3})D{sup 0.41} l h{sup ‑1} A{sup −1}. A split-current-lead design is employed to minimize the rotation of the probes during the high current measurements in our high-field horizontal magnet. The variable-temperature system is based on the use of an inverted insulating cup that operates above 4.2 K in liquid helium and above 77.4 K in liquid nitrogen, with a stability of ±80 mK to ±150 mK. Uniaxial strains of −1.4% to 1.0% can be applied to the sample, with a total uncertainty of better than ±0.02%, using a modified bending beam apparatus which includes a copper beryllium springboard-shaped sample holder.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Improvement of charged particles transport across a transverse magnetic filter field by electrostatic trapping of magnetized electrons

A study on the transport of charged particles across a magnetic filter field has been carried out in a double plasma device (DPD) and presented in this manuscript. The DPD is virtually divided into two parts viz. source and target regions by a transverse magnetic field (TMF) which is constructed by inserting strontium ferrite magnets into two stainless steel rectangular tubes. Plasma electrons are magnetized but ions are unmagnetized inside the TMF region. Negative voltages are applied to the TMF tubes in order to reduce the loss of electrons towards them. Plasma is produced in the source region by filament discharge method and allowed to flow towards the target region through this negatively biased TMF. It is observed that in the target region, plasma density can be increased and electron temperature decreased with the help of negatively biased TMF. This observation is beneficial for negative ion source development. Plasma diffusion across the negatively biased TMF follows Bohm or anomalous diffusion process when negative bias voltage is very less. At higher negative bias, diffusion coefficient starts deviating from the Bohm diffusion value, associated with enhanced plasma flow in the target region.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Direct observation of ferromagnetism in grain boundary phase of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

We have investigated the magnetism of the grain boundary (GB) phase in a Nd{sub 14.0}Fe{sub 79.7}Cu{sub 0.1}B{sub 6.2} sintered magnet using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Fe L{sub 2,3}-edges. Soft XMCD spectra were measured from the fractured surface that was confirmed to be covered with a thin GB phase by Auger electron spectroscopy. The magnetic moment of Fe in the GB phase was estimated to be m{sub GB}=1.4 μ{sub B} at 30 °C using the sum rule analysis for XMCD spectra, which is 60% of that of Fe in the Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound. The temperature dependence of m{sub GB} evaluated with reference to Fe in the Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B phase indicated that the Curie temperature of the GB phase is more than 50 °C lower compared to that of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

The structural and magnetic properties of Pr{sub 1−x}Er{sub x}Al{sub 2}

We report on the effect of Er addition to PrAl{sub 2} on the lattice parameters, magnetic behavior, heat capacity, and magnetocaloric effect by using x-ray diffraction, magnetization, and heat capacity measurements. Unlike Pr{sub 0.6}Er{sub 0.4}Al{sub 2}, other alloys we studied in the pseudobinary (Pr{sub 1−x}Er{sub x})Al{sub 2} system do not exhibit a sharp peak in heat capacity with the application of magnetic field. Both the cubic lattice parameter and the Curie temperature decrease with increasing Er concentration. The nuclear specific heat coefficient decreases from 660 mJ K mol{sup −1} for x = 0.05 to a nearly negligible value for x = 0.95. The magnetic entropy and adiabatic temperature change varies from 2 to 4 J mol{sup −1} K{sup −1} and 2.5 to 5 K at ΔH = 20 kOe for x = 0.05 to 0.95, respectively. These values of the magnetocaloric effect are comparable to those of the other rare-earth dialuminides systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Colloidal self assembly of non-magnetic particles in magnetic nanofluid

Here we present a technique using magnetic nanofluid to induce bidispersed suspension of nonmagnetic particles to assemble into colloidal chain, triangle, rectangle, ring-flower configurations. By changing the amplitude and direction of the magnetic field, we could tune the structure of nonmagnetic particles in magnetic nanofluid. The structures are assembled using magneto static interactions between effectively nonmagnetic particles dispersed in magnetizable magnetic nanofluid. The assembly of complex structures out of simple colloidal building blocks is of practical interest in photonic crystals and DNA biosensors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

The role of the non-magnetic material in spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in NiFe and CoFeB multilayer systems

We present a study of the effective magnetization M{sub eff} and the effective damping parameter α{sub eff} by means of ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy on the ferromagnetic (FM) materials Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19} (NiFe) and Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20} (CoFeB) in FM/Pt, FM/NM, and FM/NM/Pt systems with the non-magnetic (NM) materials Ru, Cr, Al, and MgO. Moreover, for NiFe layer systems, the influence of interface effects is studied by way of thickness dependent measurements of M{sub eff} and α{sub eff}. Additionally, spin pumping in NiFe/NM/Pt is investigated by means of inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements. We observe a large dependence of M{sub eff} and α{sub eff} of the NiFe films on the adjacent NM layer. While Cr and Al do not induce a large change in the magnetic properties, Ru, Pt, and MgO affect M{sub eff} and α{sub eff} in different degrees. In particular, NiFe/Ru and NiFe/Ru/Pt systems show a large perpendicular surface anisotropy and a significant enhancement of the damping. In contrast, the magnetic properties of CoFeB films do not have a large influence of the NM adjacent material and only CoFeB/Pt systems present an enhancement of α{sub eff}. However, this enhancement is much more pronounced in NiFe/Pt. By the introduction of the NM spacer material, this enhancement is reduced. Furthermore, a difference in symmetry between NiFe/NM/Pt and NiFe/NM systems in the output voltage signal from the ISHE measurements reveals the presence of spin pumping into the Pt layer in all-metallic NiFe/NM/Pt and NiFe/Pt systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic island and plasma rotation under external resonant magnetic perturbation in the T-10 tokamak

