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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

SMC 2021 Data Challenge: Analyzing Resource Utilization and User Behavior on Titan Supercomputer

Resource utilization statistics of submitted jobs on a supercomputer can help us understand how users from various scientific domains use HPC platforms and better design a job scheduler. We explore to generate insight regarding workload distribution and usage pattern domains from job scheduler trace, GPU failure information, and project-specific information collected from Titan supercomputer. Furthermore, we want to know how the scheduler performance varies over time and how the users' scheduling behavior changes following a system failure. These observations have the potential to provide valuable insight, which is helpful to prepare for system failures. These practices will help us develop and apply novel machine learning algorithms in understanding system behavior, requirement, and better scheduling of HPC systems. There are two datasets, RUR and GPU: RUR dataset is the job scheduler traces collected from the Titan supercomputer from 01/01/2015 to 07/31/2019 (2015.csv - 2019.csv). These were collected using resource Utilization Report (RUR), a Cray-developed resource-usage data collection and reporting system. It contains the usage information of its critical resources (CPU, Memory, GPU, and I/O) of each running job on Titan during that period (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8891001). It includes ProjectAreas as additional information, every job is associated with a project ID. TheProjectAreas.csv dataset provides a mapping of the project ID to its domain science. GPU dataset has information regarding GPU failure on Titan. There have been some hardware-related issues in the GPUs in Titan that caused some GPUs to fail, sometimes irrecoverably during some job runs. This dataset provides information regarding these failures during the execution of the submitted jobs. GPUs on Titan are uniquely identified by a serial number (SN), and they are installed in a location. A GPU can be installed in a location, then removed from that location following a failure, and then re-installed in a different location after fixing the problem. If the failure can't be recovered, the GPU might be removed entirely from Titan. There are two prominent types of failures that resulted in the removal of GPUs from Titan: Double Bit Error (DBE) and Out of the Bus (OTB). The dataset (gc_full.csv) has seven attributes, we provided a short description of these attributes in the ReadMe file. To learn more about this dataset, please refer to the git repository https://github.com/olcf/TitanGPULife and the related publication (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9355319).

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Brittle failure analysis and modeling of high-burnup PWR fuel cladding alloys

The aim of this research is the development of methods for predicting mechanical behavior and identification of limiting conditions to prevent brittle failure of high-burnup (HBU) pressure water reactor (PWR) fuel cladding alloys. A finite element (FE) model of the ring compression test (RCT) was created to analyze the failure behavior of zirconium-based alloys with radial hydrides during the RCT. An elastic-plastic material model describes the zirconium alloy. The stress-strain curve needed for the elastic-plastic material model was derived by inverse finite element analyses. Cohesive zone modeling is used to reproduce sudden load drops during RCT loading. Based on the failure mechanism in non-irradiated ZIRLO (R) claddings, a micro-mechanical model was developed that distinguishes between brittle failure along hydrides and ductile failure of the zirconium matrix. Two different cohesive laws representing these types of failure are present in the same cohesive interface. The key differences between these constitutive laws are the cohesive strength, the stress at which damage initiates, and the cohesive energy, which is the damage energy dissipated by the cohesive zone. Statistically generated matrix-hydride distributions were mapped onto the cohesive elements and simulations with focus on the first load drop were performed. Computational results are in good agreement with the RCT results conducted on high-burnup M5 (R) samples. It could be shown that crack initiation and propagation strongly depend on the specific configuration of hydrides and matrix material in the fracture area.

Simbruner, Kai↗
DOE OSTI2026

1991 Boston Household Travel Survey

The Central Transportation Planning Staff conducted a household travel survey in 1991, featuring demographic, socioeconomic, and travel features of 2,347 households, generating 39,372 weekday trips. The survey took the form of an activity-based travel diary that each subject household filled out for one weekday. The data was used to estimate new models for trip generation, automobile ownership, trip distribution, and mode choice.

