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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 721 records · Page 40
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Data-driven design of metal–organic frameworks for wet flue gas CO 2 capture

Limiting the increase of CO 2 in the atmosphere is one of the largest challenges of our generation. Because carbon capture and storage is one of the few viable technologies that can mitigate current CO 2 emissions, much effort is focused on developing solid adsorbents that can efficiently capture CO 2 from flue gases emitted from anthropogenic sources. One class of materials that has attracted considerable interest in this context is metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in which the careful combination of organic ligands with metal-ion nodes can, in principle, give rise to innumerable structurally and chemically distinct nanoporous MOFs. However, many MOFs that are optimized for the separation of CO 2 from nitrogen do not perform well when using realistic flue gas that contains water, because water competes with CO 2 for the same adsorption sites and thereby causes the materials to lose their selectivity. Although flue gases can be dried, this renders the capture process prohibitively expensive. Here we show that data mining of a computational screening library of over 300,000 MOFs can identify different classes of strong CO 2 -binding sites-which we term 'adsorbaphores'-that endow MOFs with CO 2 /N 2 selectivity that persists in wet flue gases. We subsequently synthesized two water-stable MOFs containing the most hydrophobic adsorbaphore, and found that their carbon-capture performance is not affected by water and outperforms that of some commercial materials. Testing the performance of these MOFs in an industrial setting and consideration of the full capture process-including the targeted CO 2 sink, such as geological storage or serving as a carbon source for the chemical industry-will be necessary to identify the optimal separation material.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Net lithium deposition and dominant self-sputtering in lithium tokamak experiment-β with a liquid lithium wall

We observed enhanced net lithium deposition and lithium erosion, possibly dominated by physical sputtering of lithium by lithium-ion bombardment, on the outer plasma-facing surface in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-β (LTX-β) during liquid lithium wall operations. Silicon crystal samples with micro-trenches (30 μm × 30 μm × 2–7 μm deep) were exposed to hydrogen plasmas in LTX-β for solid and liquid lithium wall operations. Post-mortem analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with argon ion sputtering measured net lithium deposition of 8.2 or 21 nm on the silicon crystal surface exposed for ~ 50 repeated shots of ~ 50-ms hydrogen plasma discharges during the liquid lithium wall operations at a vessel temperature of 475 K. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measured oxygen concentration patterns on the micro-trench floors, which were due to oxidized lithium deposition. Using the inhomogeneous oxygen concentration pattern caused by an ion-shadowing effect associated with the micro-trench’s geometric structure, we determined a polar incident ion direction of 68.4 ± 1.6° referenced to the surface normal direction. This observation was well-explained by the hypothesis that self-sputtering of Li was a dominant lithium erosion source in addition to lithium sputtering by hydrogen bombardment.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Zonally dominated dynamics and Dimits threshold in curvature-driven ITG turbulence

The saturated state of turbulence driven by the ion-temperature-gradient instability is investigated using a two-dimensional long-wavelength fluid model that describes the perturbed electrostatic potential and perturbed ion temperature in a magnetic field with constant curvature (a $Z$ -pinch) and an equilibrium temperature gradient. Numerical simulations reveal a well-defined transition between a finite-amplitude saturated state dominated by strong zonal-flow and zonal temperature perturbations, and a blow-up state that fails to saturate on a box-independent scale. We argue that this transition is equivalent to the Dimits transition from a low-transport to a high-transport state seen in gyrokinetic numerical simulations (Dimits et al. , Phys. Plasmas , vol. 7, 2000, 969). A quasi-static staircase-like structure of the temperature gradient intertwined with zonal flows, which have patch-wise constant shear, emerges near the Dimits threshold. The turbulent heat flux in the low-collisionality near-marginal state is dominated by turbulent bursts, triggered by coherent long-lived structures closely resembling those found in gyrokinetic simulations with imposed equilibrium flow shear (van Wyk et al. , J. Plasma Phys. , vol. 82, 2016, 905820609). The breakup of the low-transport Dimits regime is linked to a competition between the two different sources of poloidal momentum in the system – the Reynolds stress and the advection of the diamagnetic flow by the $\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$ flow. By analysing the linear ion-temperature-gradient modes, we obtain a semi-analytic model for the Dimits threshold at large collisionality.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2026

