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Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-31, Commander Loren J. Shriver, Pilot Charles F. Bolden, Jr., and Mission Specialists Steven A. Hawley, Bruce McCandless II, and Kathryn D. Sullivan, participating in a press conference. The crew is seen answering questions about the Hubble Space Telescope from participating audience as well as from various NASA Centers.
Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-35, Commander Vance D. Brand, Pilot Guy S. Gardner, Mission Specialists Jeffrey A. Hoffman, John M. Lounge, and Robert A. Parker, and Payload Specialists Samuel T. Durrance, and Ronald A. Parise, participating in the traditional breakfast prior to launch. The crew is seen suiting up, and walking out to the Astro-Van for their 1 a.m. launch. Also shown are some beautiful panoramic shots of the shuttle on the launch pad, main engine start, ignition, liftoff, and various shots of the Launch Control Center (LCC). The crew is also shown during flight performing some routine functions such as operating the trash compactor, eating, and getting into and out of their sleeping quarters. The crew is seen taking part in a conversation with the Secretary of State, and the Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union. Footage also includes the landing of Columbia, its rollout on the runway, and its crew as they depart from the vehicle.
Live footage shows the crewmember of STS-30, Commander David M. Walker, Pilot Ronald J. Grabe, and Mission Specialists Norman E. Thagard, Mary L. Cleave, and Mark C. Lee, participating in the traditional breakfast, suiting up and walking out to the Astro-van. Scenes include the retraction of the orbiter access arm, main engine start, ignition, and liftoff. The crew is also shown doing in-flight procedures such as experiments and equipment changes. The landing of Atlantis at Edwards Air Force Base is also seen.
The primary objective of STS-31 was the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The flight was commanded by Loren J. Shriver. The pilot was Charles F. Bolden, Jr., and the mission specialists were Steven A. Hawley, Bruce McCandless II, and Kathryn D. Sullivan. This videotape shows an inflight press conference that occurred after the deployment of the HST. The press gathered at the Goddard Space Flight Center and the Kennedy Space Center, asked questions mainly about the deployment of the HST.
The primary mission objective for STS-101 was to deliver supplies to the International Space Station, perform a space walk, and reboost the station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. The commander of this mission was, James D. Haslsell. The crew was Scott J. Horowitz, the pilot, and mission specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev. This videotape shows the activities of the second day of the flight. On this day the shuttle crew checked the equipment in preparation for rendezvous with the International Space Station. This video shows the astronauts entering the SpaceHab, where the supplies bound for the space station are stored. There are also views of the robotic arm, which will be used during the spacewalk to maneuver Williams and Voss between Atlantis and the station.
The primary mission objective for STS-101 was to deliver supplies to the International Space Station, perform a space walk, and reboost the station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. The commander of this mission was, James D. Haslsell. The crew was Scott J. Horowitz, the pilot, and mission specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev. This videotape shows the activities of the third day of the flight. On this day the shuttle rendezvoused and docked with the station. The videotape shows the rendezvous and the docking maneuver, and some of the crew activities in the shuttle.
The primary mission objective for STS-101 was to deliver supplies to the International Space Station, perform a space walk, and reboost the station from 230 statute miles to 250 statute miles. The commander of this mission was, James D. Halsell. The crew was Scott J. Horowitz, the pilot, and mission specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev. This videotape shows the launch of STS-101, beginning with the pre-flight breakfast and the crew's introduction. The videotape next shows a pre-dawn view of the orbiter waiting the crew's arrival. The crew is shown getting into their space suits and then climbing onboard the shuttle. In this videotape we are shown a few of the crew getting into their places onboard the shuttle. We are also shown the newly designed "glass cockpit", which gives the pilot and the commander better views and are told that this is the first flight of the shuttle with the new design. After the hatch is closed, we see the shuttle launch into the night, followed by the Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) separation.
On this fourth day of the STS-101 Atlantis mission, the flight crew, Commander James D. Halsell Jr., Pilot Scott J. Horowitz, and Mission Specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev are seen performing final preparations for the scheduled space walk. Horowitz, Williams and Voss are seen in the mid-deck before the space walk. Horowitz and Weber are also seen in the flight deck, powering-up the robot-arm. During the space walk Voss is seen checking the American Cargo Crane-Orbital Replacement Unit Transfer Device. Voss and Williams are shown securing the American-built crane that was installed on the station last year. They are seen as they install the final parts (boom extension) of a Russian-built crane on the station. Voss and Williams are also shown as they replace a faulty antenna for one of the station's communications systems on the Unity Module, and install several handrails and a camera cable on the station's exterior.