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2024

Final cooling with thick wedges for a muon collider

In the final cooling stages for a muon collider, the transverse emittances are reduced while the longitudinal emittance is allowed to increase. In previous studies, Final 4-D cooling used absorbers within very high field solenoids to cool low-momentum muons. Simulations of the systems did not reach the desired cooling design goals. In this study, we develop and optimize a different conceptual design for the final 4D cooling channel, which is based on using dense wedge absorbers. We used G4Beamline to simulate the channel and Python to generate and analyze particle distributions. We optimized the design parameters of the cooling channel and produced conceptual designs (corresponding to possible starting points for the input beam) which achieve transverse cooling in both x and y by a factor of ~3.5. These channels achieve a lower transverse and longitudinal emittance than the best design previously published.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Thermophotovoltaic Heat Engine

This project was aimed at developing a thermophotovoltaic device that efficiently converts thermal radiation to electrical power. Historically, TPV devices have been plagued by poor robustness; this project sought to overcome this by merging innovations in nanophotonics, photovoltaics, and robust thermal engineering. Efforts were focused on developing high efficiency TPV devices which may drastically alter the electricity sector by enabling efficient (> 20%), fuel-flexible (any combustion fuel), distributed (< 10 kW) power generation. The project research identified the technical performance limits, technology differentiator, and customer value proposition for TPV devices and established technical performance requirements for a minimum viable product.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Modular Heat Engine for the Direct Conversion of Natural Gas to Hydrogen and Power using Hydrogen Turbines (Phase I Final Report)

This report describes a novel, modular heat engine comprising of a one-step hydrogen production from natural gas with in-situ CO 2 separation which is amenable for re-use or sequestration. Combining with a hydrogen turbine subsystem, a distributed or central power generation system is conceived. An added hydrogen storage subsystem enables load-following capability. The techno-economics of the overall system compared favorably against current state-of-the-art natural gas combined cycle plants with post-combustion CO 2 capture.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Small Hydropower Interconnections: Analysis of Interconnection Processes

Small hydropower projects have faced the challenge of navigating the process to interconnect their generation source to electricity distribution and transmission grids. Small hydropower developers have found interconnection procedures to be opaque and ultimately result in unexpected cost surprises and long timelines. Noting these challenges, the U.S. Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office enlisted Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to investigate the small hydropower interconnection landscape across the United States. After reviewing the status of small hydropower (“Small Hydropower Interconnections: Small Hydropower in the United States”) and the interconnection procedures across the United States (“Small Hydropower Interconnections: State Interconnection Processes”) in the first two white papers of this series, this paper uses recent data from small hydropower interconnection applications to benchmark the efficacy of the process. Using data from interconnection queues hosted by utilities, balancing authorities, independent system operators (ISOs), and regional transmission organizations (RTOs), this paper provides context for the costs, timelines, and types of upgrades required for small hydropower projects. Interconnection applications and study reports for small hydropower projects were analyzed to collect key pieces of information about the interconnection process, timeline, costs, and type of upgrades required for interconnection. Information sourced from the reports was entered into an Interconnection Benchmarking database (IBdb), which may be found in Appendix A.1. Information from this database was used to evaluate the performance and challenges associated with interconnecting small hydropower projects. This white paper presents a description of the sources contained in the interconnection database (Section 2.0), an analysis of the interconnection timeline (Section 3.0), an evaluation the cost of interconnection upgrades (Section 4.0), and a description of the types of infrastructure upgrades (Section 5.0). The final paper in this series (“Small Hydropower Interconnections: Best Practices”) will use the analysis described here to outline best practices for interconnection processes that will help overcome barriers to future small hydropower development.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Performance Assessment for the E-Area Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility at the Savannah River Site: Appendix I

As stated in Section 9.1.2.2, a final inventory of parent radionuclides is projected for every DU at the time of facility operational closure in 2065. These final closure inventories are upper-bound estimates wherein each DU is assumed to reach its activity capacity. Composition vectors based on existing DU inventories are employed to estimate the final compositions of all existing and future DUs. Specifically, (1) the existing DU compositions are assumed to remain constant; (2) future DUs are assigned averaged existing compositions based on appropriately averaged DUs. This information is detailed in Appendix H, Section H.7. In addition, the variability in composition among existing DUs is used to generate log-normal distributions for uncertainty quantification, which is detailed in Section I.1.1.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Final Cooling with Thick Wedges for a Muon Collider

