Energy Demand of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Based Fertilizers and Approaches to Circularity
Not Available
03 NATURAL GAS↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “demand”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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On-Demand Aligned DNA Hydrogel Via Light Scanning
DNA is an anisotropic, water-attracting, and biocompatible material, an ideal building block for hydrogel. The alignment of the anisotropic DNA chains is essential to maximize hydrogel properties, which has been little explored. Here, we present a method to fabricate the anisotropic DNA hydrogel that allows precise control for the polymerization process of photoreactive cationic monomers. Scanning ultraviolet light enables the uniaxial alignment of DNA chains through the polymerization-induced diffusive mass flow using a concentration gradient. In conclusion, while studying anisotropic mechanical properties and orientation recovery according to the DNA chain alignment direction, we demonstrate the potential of directionally controlled DNA hydrogels as smart materials.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
An on-demand, drop-on-drop method for studying enzyme catalysis by serial crystallography
Serial femtosecond crystallography has opened up many new opportunities in structural biology. In recent years, several approaches employing light-inducible systems have emerged to enable time-resolved experiments that reveal protein dynamics at high atomic and temporal resolutions. However, very few enzymes are light-dependent, whereas macromolecules requiring ligand diffusion into an active site are ubiquitous. In this work we present a drop-on-drop sample delivery system that enables the study of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in microcrystal slurries. The system delivers ligand solutions in bursts of multiple picoliter-sized drops on top of a larger crystal-containing drop inducing turbulent mixing and transports the mixture to the X-ray interaction region with temporal resolution. We demonstrate mixing using fluorescent dyes, numerical simulations and time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography, which show rapid ligand diffusion through microdroplets. The drop-on-drop method has the potential to be widely applicable to serial crystallography studies, particularly of enzyme reactions with small molecule substrates.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Mitigating emissions and costs through demand-side solutions in Chinese residential buildings
Not provided.
Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
Integrated hydrological, power system and economic modelling of climate impacts on electricity demand and cost
Impacts of climate-related water stress and temperature changes can cascade through energy systems, although models have yet to capture this compounding of effects. Here, we employ a coupled water–power–economy model to capture these important interactions in a study of the exceedance of water temperature thresholds for power generation in the western United States. We find that not all reductions in reserve electricity-generation capacity result in impacts, and that when they occur, intermittent interruptions in electricity supply at critical times of the day, week and year account for much of the economic impacts. Finally, we find that impacts may be in different locations from the original water stress. Herein, we estimate that the consumption loss can be up to 0.3% annually and the drivers identified in coupled modelling can increase the average cost of electricity by up to 3%. Integrated models will be needed to capture the cascading effects of climate change through climatic, water, energy and economic systems. Webster et al. now develop a coupled hydrologic–power-production–economic model to estimate water-stress impacts on electricity cost.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
The microbiome of a bacterivorous marine choanoflagellate contains a resource-demanding obligate bacterial associate
Abstract Microbial predators such as choanoflagellates are key players in ocean food webs. Choanoflagellates, which are the closest unicellular relatives of animals, consume bacteria and also exhibit marked biological transitions triggered by bacterial compounds, yet their native microbiomes remain uncharacterized. Here we report the discovery of a ubiquitous, uncultured bacterial lineage we name Candidatus Comchoanobacterales ord. nov., related to the human pathogen Coxiella and physically associated with the uncultured marine choanoflagellate Bicosta minor . We analyse complete ‘Comchoano’ genomes acquired after sorting single Bicosta cells, finding signatures of obligate host-dependence, including reduction of pathways encoding glycolysis, membrane components, amino acids and B-vitamins. Comchoano encode the necessary apparatus to import energy and other compounds from the host, proteins for host-cell associations and a type IV secretion system closest to Coxiella’s that is expressed in Pacific Ocean metatranscriptomes. Interactions between choanoflagellates and their microbiota could reshape the direction of energy and resource flow attributed to microbial predators, adding complexity and nuance to marine food webs.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
An organic device with volatility on demand
We report ion trapping in crystalline domains of electrochemical transistors can be used to create a device capable of both volatile and non-volatile operation.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Enabling multi-resolution droplet-on-demand metal jetting through tailored pulsing
Not Available
Sukhotskiy, Viktor↗
Employing bicontinuous-to-micellar transitions in nanostructure morphology for on-demand photo-oxidation responsive cytosolic delivery and off–on cytotoxicity
PEG- b -PPS bicontinuous nanospheres resist degradation and stably retain payloads within cells. When loaded with a photosensitizing agent, these nanospheres demonstrate off–on inducible photo-responsive release of cytotoxic agents into the cytosol of cells.
Bobbala, Sharan↗
Tunable product selectivity on demand: a mechanism-guided Lewis acid co-catalyst for CO 2 electroreduction to ethylene glycol
This work illustrates the feasibility of using Lewis acid/base co-catalysts to change the established chemical reaction mechanism of an electrocatalyst to form a new, chemically predictable, more valuable product in high yield.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Degradable semiconducting polymers without long-range order for on-demand degradation of transient electronics
Degradable, nanocrystalline semiconducting polymers lacking long-range order are able to degrade orders of magnitude faster than their semicrystalline counterparts.
Chiong, Jerika A.↗
Short-term load demand forecasting through rich features based on recurrent neural networks
With the emerging penetration of renewables and dynamic loads, the understanding of grid edge loading conditions becomes increasingly substantial. Load modelling researches commonly consist of explicitly expressed load models and non-explicitly expressed techniques, of which artificial intelligence approaches turn out to be the major path. This paper reveals the artificial intelligence-based load modelling technique to enhance the knowledge of current and future load information considering geographical and weather dependencies. This paper presents a recurrent neural network based sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq) model to forecast the short-term power loads. Also, a feature attention mechanism, which is along channel and time directions, is developed to improve the efficiency of feature learning. The experiments over three publicly available datasets demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Optimal Operation of Microgrids with Load-Differentiated Demand Response and Renewable Resources
Not provided.
Energy & Fuels↗
Quantifying Movement Motivations, Demand, and Inflow-Outflow Dynamics in Four Cities (New York, Chicago, Austin, and San Diego) During COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted a wide range of human activities, from food delivery habits to major moving and travel decisions. Results indicate multiple pandemic-related factors have influenced millions of relocation decisions by Americans (e.g., health risk, financial pressures, more space, and employment), and there are various positive economic and social outcomes of this influence (e.g., remote work and education), enabling more affordable living and opportunity. This paper addresses COVID-19 impacts on mobility, especially involving permanent relocations. Survey design and data analysis with U-Haul targeted customers in Austin, New York, San Diego, and Chicago to understand mobility, new moving dynamics, and motivations.
ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗
Passenger Boarding Station and Curbfront Configuration Concepts for On-Demand Services with Small Automated Vehicles
This paper explores the various configurations of off-line stations and vehicle berthing that have been found to be fundamentally important parameters in the analysis of system performance, operations, and capacity. The proposed automated transit network system concept, which provides a direct ride between a passenger's origin and destination station, is applicable to both fixed guideway automated transit and to systems with self-driving vehicles. Addressed at a conceptual level is the vehicle/station interface in terms of Americans with Disability Act compliance and station capacity concerns. The concept of open-edge platforms monitored by advanced sensing technology combined with artificial intelligence-powered perception for the purpose of protecting passengers from entering the active vehicle lanes is also discussed. Finally, the paper draws initial conclusions on how these station configurations, operational complexities, and associated costs can be better understood through appropriate research and development.
ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