On this eighth day of the STS-101 Atlantis mission, the flight crew, Commander James D. Halsell Jr., Pilot Scott J. Horowitz, and Mission Specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev are seen closing up the hatches to the ISS. Halsell, Horowitz, and Weber are seen participating in a question and answer session with Launch Control Center (LCC). Weber explains the transfer of goods and supplies and Horowitz discusses the re-boost maneuver. Also shown is the crew gathered together on the mid-deck fielding questions from LCC. Scene shows Voss checking behind panels for evidence of smoke or odor.
On this ninth day of the STS-101 Atlantis mission, the flight crew, Commander James D. Halsell Jr., Pilot Scott J. Horowitz, and Mission Specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev prepares to undock Atlantis from the International Space Station (ISS). Atlantis is seen as it undocks form the ISS over Kazakhstan. Halsell, Usachev, and Weber are seen participating in a communication link with Russia.
This video presents a report from the Space Shuttle Atlantis Crew. The crew consists of James D. Halsell, Jr., Mission Commander; Scott Horowitz, Pilot; and Mission Specialists Mary Ellen Weber, Jeffrey N. Williams, James S. Voss, Susan J. Helms, and Yuri Vladimirovich Usachev. The crew made preparations for the Space Shuttle Atlantis return to Earth. Weber gave a general overview of refurbishments done to the International Space Station such as maintenance of the electrical system, one to three thousands of pounds of new hardware supplied to I.S.S. and a supply of personal hygiene products. Also live animation of the Spacehab Module is given where supplies bound for the Space Station are stored.
We recommend to use the dayside Martian ionosphere as a reflector for global communication, because the dayside ionosphere has stable density peak and usable critic frequency. This is very crucial for the future Mars ground to around communication. The dayside ionosphere has been well modeled as a Chapman layer. We suggest to perform the Martian nightside ionospheric modeling study. Because the nightside ionosphere has very little measurements available, we propose to drop a digital ionosond instrument into the Mars surface for data collection. Even though the Martian tropospheric radio refractivity has small value, it still can cause the ray bending and multipath effects. We recommend to perform an accurate calculation on excess phase and group delays (range and time delays). Other effects, such as range rate errors, appearance angle deviation, defocusing loss on Mars, etc. are also needed to be estimated. Ice depolarization effects due to Martian clouds on radio waves is unknown yet, which is expected to be small, because lower optical depth and thinner layer of cloud: Total Martian atmospheric gaseous attenuation is expected to be less than 1 dB on microwaves band, because the Martian atmosphere has very low concentration in uncondensed H2O and O2. An accurate calculation for zenith opacity requires the information about scale heights of H2O and O2 distribution. An accurate water vapor altitude profile at Mars is not available yet. Under the normal condition, CO2 and N2 gases do not have electric or magnetic dipoles and do not absorb electromagnetic energy from the waves. However, they may generate the dipoles through a collision and interact with waves under a high density condition and absorb electromagnetic waves in the infrared and visible band. Dust storm is most dominant factor to the radio wave attenuation. Large Martian dust storm can cause at least 3 dB or higher loss to Ka band wave. For a normal dust storm, the attenuation is about 1 dB. The attenuation much depends on dust mass loading, dust size distribution, etc. Most large dust storm occur in the southern hemisphere during later spring and early summer when the southern hemisphere become suddenly hot.
In December 1998, the IGS Governing Board officially changed the name of this IAG service from 'International GPS Service for Geodynamics to simply the 'International GPS Service'. This change of name reflects the fact that today the IGS supports numerous scientific projects outside the traditional geodetic and geodynamic disciplines. A number of IGS projects and working groups have been established, each concentrating on a particular science application, such as the ionosphere, atmosphere, reference frame, precise time transfer, etc. These activities are enabled and simulated by the IGS and directly contribute to the continuing development of the service. The IGS is currently poised to respond to evolving user requirements that focus on timeliness and reliability of data and products, particularly in support of a slate of Low Earth Orbiter missions over the next decade. Perspectives on the future of the IGS will be developed based on current directions as well as anticipated external influences, such as GPS satellite modernization, GLONASS, availability of global communications, and plans for the European GALILEO (Global Navigation Satellite System - GNSS). We will address development of user friendly interfaces and IGS product tutorials.