A muon collider is a particle accelerator that collides muons rather than protons or electrons. An important component of such a collider is cooling, in which the emittance of the muon beam is reduced to make it suitable for use in a collider. In the last stage of this process, called final 4D cooling, emittance in the transverse axes is reduced while emittance in the longitudinal axis is allowed to grow. In previous studies, Final 4-D cooling used absorbers within very high field solenoids to cool low-momentum muons. Simulations of the systems did not reach the desired cooling design goals. In this study, we develop and optimize a different conceptual design for the final 4D cooling channel, which is based on single thick wedges. We used G4Beamline to simulate the channel and Python to generate and analyze particle distributions. We characterized the effects of various parameters on the performance of this system, including the initial emittances and Twiss parameters, the length and angle of the wedges, the length of the drift channel, and the length, frequency, gradient, and phase of the RF cavities. We optimized the design parameters of the cooling channel and produced two conceptual designs (corresponding to two possible starting points for the input beam) which achieve transverse cooling in both x and y by a factor of ≈ 3.5. These channels achieve a lower transverse and longitudinal emittance than the best design previously published.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

State Strategies for Valuing Distributed Energy Resources in Cost-Effective Locations

The deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), small-scale electricity generation sources or controllable loads connected to the distribution system or a facility served by the distribution system, can have wide-ranging and positive impacts for the electricity grid. Interconnecting a DER in a high-value location on the grid can unlock benefits beyond those that accrue to the off-taker or asset owner. When DERs are deployed optimally, not only can the individual consumer benefit, but the local utility, the electricity system, and other ratepayers can benefit as well. By engaging in locational DER planning, states can help protect their communities and ratepayers and can help ensure the reliability and resilience of the electricity system. This report explores states' role in better integrating locational value into DER siting and development. It first outlines some of the benefits that can be achieved through the deployment of DERs in high-value locations. It then looks at state policy and regulatory roles and the tools states can use to influence the location of DER development. The report next examines the challenges of locational DER planning, with a particular focus on the challenges that states face in influencing the location of DER development. It highlights three case studies from states that engaged in locational DER planning through the Multistate Initiative to Develop Solar in Locations that Provide Benefits to the Grid and then presents several lessons learned from these efforts. The final section of this report summarizes some recent publications related to locational value of DERs in the form of an abbreviated literature review.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Historical Emissions - shipping emission perturbation data

Version of previously released anthropogenic SO2 emissions data re-generated with altered spatial distributions for shipping emissions for use in the Emissions-MIP model inter-comparison project. Also included are 30% and 60% global reductions in shipping SO2 emissions.

Ahsan, Hamza↗
DOE OSTI2020

Power Density Waterfalls Plots for AGR-1, AGR-2 US UCO, and AGR-5/6/7 Experiments

Task: Generate plots of the distribution of power per particle per power bin over time. Kairos needs these for licensing purposes. Basically, they need to know which power/particle was sustained by which fraction of the fuel and for how long. The idea is to leverage AGR results. However, Kairos wants to operate at relatively high power/particle and, therefore, they need to check how much of their range is covered by AGR. These plots are made for AGR-1, AGR-2 US UCO, and what is predicted for AGR-5/6 and AGR-7 (for which there are no daily as-run values but projected values for every cycle). The predicted AGR-5/6/7 data was provided by the attached Excel file in an Email by Blaise Collin to Cam Binh Pham on May 21, 2018.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modeling the Interaction Between Energy Efficiency and Demand Response on Regional Grid Scales: Preprint

With increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation at grid and distributed scales, flexible building loads can provide significant system value and support the evolving needs of the grid. The growing value of load flexibility may complicate the traditional separation between energy efficiency (EE) and demand response (DR). EE measures may compete in some cases with a building’s DR capabilities but complement one another in other cases. EE can also increase or decrease the need for DR at the system level and change the availability of DR to meet system needs. In this study we present a bottom-up approach to modeling interactive effects between EE and DR in buildings within two regions of the US electricity grid. From a library of building simulation models for different buildings and climates, we synthesize system-level demand profiles and the impacts of potential future EE portfolios. Coupling the underlying building models with a database of DR-enabling technologies, we then compute the quantity of DR that can be delivered in each scenario. The results show that EE and DR interactions are largely driven by the timing of EE savings that are measure-specific and the coincidence with system peak demand that is region-specific. We also find that perspective of the impacts matters – for instance that some EE measures reduce the system need for DR but also reduce the DR potential. Our results imply that utility EE and DR programs developed without considering interactive effects may lead to increased grid-management challenges over the long term.