Machine Learning Digital Twin for Lithium Ion Battery State of Health Predictions

A digital twin system has been established to model the long term degradation of the state of health of lithium ion batteries. Two data streams result from the computational model of the system and from the physical experiment measurements. A machine learning pipeline has been developed at the nexus of these data streams. Leveraging the unique data sources in multiple transfer learning approaches has lead to the development of multiple cell specific machine learning digital twins. Our discussion on this first of its kind technology will cover challenges in data ingestion, scalability, architecture and orchestration, and research findings.

25 - ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Methods for estimating X-ray machine output through measurement and simulation

We report ball grid arrays are increasingly being applied in the electronics industry and may require X-ray inspection to ensure the integrity and correct placement of solder pins. However, as the architecture of integrated circuits continues to narrow while simultaneously growing more complex, the risk of electronic failure due to radiation damage increases. While medical X-ray devices have been held to high standards and are repeatedly shown to be well characterized, devices used for electronic inspection are often lacking detailed characterization. This study presents unique methods to solve for important properties in X-ray inspection devices such as source to object distance and energy spectrum. This information can then be applied to Monte Carlo models to achieve better overall dose estimates to electronics, which will lead to superior manufactured products. Since X-ray devices can vary greatly in source characteristics, this work investigates spectral measurement and Monte Carlo representation of three X-ray devices. For a Philips SRO 33 100 medical diagnostic device, the spectral output followed expected trends given by the prediction software SpekCalc and Spektr. For the Dage XD7500NT, direct measurement showed a spectral artifact that through the use of Gafchromic films, was shown to be a contributing effect in the dose output. For the Rad Source RS1800, a high powered irradiation device, direct spectral measurement was not achieved. However, a Monte Carlo model using an assumed spectra was found to match ion chamber measurements to a high degree.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Advancing Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes: A Low-Cost, Eco-Friendly Mechanofusion Route from TiO 2 Coating to Ti 4+ Doping

Layered oxide battery cathodes often require extra stabilization strategies, such as surface coating or doping, to mitigate side reactions and enhance longevity. Conventional methods such as aqueous deposition and atomic layer deposition are costly and environmentally unfriendly and even damage the original structure, especially for air-sensitive sodium-ion battery (SIB) cathodes. Herein, we introduce an all-dry mechanofusion technique that modifies hydroxide precursors with TiO 2 coating before sintering with a sodium source. Using advanced characterizations including X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for structural insights, X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study metal valence states, and transmission X-ray microscopy for nanoscale visualization of nickel oxidation states, we verified that postsintering transforms TiO 2 surface coating into Ti doping, leading to improved Ni-oxidation homogeneity, modified charge compensation, and enhanced thermal stability. Electrochemical tests reveal superior performance in capacity retention, rate capability, and air stability for these modified cathodes, with pouch cells maintaining over 85% capacity after 650 cycles. This method presents a sustainable, cost-effective route for advanced SIB cathode development.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Using statistical modeling to predict and understand fusion experiments

