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At least 721 records · Page 40
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

UAS remote sensing (Osprey platform): Red-green-blue (RGB) imagery, thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, and canopy reflectance, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2019

Airborne remote sensing data collected using the Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) octocopter platform - the Osprey - operated by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Technology (TEST) group (https://www.bnl.gov/testgroup). This package includes data from 17 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Council Mile Maker 64 (MM64) and Teller MM27 sites in July, 2019. The Osprey is a multi-sensor UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) surface "skin" temperature imagery, as well as surface reflectance at 1 nm intervals in the visible to near-infrared spectral range from ~350-1000 nm measured at regular intervals along each flight path. This package provide the Level 0 (raw, unprocessed) data collected by the Osprey platform. Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions provided by the onboard flight and data collection computers are also included. Data and metadata are provided as text (*.txt, *.json), tabular (*.dat, *.csv, *.waypoint), and image (*.jpg) formats. This metadata document contains flight campaign, instrument and file metadata, along with a description of the L0 data, and file naming scheme. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Vegetation Warming Experiment: Environmental conditions, Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska, 2021

Environmental conditions measured in five warming chambers and paired ambient control plots located on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO), Utqiagvik, Alaska from 19 June - 17 September, 2021. These data were recorded in support of the Zero Power Warming (ZPW) vegetation warming experiment, a series of single season vegetation warming treatments conducted over four years from 2017-2021 (no experiment in 2020). Air temperature and humidity, infrared surface (canopy) temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), PRI (photochemical reflectance index), solar radiation and chamber venting were recorded in each chamber at 1 minute intervals. Ambient air temperature, humidity, solar radiation and uplooking PRI and NDVI were measured at a centrally located meteorology station. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was calculated and included in the final processed data products. Data has undergone full QA/QC and is presented as 1 minute data, and hourly and daily aggregate data products. This data package includes unprocessed raw data (*.dat files), processed data (*.csv) and metadata including a full description of sensors, calculations and processing (*.csv, *.pdf). See related NGEE-Arctic "Vegetation Warming Experiment" data packages for leaf-level gas exchange and other leaf trait data; chamber, plot and landscape phenocamera images; thaw depth, and GPS locations of chambers and ambient plots. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Digital camera imagery for vegetation phenology, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2019-2021

Time lapse camera images from Kougarok mile marker (MM) 64 and Teller MM 27 NGEE-Arctic field sites on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, captured from July 2019 to August 2021. Thirty three Wingscape Timelapse Pro cameras were deployed targeting patches of low and tall shrubs (including Alnus sp. and Salix sp.) and general vegetation and landscape views. Images from were recorded at hourly intervals from 11 AM to 2 PM, continuously for 25 months and capture vegetation phenology, snow accumulation and snow melt events. This data package includes images (*.jpg), organized by site and camera ID, and metadata with details of the cameras used, number of images recorded, start and end dates, GPS locations and example fields of view. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Digital camera imagery for vegetation phenology, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022-2023

Timelapse camera images from Council Mile Marker (MM) 71, Kougarok MM 64, Kougarok Fire Complex (KFC), and Teller MM 27 NGEE-Arctic field sites on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, captured from July 2022 to July 2023. Eight Wingscape Timelapse Pro cameras, and thirty-one Power-interval Camera Automation Modules (PiCAMs) designed by Brookhaven National Laboratory?s Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Technology (TEST) group were deployed targeting patches of low and tall shrubs (including Alnus sp. and Salix sp.) and general vegetation and landscape views. Images from Wingscape cameras were recorded at hourly intervals from 11 AM to 2 PM, and images from PiCAMs were recorded at 5 hourly intervals from 12 AM to 8 PM, continuously for 12 months and capture vegetation phenology, snow accumulation and snow melt events. This data package includes images (*.jpg), organized by site and camera ID, and metadata with details of the cameras used, number of images recorded, start and end dates, GPS locations and example fields of view. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Vegetation Warming Experiment: Leaf mass area, leaf carbon and nitrogen content, Utqiagvik, Alaska, 2021-2022

Leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf carbon and nitrogen content of an Arctic graminoid, Carex aquatilis, from within warming chambers and paired control plots. The plants were sampled in July 2021 and July 2022 as part of the Zero Power Warming (ZPW) vegetation warming experiment conducted on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO), Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow), Alaska. Samples include leaves used for gas exchange measurements and bulk harvests from each warming chamber and paired ambient plot. The files included in this data package are in .csv format, and include 3 data files and 4 metadata files. See related datasets for plant physiology, phenology, thaw depth and environmental conditions of the plots and warming chambers. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1971

Space shuttle: Aerodynamic stability and control characteristics of the NASA/MSC .006 scale 040-A delta wing orbiter

Experimental aerodynamic investigations were made on a .006 scale model 040-A delta wing space shuttle orbiter configuration. These tests were conducted to determine six-degree-of-freedom force and moment data for preliminary stability and control analysis. Data were obtained over a Mach number range from 0.6 to 4.96 at angles of attack from -10 deg to 50 deg at zero degrees sideslip and at angles of sideslip from -10 deg to 10 deg at constants angles of attack of 0 deg, 15 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg. Various aileron, elevator, (elevon) rudder and rudder flare deflection angles were tested to establish the control effectiveness and vehicle stability. Model component buildup data were also obtained to provide a data base for future configuration modifications. Plotted data results are presented in both the body and stability axis system.