Experimental comparison of the m = 2, n = 1 mode and plasma rotation velocities at q = 2 magnetic surface in a wide range of the mode amplitudes is presented. Phase velocity of the mode rotation is measured with a set of poloidal magnetic field sensors located at the inner side of the vacuum vessel wall. Plasma rotation velocity at the q = 2 magnetic surface in the direction of the mode phase velocity is measured with the heavy ion beam probe diagnostics. In the presence of a static Resonant Magnetic Perturbation (RMP), the rotation is irregular that appears as cyclical variations of the mode and plasma instantaneous velocities. The period of these variations is equal to the period of the mode oscillations. In the case of high mode amplitude, the rotation irregularity of the mode is consistent with the rotation irregularity of the resonant plasma layer. On the contrary, the observed rise of the mode rotation irregularity in the case of low mode amplitude occurs without an increase of the rotation irregularity of the resonant plasma layer. The experimental results are simulated and analyzed with the TEAR code based on the two-fluid MHD approximation. Calculated irregularities of the mode and plasma rotation depend on the mode amplitude similar to the experimental data. For large islands, the rotation irregularity is attributed to oscillations of the electromagnetic torque applied to the resonant plasma layer. For small islands, the deviation of the mode rotation velocity from the plasma velocity occurs due to the effect of finite plasma resistivity.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy experiments on the rough surface of a polycrystalline NiFe film with a fine magnetic tip sensitive to a well-defined magnetization component

We developed a micrometer-sized magnetic tip integrated onto the write head of a hard disk drive for spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) in the modulated tip magnetization mode. Using SP-STM, we measured a well-defined in-plane spin-component of the tunneling current of the rough surface of a polycrystalline NiFe film. The spin asymmetry of the NiFe film was about 1.3% within the bias voltage range of -3 to 1 V. We obtained the local spin component image of the sample surface, switching the magnetic field of the sample to reverse the sample magnetization during scanning. We also obtained a spin image of the rough surface of a polycrystalline NiFe film evaporated on the recording medium of a hard disk drive.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Structural and magnetic properties of Prussian blue analogue molecular magnet Fe{sub 1.5}[Cr(CN){sub 6}]·mH{sub 2}O

Molecular magnets, based on Prussian blue analogues, Fe{sub 1.5}[Cr(CN){sub 6}]·mH{sub 2}O have been synthesized in the bulk as well as nanoparticle forms using a co-precipitation method, and their structural and magnetic properties have been investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) Mössbauer spectroscopy and dc magnetization. The XRD study confirms the single phase crystalline and nanoparticle nature of the compounds with a face centered cubic (fcc) structure of space group Fm3m. The values of lattice constant are found to be ~10.18(5) Å and ~9.98(9)Å, for the bulk and nanoparticle samples, respectively. The dc magnetization shows a Curie temperature (T{sub C}) of ~17 K and ~5 K for the bulk and nanopartcile samples, respectively. The Mossouber spectroscopy reveal that the compound shows spin flipping from the high spin (HS) Fe (Cr{sup III}–C≡N–Fe{sup II}) to low spin (LS) Fe{sup II} ions (Cr{sup III}–N≡C–Fe{sup II}). Moreover, the T{sub C} and the HS state of the Fe ions decreases (converts to its LS states) with time as well as in the nanoparticle form compared to bulk.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic anisotropy, damping, and interfacial spin transport in Pt/LSMO bilayers

In this paper, we report ferromagnetic resonance measurements of magnetic anisotropy and damping in epitaxial La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) and Pt capped LSMO thin films on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates. The measurements reveal large negative perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a weaker uniaxial in-plane anisotropy that are unaffected by the Pt cap. The Gilbert damping of the bare LSMO films is found to be low α = 1.9(1) × 10 -3 , and two-magnon scattering is determined to be significant and strongly anisotropic. The Pt cap increases the damping by 50% due to spin pumping, which is also directly detected via inverse spin Hall effect in Pt. Our research demonstrates efficient spin transport across the Pt/LSMO interface.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Stabilization and control of topological magnetic solitons via magnetic nanopatterning of exchange bias systems

Stabilizing and manipulating topological magnetic quasiparticles in thin films is of great interest for potential applications in data storage and information processing. Here, we present a strategy for stabilizing magnetic vortices and Bloch lines with controlled position, vorticity, and chirality in a continuous exchange bias system. By tailoring vectorially the unidirectional anisotropy of the system at the nanoscale, via thermally assisted magnetic scanning probe lithography, we show experimentally and via micromagnetic simulations the non-volatile creation of vortex-antivortex pairs. In addition, we demonstrate the deterministic stabilization of cross and circular Bloch lines within patterned Néel magnetic domain walls. This work enables the implementation of complex functionalities based on the control of tailored topological spin-textures in spintronic and magnonic nanodevices.

Magnetic ordering↗