Over 300 cryogenic layered direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions have been successfully executed on the OMEGA Laser System in the last decade. However, extracting sufficient understanding from these experiments to develop new designs or to identify or mitigate degradation sources remains challenging. Recently, a statistical modeling approach was developed to successfully design and predict improved implosion experiments on OMEGA. Here, we show that one-dimensional simulations can be used to predict the outcomes of systematically perturbed three-dimensional simulations and that this statistical modeling approach can be used to identify or rule out physical mechanisms for some of the degradation sources observed on the OMEGA Laser System for direct-drive cryogenic inertial confinement fusion. In this instance, we investigate the fusion yield dependencies on the ion temperature asymmetries and laser beam size observed in experiments by comparing with trends in three-dimensional synthetic simulation databases. Using the statistical model on these systematically perturbed simulations, we find that the statistically inferred dependency on the measured ion temperature asymmetries is well explained by imposed ℓ =1 modes. However, we find that the dependency on the laser beam size is only dominated by the illumination non-uniformity for some extreme cases.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Feasibility study of a high spatial and time resolution beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic for localized density fluctuation measurements in Lithium Tokamak eXperiment-β (LTX-β)

Trapped electron mode (TEM) is the main source of turbulence predicted for the unique operation regime of a flat temperature profile under low-recycling conditions in the LTX-β tokamak, while ion temperature gradient driven turbulence may also occur with gas fueling from the edge. To investigate mainly TEM scale density fluctuations, a high spatial and time resolution 2D beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic is being developed. Apart from spatially localized density turbulence measurement, BES can provide turbulence flow and flow shear dynamics. This BES system will be realized using an avalanche photodiode-based camera and narrow band interference filter. The system can acquire data at 2 MHz. Simulations with the Simulation of Spectra (SOS) code indicate that a high signal to noise ratio can be achieved with the proposed system. This will enable sampling the density fluctuations at this high time resolution. Finally, the design considerations and system optimization using the SOS code are presented.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Drift kinetic electrostatic simulations of the edge localized mode heat pulse

In the present work, electrostatic drift kinetic simulations of parallel plasma transport within the tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) are conducted using the COGENT code. The SOL configuration is represented in one-dimensional slab geometry, incorporating a heat source localized in the midplane. The heat source parameters correspond to those characterizing edge-localized modes observed in the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak. The numerical model includes kinetic treatment of both ions and electrons, a simplified model for the gyrokinetic Poisson equation that allows one to step over short time scales associated with fast electrostatic shear Alfvèn waves, and the logical sheath boundary condition (LSBC) that enforces global system quasineutrality. A third-order accurate LSBC is derived to be consistent with the third-order accurate upwind advection scheme utilized in the code, and it was shown to noticeably impact the simulation results, especially parallel heat flux at the target plate. The findings of this study are in agreement with results from preceding fluid and kinetic simulations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Anticathode effect on electron kinetics in electron beam generated E × B plasma

Electron beam (e-beam) generated plasmas with applied crossed electric and magnetic (E x B) fields are promising for low damage processing of materials with applications to microelectronics and quantum information systems. In cylindrical e-beam E x B plasmas, radial confinement of electrons and ions is achieved by an axial magnetic field and radial electric field, respectively. To control the axial confinement of electrons, such e-beam generated plasma sources may incorporate a conducting boundary known as an anticathode, which is placed on the axially opposite side of the plasma from the cathode. In this work, it is shown that varying the anticathode voltage bias can control the degree to which the anticathode collects or repels incident electrons, allowing control of warm electron (electron energies in 10–30 eV range) and beam electron population confinement. It is suggested that the effect of the anticathode bias on the formation of these distinct electron populations is also associated with the transition between weak turbulence and strong Langmuir turbulence.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Recent progress in laser wire-based H- beam diagnostics at the SNS linac

Laser wire has been used for nonintrusive profile and emittance measurements of operational hydrogen ion (H-) beam at the SNS linac. In this talk, we will describe the following recent developments in the laser wire system. 1) An upgraded light source and laser transport line which enables novel measurement capabilities including longitudinal profile measurement and high-energy proton beam extraction over potentially an entire macropulse. 2) A dual-detector emittance measurement scheme that boosted the dynamic range by an order of magnitude. 3) Design and implementation laser-wire-based nonintrusive longitudinal phase space measurement system.