Click, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Investigation of phase-change coatings for variable thermal control of spacecraft

An investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of producing a spacecraft coating system that could vary the ratio of its solar absorptance to thermal emittance to adjust automatically for changes in the thermal balance of a spacecraft. This study resulted in a new concept called the phase-change effect which uses the change that occurs in the optical properties of many materials during the phase transition from a crystalline solid to an amorphous material. A series of two-component model coatings was developed which, when placed on a highly reflecting substrate, exhibited a sharp decrease in solar absorptance within a narrow temperature range. A variable thermal control coating can have a significant amount of temperature regulation with the phase-change effect. Data are presented on several crystallite-polymer formulations, their physical and optical properties, and associated phase-change temperatures. Aspects pertaining to their use in a space environment and an example of the degree of thermal regulation attainable with these coatings is also given.

Kelliher, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Collisionless solar wind. II - Variable electron temperature.

Examination of a two-component ?model' for the solar wind, in which the protons become collisionless beyond a distance from the solar center equal to or greater than 10 solar radii, where they are already highly supersonic. The proton temperatures are found from the double adiabatic equation of state. The electrons are highly subsonic, and their temperature profile is prescribed ad hoc. The momentum equations for the electrons and protons are solved subject to the conditions of quasi-neutrality and zero charge efflux from the sun. Some of the principal results are: (1) the proton thermal anisotropy is substantially reduced when solar rotation is considered; (2) solar rotation leads to significantly lower mean proton temperatures; and (3) the electron temperature profile in the supersonic region is the primary parameter determining flow acceleration there.

Hollweg, J. V.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Moon - Possible nature of the body that produced the Imbrian Basin, from the composition of Apollo 14 samples.

Soils from the Apollo 14 site contain nearly three times as much meteoritic material as soils from the Apollo 11, Apollo 12, and Luna 16 sites. Part of this material consists of the ubiquitous micrometeorite component, of primitive (carbonaceous-chondrite-like) composition. The remainder, seen most conspicuously in coarse glass and norite fragments, has a decidedly fractionated composition, with volatile elements less than one-tenth as abundant as siderophiles. This material seems to be debris of the Cyprus-sized planetesimal that produced the Imbrian Basin. Compositionally this planetesimal has no exact counterpart among known meteorite classes, though group IVA irons come close. It also resembles the initial composition of the earth as postulated by the two-component model. Apparently the Imbrian planetesimal was an earth satellite swept up by the moon during tidal recession or capture, or an asteroid deflected by Mars into terrestrial space.

Ganapathy, R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Chemical fractionations in meteorites. V - Volatile and siderophile elements in achondrites and ocean ridge basalts.

Eighteen achondrites and 4 terrestrial basalts (3 ocean ridge, 1 continental) were analyzed by radiochemical neutron activation analysis for Ag, Au, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Ga, In, Ir, Rb, Se, Tl and Zn. Samples included 7 eucrites, 5 howardites, 2 nakhlites, 2 shergottites, an angrite, and an aubrite. Light and dark portions of the gas-rich meteorites Kapoeta and Pesyanoe were analyzed separately. Nakhlites and shergottites have volatile element abundances similar to those in ocean ridge basalts; eucrites, howardites, and angrites show greater depletions by an order of magnitude and less similar abundance patterns. In terms of a two-component model of planetary accretion, the parent planets contained the following percentages of low-temperature material: eucrites 0.8, nakhlites 38, shergottites 28. Shergottites may be genetically related to L-chondrites. The siderophile element pattern of achondrites resembles that of the moon, but with less extreme depletions.

Laul, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Systems simulation for an airport trailing vortex warning system

The approach, development, and limited system studies associated with a system simulation for an Airport Trailing Vortex Warning System are documented. The usefulness is shown of a systems engineering approach to the problem of developing a system, as dictated by aircraft vortices, which will increase air-traffic flow in the takeoff/landing corridors of busy airports while maintaining the required safety factor for each operation. The simulation program has been developed in a modular form which permits new, more sophisticated component models, when they become available and are required, to be incorporated into the program with a minimum of program modifications. This report documents a limited system study that has been performed using this Total System Simulation Model. The resulting preliminary system requirements, conclusions, and recommendations are given.

Jeffreys, H. B.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Results of investigations on a 0.0405 scale model PRR version of the NR-SSV orbiter in the North American Aeronautical Laboratory low speed wind tunnel

Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel on a scale model space shuttle vehicle (SSV) orbiter. The purpose of the test was to investigate the longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics of the space shuttle orbiter. Emphasis was placed on model component, wing-glove, and wing-body fairing effects, as well as elevon, aileron, and rudder control effectiveness. Angles of attack from - 5 deg to + 30 deg and angles of sideslip of - 5 deg, 0 deg, and + 5 deg were tested. Static pressures were recorded on base, fuselage, and wing surfaces. Tufts and talc-kerosene flow visualization techniques were also utilized. The aerodynamic force balance results are presented in plotted and tabular form.

Kingsland, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Results of investigations on a 0.0405 scale model ATP version of the NR-SSV orbiter in the North American Aeronautical Laboratory low speed wind tunnel

Experimental aerodynamic investigations were conducted on a scale model space shuttle vehicle (SSV) orbiter. The purpose of the test was to investigate the longitudinal and lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics. Emphasis was placed on model component, wing-glove, and wing-body fairing effects, as well as elevon, aileron, and rudder control effectiveness. Angles of attack from - 5 deg to + 30 deg and angles of sideslip from - 5 deg to + 10 deg were tested. Static pressures were recorded on base, fuselage, and wing surfaces. Tufts and talc-kerosene flow visualization techniques were also utilized. The aerodynamic force balance results are presented in plotted and tabular form.

Mennell, R.↗