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At least 721 records · Page 40

Search for heavy neutral leptons in $W^+\rightarrow \mu ^{+}\mu ^{\pm }\, \text {jet}$ decays

A search is performed for heavy neutrinos in the decay of a W boson into two muons and a jet. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 3.0fb –1 of proton–proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV collected with the LHCb experiment. Both same-sign and opposite-sign muons in the final state are considered. Data are found to be consistent with the expected background. Upper limits on the coupling of a heavy neutrino with the Standard Model neutrino are set at 95% confidence level in the heavy-neutrino mass range from 5 to 50GeV/c 2 . These are of the order of 10 –3 for lepton-number-conserving decays and of the order of 10 –4 for lepton-number-violating heavy-neutrino decays.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for long-lived particles decaying to e± μ∓ ν

Long-lived particles decaying to e±μ∓ν, with masses between 7 and 50GeV/c 2 and lifetimes between 2 and 50 ps, are searched for by looking at displaced vertices containing electrons and muons of opposite charges. The search is performed using 5.4 fb -1 of p p collisions collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$=13TeV. Three mechanisms of production of long-lived particles are considered: the direct pair production from quark interactions, the pair production from the decay of a Standard-Model-like Higgs boson with a mass of 125GeV/c 2 , and the charged current production from an on-shell W boson with an additional lepton. No evidence of these long-lived states is obtained and upper limits on the production cross-section times branching fraction are set on the different production modes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Observation of new excited ${B} ^0_{s}$ states

A structure is observed in the ${B} ^{\pm }{K} ^{\mp }$ mass spectrum in a sample of proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9$\,\text {fb} ^{-1}$. The structure is interpreted as the result of overlapping excited ${B} ^0_{s}$ states. With high significance, a two-peak hypothesis provides a better description of the data than a single resonance. Under this hypothesis the masses and widths of the two states, assuming they decay directly to ${B} ^{\pm }{K} ^{\mp }$, are determined to be $\begin{aligned} m_1&= 6063.5 \pm 1.2 \text { (stat)} \pm 0.8\text { (syst)}\,\text {Me}\text {V}, \\ \Gamma _1&= 26 \pm 4 \text { (stat)} \pm 4\text { (syst)}\,\text {Me}\text {V}, \\ m_2&= 6114 \pm 3 \text { (stat)} \pm 5\text { (syst)}\,\text {Me}\text {V}, \\ \Gamma _2&= 66 \pm 18 \text { (stat)} \pm 21\text { (syst)}\,\text {Me}\text {V}. \end{aligned}$ Alternative values assuming a decay through ${B} ^{*\pm }{K} ^{\mp }$, with a missing photon from the $B^{*\pm } \rightarrow B^{\pm }\gamma $ decay, which are shifted by approximately 45 $\,\text {Me}$V, are also determined. The possibility of a single state decaying in both channels is also considered. The ratio of the total production cross-section times branching fraction of the new states relative to the previously observed $B_{s2}^{*0}$ state is determined to be $0.87 \pm 0.15 \text { (stat)} \pm 0.19 \text { (syst)}$.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Kaon physics without new physics in $$ \varepsilon _K$$

Abstract Despite the observation of significant suppressions of $$b\rightarrow s\mu ^+\mu ^-$$ b → s μ + μ - branching ratios no clear sign of New Physics (NP) has been identified in $$\Delta F=2$$ Δ F = 2 observables $$\Delta M_{d,s}$$ Δ M d , s , $$\varepsilon _K$$ ε K and the mixing induced CP asymmetries $$S_{\psi K_S}$$ S ψ K S and $$S_{\psi \phi }$$ S ψ ϕ . Assuming negligible NP contributions to these observables allows to determine CKM parameters without being involved in the tensions between inclusive and exclusive determinations of $$|V_{cb}|$$ | V cb | and $$|V_{ub}|$$ | V ub | . Furthermore this method avoids the impact of NP on the determination of these parameters present likely in global fits. Simultaneously it provides SM predictions for numerous rare K and B branching ratios that are most accurate to date. Analyzing this scenario within $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ models we point out, following the 2009 observations of Monika Blanke and ours of 2020, that despite the absence of NP contributions to $$\varepsilon _K$$ ε K , significant NP contributions to $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ , $$K_{L}\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K L → π 0 ν ν ¯ , $$K_S\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ K S → μ + μ - , $$K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0\ell ^+\ell ^-$$ K L → π 0 ℓ + ℓ - , $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ ε ′ / ε and $$\Delta M_K$$ Δ M K can be present. In the simplest scenario, this is guaranteed, as far as flavour changes are concerned, by a single non-vanishing imaginary left-handed $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ coupling $$g^L_{sd}$$ g sd L . This scenario implies very stringent correlations between the Kaon observables considered by us. In particular, the identification of NP in any of these observables implies automatically NP contributions to the remaining ones under the assumption of non-vanishing flavour conserving $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ couplings to $$q{\bar{q}}$$ q q ¯ , $$\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ ν ν ¯ , and $$\mu ^+\mu ^-$$ μ + μ - . A characteristic feature of this scenario is a strict correlation between $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ and $$K_{L}\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K L → π 0 ν ν ¯ branching ratios on a branch parallel to the Grossman-Nir bound. Moreover, $$\Delta M_K$$ Δ M K is automatically suppressed as seems to be required by the results of the RBC-UKQCD lattice QCD collaboration. Furthermore, there is no NP contribution to $$K_L\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ K L → μ + μ - which otherwise would bound NP effects in $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ . Of particular interest are the correlations of $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K + → π + ν ν ¯ and $$K_{L}\rightarrow \pi ^0\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ K L → π 0 ν ν ¯ branching ratios and of $$\Delta M_K$$ Δ M K with the ratio $$\varepsilon '/\varepsilon $$ ε ′ / ε . We investigate the impact of renormalization group effects in the context of the SMEFT on this simple scenario.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm 0.6$% and 84.1$\pm 0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Deep learning assisted jet tomography for the study of Mach cones in QGP