Liu, Yun↗
DOE OSTI2021

Oxygen isotope evidence for input of magmatic fluids and precipitation of Au-Ag-tellurides in an otherwise ordinary adularia-sericite epithermal system in NE China

Abstract Tellurium-rich (Te) adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits are an important current and future source of precious and critical metals. However, the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids in these deposits are masked by traditional bulk analysis of quartz oxygen isotope ratios that homogenize fine-scale textures and growth zones. To advance understanding of the source of Te and precious metals, herein, we use petrographic and cathodoluminescence (CL) images of such textures and growth zones to guide high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) oxygen isotope analyses (10 µm spot) and spatially correlated fluid inclusion microthermometric measurements on successive quartz bands in contemporary Te-rich and Te-poor adularia-sericite (-quartz) epithermal Au-Ag vein deposits in northeastern China. The results show that large positive oxygen isotope shifts from –7.1 to +7.7‰ in quartz rims are followed by precipitation of Au-Ag telluride minerals in the Te-rich deposit, whereas small oxygen isotope shifts of only 4‰ (–2.2 to +1.6‰) were detected in quartz associated with Au-Ag minerals in the Te-poor deposits. Moreover, fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures are higher in comb quartz rims (avg. 266.4 to 277.5 °C) followed by Au-Ag telluride minerals than in previous stages (~250 °C) in the Te-rich deposit. The Te-poor deposit has a consistent temperature (~245 °C) in quartz that pre- and postdates Au-Ag minerals. Together, the coupled increase in oxygen isotope ratios and homogenization temperatures followed by precipitation of Au-Ag tellurides strongly supports that inputs of magmatic fluid containing Au, Ag, and Te into barren meteoric water-dominated flow systems are critical to the formation of Te-rich adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits. In contrast, Te-poor adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits show little or no oxygen isotope or fluid-inclusion evidence for inputs of magmatic fluid.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Internship Experience

I started my internship in January 2022 but the research on measuring dispersion and loss of 355nm light from a silicon oxide waveguide began in August 2022 which will be the focus of this paper. The motivation of this project is to determine whether it is possible to use pulsed 355nm light in an integrated waveguide within an ion trap chip. To begin this project, light from the 355nm Coherent Paladin laser was coupled into a fiber which will be referred to as the “source fiber.” After coupling into a fiber, loss and dispersion measurements could be performed as this fiber was used to deliver light to each of the experiments which will be covered in detail in the following paragraphs.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Magnetic Nanoparticle Extraction of Lithium from Produced Waters - CRADA 483 (Final Report)

The demand for lithium in the energy production industry is expected to increase sharply, development of simple and cost-effective techniques for lithium production and recovery from various lithium sources is essential. In this project, core/shell magnetic nanoparticles were successfully designed to selectively extract lithium from aqueous lithium sources as an extension of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s magnetic nanofluid extraction technology. The core/shell magnetic nanoparticles are composed of manganese oxide-based lithium ion sieve shells, which allow selective lithium uptake from brines with multiple coexisting ions, over iron oxide cores, which can respond to external magnetic fields for effective recovery and reuse of adsorbents from a liquid. The synthesized lithium ion-sieves and core/shell magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using several techniques to reveal their crystallinity and morphology. The lithium uptake properties of the lithium ion-sieves and core/shell magnetic nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of lithium adsorption capacity, removal percentage, selectivity, and cycling performance in simulated and natural brines. Magnetic properties of the core/shell magnetic nanoparticles were tested by measuring magnetic saturation, and magnetic response of colloidal solutions containing the core/shell magnetic nanoparticles was tested with permanent magnets.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Results of a Soil Flushing Treatability Test for Hanford Site Hexavalent Chromium Removal - 20446

