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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 739 records · Page 41
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Assessment of Commercial Composite Power Pole Performance

The objective of this report is to assess the performance of composite poles, considering price, durability, resilience to the effects of extreme weather, ongoing maintenance costs, ease of repair, preplacement or upgrading giving special consideration to performance in watersheds and flood prone environments. The report starts with a description of the history and functional requirements of power pole. This is followed by a survey of existing composite pole manufacturing processes with a survey of existing knowledge base answering the above performance requirements. For the information not currently available to the public, an overview of testing procedures is outlined. Finally, an overview of emerging trends in composites and potential opportunities to address technical and economic shortfalls is proposed.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Building Adapter: Automatic Mapping of Commercial Buildings for Scalable Building Analytics

This project creates new solutions for the manual metadata mapping problem: the costly process of creating a match between a building’s sensor data streams and the inputs of a building analytics engine. This goal is achieved by creating and improving techniques for metadata inference: automatically constructing new contextual information for sensing and control points based on the sensor point names and the raw time series values. The objective is to enable vendors to apply building analytics to 90% of buildings with no manual mapping, and to 10% of buildings with a 90% reduction in manual mapping. These targets are set for all types of metadata required by current analytics engines, including type, location, equipment type, and other relationships. The outcome of this project is a suite of solutions to the manual mapping problem collectively called the Building Adapter that allows vendors to apply analytics engines to new buildings at a significantly reduced cost.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cost targets to achieve commercially viable thermal storage in buildings

To mitigate the variation in demand on the electric grid, thermal energy storage (TES) is an alternative to electric batteries or installing new peaking power plants. Stakeholders and policy makers across the United States have expressed interests in promoting TES, as demonstrated by the US Department of Energy’s Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings program and the efforts of various state legislatures. However, the cost value provided by TES are unclear. If reliable cost benefits were determined, stakeholders would have a clearer picture of the financial returns that can be gained from their investment in TES. In this report, EnergyPlus was used to perform whole-building simulations for two residential buildings in Indianapolis and Atlanta. The HVAC system in both buildings were equipped with phase change material TES. The TES tank was charged in off-peak hours and discharged in peak hours to perform load shifting. First, the economic value implied by existing time-of-use (TOU) rates offered by utility companies was analyzed via whole-building simulation. Second, existing demand reduction (DR) incentives sourced from 3 different electrical grid administrators (i.e., California, Texas, and New England region) were surveyed to determine their implied value. Lastly, the economic value implied by different types of deferred peak power plants were reviewed. The full value of TES to the entire society consists of value to the utility, OEMs, facility installers, and other stakeholders. This report focuses on the value to the utility with emphasis on the deferred capital of peak power plant. The value from the deferred capital of peak power plant is manifested to the customer in the form of demand reduction program and Time-of-Use utility rate program. In this report, an initial proxy of the value of TES is made by assuming the deferred capital cost of power plant is the full value to reduce peak demand. Three levels of financial value of TES systems were assessed. Two are currently available to some residential customers: (1) the benefit from TOU pricing alone and (2) the benefit from TOU pricing in combination with DR incentive programs. The third level was computed as the full cost of deferred capital cost of peaking power plants. This represents the potential value that could be gained by the utilities or conceivably be offered to consumers.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cost-effective Manufacturing and Morphological Stabilization of Nanostructured Cathodes for Commercial Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) [Slides]

The overall goals of the program were to develop methods for preparing and stabilizing SOFC electrodes by infiltration that can be manufactured on a practical scale, then transfer those methods to cells in stacks. Cathodes prepared by infiltration of nanoparticles into a porous scaffold of the electrolyte have demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance and mechanical strength but are difficult to manufacture due to the large number of infiltration steps required to produce a conductive composite and show poor stability due to sintering of the nanoparticles. At Penn, the main goal was to develop a fabrication method that uses only a small number of infiltration steps. Infiltration with molten salts and electrodeposition were pursued but deemed impractical. A method in which an electronically conductive scaffold consisted of a composite of a mixed conductor, LSF (La 0.9 Sr 0.1 FeO 3 ), with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was found to be promising. While some cation mixing between LSF and YSZ was observed during calcination, there was no evidence for new phases in XRD and incorporation of Zr into the perovskite could be minimized by reducing the Sr content of the LSF. To stabilize nanoparticles infiltrated into the LSF-YSZ composite scaffold, the USC team examined the effects of Atomic Layer Deposition with ZrO 2 and infiltrated nanoparticles. Significantly enhanced stability was observed with the infiltrated nanoparticles. The FuelCell Energy team prepared 4”x4” cells in which an LSF-YSZ composite scaffold was cofired with the YSZ electrolyte and infiltrated with LSCF nanoparticles. Apparently because the LSF-YSZ scaffold layer was very thin in this case, the cation mixing that occurred during calcination resulted in a poor scaffold-electrolyte interface which caused reduced performance.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Comprehensive Survey of Coal Ash Law and Commercialization: Its Environmental Risks, Disposal Regulation, and Beneficial Use Markets

This white paper was commissioned by the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) under a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in response to a major rule, Hazardous and Solid Waste Management System; Disposal of Coal Combustion Residuals From Electric Utilities; Final Rule (Final Rule) issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on April 17, 2015, on coal ash disposal and remediation of disposal sites, which has significant implications to states. It subjects state environmental agencies and public utility commissions to regulatory responsibilities to implement federal regulations under the Final Rule and oversee the cost implications on electric customers. To better evaluate the regulatory issues underlying the choices facing utilities and independent power producers (IPPs) regarding coal ash management options under the Final Rule, an overview of coal ash production and disposal practices is helpful. This comprehensive survey provides background information on the following topics: (a) coal ash production by a coal combustion generation plant, (b) the historical practices of utility waste management practices, (c) coal ash toxicity and related constituents, (d) further understanding of potential impacts to groundwater, and (e) the aging structures and outdated designs of coal ash surface impoundments and landfills.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