Abstract Mach cones are expected to form in the expanding quark-gluon plasma (QGP) when energetic quarks and gluons traverse the hot medium at a velocity faster than the speed of sound in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The shape of the Mach cone and the associated diffusion wake are sensitive to the initial jet production location and the propagation direction of the parton shower relative to the radial flow because of the distortion caused by the collective expansion of the QGP and the large density gradient. The shape of jet-induced Mach cones and their distortions in heavy-ion collisions provide a unique and direct probe of the dynamical evolution and the equation of state of QGP. However, it is difficult to identify the Mach cone and the diffusion wake in current experimental measurements of final hadron distributions because they are averaged over all possible initial jet production locations and parton-shower propagation directions. To overcome this difficulty, we develop a deep learning assisted jet tomography which uses the full information of the final hadrons from jets to localize the initial jet production positions. This method can help to constrain the initial regions of jet production in heavy-ion collisions and enable a differential study of Mach-cones with different path lengths and orientations relative to the radial flow of the QGP in heavy-ion collisions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Optical filters made from random metasurfaces using Bayesian optimization

Abstract We theoretically investigate the ability to design optical filters from a single material and a single layer of randomly dispersed resonant dielectric particles, defining a random metasurface. Using a Bayesian and generalized Mie inverse-design approach, we design particle radii distributions that give rise to longpass, shortpass, bandpass, and bandstop spectral bands in the infrared. The optical response is shown to be directly related to electric and magnetic multipole scattering of the constituent particles and their near field coupling. We discuss the effect of the particle size distribution and particle–particle coupling interactions on filter design in random systems lacking long-range order.

Materials Science↗

Event generators for high-energy physics experiments

We provide an overview of the status of Monte-Carlo event generators for high-energy particle physics. Guided by the experimental needs and requirements, we highlight areas of active development, and opportunities for future improvements. Particular emphasis is given to physics models and algorithms that are employed across a variety of experiments. These common themes in event generator development lead to a more comprehensive understanding of physics at the highest energies and intensities, and allow models to be tested against a wealth of data that have been accumulated over the past decades. A cohesive approach to event generator development will allow these models to be further improved and systematic uncertainties to be reduced, directly contributing to future experimental success. Event generators are part of a much larger ecosystem of computational tools. They typically involve a number of unknown model parameters that must be tuned to experimental data, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying physics models. Making both these data, and the analyses with which they have been obtained accessible to future users is an essential aspect of open science and data preservation. It ensures the consistency of physics models across a variety of experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Heavy Flavor and Jet Studies for the Future Electron-Ion Collider to Explore the Hadronization Process

Heavy flavor production at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will allow us to precisely determine the quark/gluon fragmentation processes in vacuum and the nuclear medium especially within the poorly constrained kinematic region. Heavy flavor hadron and jet reconstructions with the recent EIC detector design have been studied in simulation. Results of corresponding physics projections such as the flavor dependent hadron nuclear modification factor R_{eA} R e A in electron+nucleus collisions will be shown. The statistical precision obtained by these proposed heavy flavor measurements for the future EIC provides a strong discriminating power in separating different theoretical predictions.

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Neutrinos and the Dark Sector [Slides]

The presentation covers the following topics: Neutrino Properties; Short Baseline Neutrino Anomalies; Dark Sector Models; SBN Project at Fermilab; CCM Experiment at Lujan; and, Conclusion.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Neutrino Scattering Measurements on Hydrogen and Deuterium: A Snowmass White Paper

Neutrino interaction uncertainties are a limiting factor in current and next-generation experiments probing the fundamental physics of neutrinos, a unique window on physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrino-nucleon scattering amplitudes are an important part of the neutrino interaction program. However, since all modern neutrino detectors are composed primarily of heavy nuclei, knowledge of elementary neutrino-nucleon amplitudes relies heavily on experiments performed in the 1970s and 1980s, whose statistical and systematic precision are insufficient for current needs. In this white paper, we outline the motivation for attempting measurements on hydrogen and deuterium that would improve this knowledge, and we discuss options for making these measurements either with the DUNE near detector or with a dedicated facility.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Jet charge modification in dense QCD matter

In these proceedings we report a recent calculation of the jet charge modification in heavy-ion relative to proton collisions at the LHC. Jets have played an essential role in constraining theories of in-medium parton shower evolution and in determining the properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic nuclear reactions. It is important to extend these studies to flavor-tagged jets and explore observables that are sensitive to their partonic origin. The average jet charge, introduced early on in the history of quantum chromodynamics, is a proxy for the electric charge of the quark or gluon that initiates the jet. In the framework of soft-collinear effective theory, we show how to evaluate the jet charge in a dense strongly-interacting matter environments. We identify observables that can isolate the contribution of in-medium branching from isospin effects and present predictions for the transverse momentum dependence of the jet charge distribution in nucleus-nucleus collisions and its modification relative to the proton case.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