U.S. Department of Energy contractor CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company has made significant progress remediating hexavalent chromium in groundwater near the Columbia River through the operation of pump and treat facilities and source removal activities. To mitigate risks associated with hexavalent chromium contamination, which was identified in a CERCLA interim action record of decision as the primary groundwater contaminant of concern for the 100-KR-4 Operable Unit from discharging to the Columbia River, three ion-exchange pump and treat systems were installed between 1997 and 2009. Between 2010 and 2016, operation of the K West pump and treat system, located near the former 105K West plutonium production reactor, reduced concentrations below the groundwater remediation target for hexavalent chromium. In 2016, a rebound study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pump and treat remedy and assess the potential for any residual hexavalent chromium sources continuing to contribute to groundwater contamination. As a result of the rebound study, a source of continued groundwater contamination was identified. To address this condition, a soil flushing treatability test was written and approved by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The test included saturating about a 1-acre area of soil with treated water with the goal of forcing the residual hexavalent chromium to groundwater where existing extraction wells could remove it for treatment, accelerating the cleanup process. In spring and summer 2019, CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company installed and began operating a shallow underground leach system to support the treatability test. Preliminary sampling data show the test was effective in removing the residual contamination. Following further evaluation and analysis from the initial test, the process will be considered for implementation elsewhere on the Hanford Site, particularly at locations where there is a known or suspected continuing contamination source in the soil column. The paper will cover the goals of the study, as well as more details about the following: - Overview of pump and treat exit strategy (using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance); - The design and installation of the soil flushing technology in the 100-K Area; - The testing process and results of sampling data; - Post-study evaluation and potential for implementation in other locations at the Hanford Site. Innovative solutions for cleanup, such as the soil flushing technology, have resulted in substantial progress in the removal of groundwater contaminants at the Hanford Site, potentially shortening the time frame required to meet cleanup goals and resulting in significant cost savings. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Analyzing the upscaling potential and geospatial siting of calcination-free calcium hydroxide production in the United States

This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility and the embodied carbon dioxide intensity (eCI) of a novel process for producing nominally pure (>95 mass %) calcium hydroxide without the need for the thermal calcination of limestone. The process relies on the aqueous extraction of calcium from alkaline industrial wastes following which portlandite (Ca(OH) 2 : CH, a.k.a. slaked lime or hydrated lime) is precipitated by application of a waste-heat based thermal swing. This approach takes advantage of the temperature dependent solubility of CH at ambient pressure. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing this process in the U.S. based on the geospatial availability of waste heat and slags as a Ca-source. For the base case, the cost of production of “Low-Temperature Portlandite (LTP)” is 2-to-3 times that of traditional portlandite (~$180/tonne). The main driver of cost is the electricity demand for reverse osmosis (RO) which is used to concentrate Ca-ions in solution, and the costs of membrane replacement. Our sensitivity analysis showed that parity with the cost of production of traditional portlandite is readily achievable by selecting membranes with better durability (i.e., better pH resistance) and flux (i.e., higher permeability) without sacrificing selectivity. Significantly, LTP features an eCI that is between 40%- and - 80 % lower than its traditional counterpart when electricity is sourced from natural gas combustion or wind power, respectively. Finally, our geospatial analysis reveals that there are three areas in the U.S. with the potential for implementation of industrial-scale facilities that could produce at least 50 tonnes of pure Ca(OH) 2 per day, while achieving a production cost of ~$270 per tonne of Ca(OH) 2 , owing to the proximity between slag feedstocks and waste heat sources.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Design and fabrication of ion traps for low RF power dissipation

Large surface-electrode ion traps with multiple trapping regions and junctions are a natural approach to scaling trapped ion quantum computers, supporting the connectivity and ion counts necessary for complex quantum algorithms. However, a major hurdle in this scaling is on-chip power dissipation from the applied RF voltage, which increases at a rate between linear and cubic relative to trap size, depending on whether the losses are dielectric or Ohmic. Here, we present two versions of a trap with features designed to reduce both types of RF power dissipation. The first variant contains a raised RF electrode that increases the electrode–ground distance to reduce capacitance. Different DC voltage sources are demonstrated on this trap to show that technical noise before the filter remains the dominant source of voltage noise and therefore motional heating. The second variant additionally includes a method for removing dielectric from beneath the RF electrode to further reduce dielectric losses. These traps were demonstrated at room temperature with 40 Ca + ions. In conclusion, the similar heating rates and heating rate axial frequency dependencies between 2.4 and 3.0 MHz illustrate that this dielectric modification is not detrimental to trap performance.