buildings↗
DOE OSTI2022

Black Start From DER

This presentation gives overview of black start related research at NREL.

black start↗
DOE OSTI2023

Methods and systems for evaluating data transportability in distribution grids

This document describes systems and techniques for evaluating and improving distribution-grid data transportability. These systems and techniques allow engineers to quantify the data transportability of a communication system within or connected to a distribution grid, which represents an ability to transport in real-time telemetry from source locations (e.g., sensors in the distribution grid) to control mechanisms. Distribution engineers can use the sensor readings to perform grid analytics, control operating parameters, and operate protection systems. Distribution engineers can also use the transportability of the communication system to evaluate the observability of the distribution grid, which represents an ability to combine actual measurements and various types of computations (e.g., analytics, estimators, forecasters) from a system model. Distribution engineers can then generate a sensor allocation plan that indicates the number and location of sensors to maximize observability for a fixed sensor cost and/or minimize sensor cost for predetermined observability.

Taft, Jeffrey D.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Unfolding Structure Formation in the Dark Universe via Weak Gravitational Lensing: from Pixels to Cosmology in the Dark Energy Survey and Roman Space Telescope

Weak gravitational lensing (deflection of light from distant galaxies due to the gravitational potential of intervening mass) is one of the most exciting probes in cosmology as it is sensitive both to the growth of the large-scale structure and the expansion history of the Universe. We can measure the coherent distortion of galaxy shapes (which we call cosmic shear) and infer the matter distribution. With next-generation imaging surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (Rubin LSST) and the Nancy G. Roman Space Telescope (Roman), there is immense new promise in understanding the fundamental nature of dark matter and dark energy. With datasets from current experiments like the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we see apparent cosmological tensions between experiments that may either be real and indicate new physics or new systematics we do not yet understand. LSST and Roman will increase the number of galaxies we have observed by an order of magnitude, leading to improved constraints on our cosmological model by up to 300%. These experiments will have the potential to prove if these cosmological tensions are real. However, our control of systematic uncertainties must also improve by similar levels to achieve the promise of what these missions can deliver. To achieve these scientific outcomes, the challenges of determining galaxy shapes and redshifts and modeling the impact of astrophysical effects must be solved. My PhD has focused on enabling weak lensing science in DES and Roman. I co-led the shear analysis teams in DES to produce the largest weak lensing galaxy sample, as well as the final DES cosmological analysis of cosmic shear. For Roman, I have led two papers characterizing and mitigating shear-related systematics with image simulations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

PHOTOPRODUCTION OF np^0 BY DOUBLE-REGGE EXCHANGE

The GlueX experiment is a photoproduction experiment based at Jeferson Lab in Newport News, Virginia. A major aim of GlueX is to look for hybrid mesons, which are a quark and an anti-quark bound by an excited gluonic field that contributes to the quantum numbers. The reaction ¿p ¿ ¿e0p is of particular interest since ¿e is a potential decay mode of states with exotic quantum numbers JPC =1¿+, which are forbidden in the constituent quark model. Finding such a resonance would be a clear sign of non-quark model physics. In concert with the Joint Physics Analysis Center we have developed a model for double-Regge interactions in this channel. These non-resonant processes generate asymmetries in the distributions of decay angles, which could be falsely attributed to the interference between exotic odd partial waves and even partial waves. In previous searches for light exotics we have seen evidence for the necessity of accounting for the presence of these non-resonant productions. We present a double-Regge model for photoproduction of ¿e0 and the application of it by measuring the asymmetry of ¿e0 production in the double Regge limit, as well as a comparison of the measured results to current theoretical predictions.

Barsotti, Rebecca [Indiana Univ. Southeast, New Al↗