The Laboratory for Atmospheres is helping to answer questions related to climate, and climate change and other scientific questions about our planet and its neighbors. The Laboratory conducts a broad theoretical and experimental research program studying all aspects of the atmospheres of the Earth and other planets, including their structural, dynamical, radiative, and chemical properties. In this report,there is a statement of the labs philosophy and a description of it's role in NASA's mission. A broad description of the research and a summary of the scientists' major accomplishments in 1999 is also included. The report also presents useful information on human resources, scientific interactions, and outreach activities with the outside community.
Currently the GN&C's Propulsion Branch of the NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is conducting a broad technology development program for propulsion devices that are ideally suited for nanosatellite missions. The goal of our program is to develop nanosatellite propulsion systems that can be flight qualified in a few years and flown in support of nanosatellite missions. The miniature cold gas thruster technology, the first product from the GSFC's propulsion component technology development program, will be flown on the upcoming ST-5 mission in 2003. The ST-5 mission is designed to validate various nanosatellite technologies in all major subsystem areas. It is a precursor mission to more ambitious nanosatellite missions such as the Magnetospheric Constellation mission. By teaming with the industry and government partners, the GSFC propulsion component technology development program is aimed at pursuing a multitude of nanosatellite propulsion options simultaneously, ranging from miniaturized thrusters based on traditional chemical engines to MEMS based thruster systems. After a conceptual study phase to determine the feasibility and the applicability to nanosatellite missions, flight like prototypes of selected technology are fabricated for testing. The development program will further narrow down the effort to those technologies that are considered "mission-enabling" for future nanosatellite missions. These technologies will be flight qualified to be flown on upcoming nanosatellite missions. This paper will report on the status of our development program and provide details on the following technologies: Low power miniature cold gas thruster Nanosatellite solid rocket motor. Solid propellant gas generator system for cold gas thruster. Low temperature hydrazine blends for miniature hydrazine thruster. MEMS mono propellant thruster using hydrogen peroxide.
STS-106 was launched on Sept 8, 2000 at 8:45 a.m. The crew was commanded by Terrence W. Wilcutt, the pilot was Scott D. Altman. The mission specialists were Daniel C. Burbank, Edward T. Lu, Richard A. Mastracchio, Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko, and Boris V. Morukov. During the 11-day mission, the crew spent a week inside the International Space Station (ISS) unloading supplies from both a double SPACEHAB cargo module in the rear of the Atlantis cargo bay and from a Russian Progress M-1 resupply craft docked to the aft end of the Zvezda Service Module. The videotape shows the activities of the second day of the flight and the preparations for docking with the ISS. Shown on the video are shots of the flight deck on the shuttle, the shuttle payload arm, and shots of the crew eating lunch.
On this first day of the STS-106 Atlantis mission, the flight crew, Commander Terrence W. Wilcutt, Pilot Scott D. Altman, and Mission Specialists Daniel C. Burbank, Edward T. Lu, Richard A. Mastracchio, Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko, and Boris V. Morukov are seen performing pre-launch activities. They are shown sitting around the breakfast table with the traditional cake, suiting-up, and riding out to the launch pad. The final inspection team is seen as they conduct their final check of the space shuttle on the launch complex. Also, included are various panoramic views of the shuttle on the pad. The crew is readied in the 'white room' for their mission. After the closing of the hatch and arm retraction, launch activities are shown including countdown, engine ignition, launch, and the separation of the Solid Rocket Boosters.
On this third day of the STS-106 Atlantis mission, the flight crew, Commander Terrence W. Wilcutt, Pilot Scott D. Altman, and Mission Specialists Daniel C. Burbank, Edward T. Lu, Richard A. Mastracchio, Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko, and Boris V. Morukov are seen as they approach the International Space Station (ISS). Also shown are views of the rendezvous taken from both the Zarya Control Module and the Atlantis spacecraft. Final preparation for the docking includes checking of tools and equipment needed to support the rendezvous and docking, as well as equipment for the scheduled space walk. After docking over Western Kazakhstan, the Zarya and Zvezda Service Module is seen from the external cameras of Atlantis. Also shown is footage of the crew before and during the rendezvous.