Sterk, J. D. [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Digitalization mapping and assessment process supporting ION strategic transformation activities

The existing fleet of commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) are an important asset in the nation’s portfolio of electrical generating resources. Their continued safe and reliable operation are critical to providing a large source of carbon-free electricity to power the nation’s economy. The United States Department of Energy’s (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program develops the scientific bases, methods, and tools, for the continued safe and economical operation of the nation's commercial NPPs. The Plant Modernization Pathway within LWRS Program focuses on providing guidance to industry on the full-scale implementation of modernization solutions for NPPs that significantly reduce the technical and financial risks associated with modernization. This research is focused on helping the nuclear industry understand how to digitize and digitalize their NPPs so that they can design their modernization solutions to be scalable, sustainable, and integrated both laterally and horizontally within their organization. That is, this research creates a digital transformation in NPPs by reshaping cultural mindsets and by identifying business efficiencies. In partnership with industry, and using four previously established guiding principles for digitalization, this research supported NPP modernization through assessing readiness for digitalization as a means to achieve integrated operations for nuclear. Specifically, this research created an assessment to review an entire organization’s work processes to gather information about the digitalization health of the plant. The assessment tools were administered to plant employees, and the results were used to develop a digitalization plan. The survey assessment identified the optimal candidate processes that would most benefit from a digitalization initiative which were revealed through analytical frameworks. One analysis calculated mean digitalization health indicator scores for all endorsed activities which allowed the researchers to rank and color code the results for easy identification. Individual health indicator scores are also provided, should our industry partner wish to understand these findings according to their own organizational priorities, business considerations and desired end-state. The results were also analyzed from the perspective that organizations are comprised of different types of innovators (e.g., generators, optimizers, conceptualizers, and implementers), which differentially affects the organization’s ability to comprehend and adapt to change (i.e., opportunities to innovate). Understanding the relative composition of innovator types at an NPP allows them to gather insights into the strengths and weaknesses they have in innovating how work is performed. For the utility that partnered with this research team, the results showed that implementers make up the largest portion of respondents and conceptualizers the smallest portion. Knowing the proportion of innovator types gave this organization insights on how they can effectively implement their innovation solutions. Additionally, the results were analyzed from a technical, economic, and risk perspective to identify and quantify work reduction opportunities (WROs). Recognizing that not all cost-saving opportunities are the same, a Technical, Economic and Risk Assessment (TERA) was performed to evaluate WROs to identify areas of greatest potential and lowest risk. The key results from TERA included a digitalization opportunity score for each activity, and a calculation of potential cost savings. These two outputs formed the bases for calculating a priority index and rank for the activities/processes assessed. From the prioritization calculations, TERA can then help the utility 1) decide what digitalization priorities to invest money in implementing and then 2) calculates how much should be invested in the digitalization initiatives selected to achieve cost savings and/or an acceptable return on investment. Last, onsite interviews revealed several inefficiencies in the standard work processes that occur cross-departmentally that are due to the absence of digitized and digitalized processes. Examples of these include time spent scanning paper documents and then uploading the documents electronically, obtaining signatures, and searching for desired information. This represents a digital but not digitalized process. Over 15 opportunities to improve work processes were identified through this multi-method digitalization assessment. The various analytical assessments used (e.g., TERA, digitalization health indicator scores), as well as discussions with the utility partner, corroborated that all the opportunities identified had a strong potential to make work processes more efficient and to improve overall performance of the NPP.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