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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 721 records · Page 40
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

ECP libraries and tools: An overview

The Exascale Computing Project (ECP) Software Technology and Co-Design teams addressed the growing complexities in high-performance computing (HPC) by developing scalable software libraries and tools that leverage exascale system capabilities. As we enter the exascale era, the need for reusable, optimized software solutions that can handle the unique challenges posed by these systems becomes increasingly important. The primary challenges the ECP teams faced were to create software libraries and tools that are performant on exascale architectures and portable and usable across diverse hardware platforms. Efforts addressed issues related to concurrent execution, memory management, and the integration of heterogeneous computing resources, such as GPUs from multiple vendors. The ECP’s strategy involved a structured development process encompassing the creation, optimization, and deployment of software in collaboration with industry, academia, and national laboratories. The project was organized into several technical areas: co-design of domain-specific suites with target applications, programming models and runtimes, development tools, mathematical libraries, data and visualization tools, and software ecosystem and delivery mechanisms. ECP has successfully developed a large portfolio of software libraries and tools that demonstrate significant improvements in performance and scalability on exascale systems. These products have been integrated into the Department of Energy’s computing facilities, supporting various scientific applications and ensuring robust performance across different hardware setups. ECP advancements in software development for exascale computing highlight the importance of a collaborative and adaptive approach to handling next-generation HPC systems complexities. The lessons learned emphasize the need for continuous engagement with end-users and vendors, and the importance of maintaining a balance between innovation and practical implementation. Future efforts will focus on ensuring scalability, keeping pace with rapid hardware advancements, and further enhancing the interoperability and usability of the software ecosystem. In conclusion, subsequent articles in this special issue provide in-depth discussions and case studies into specific library and tool efforts.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS2000

The 2001 Mars In-Situ-Propellant-Production Precursor (MIP) Flight Demonstration

The successful performance of the five individual demonstrations of MARS IN-SITU-PROPELLANT-PRODUCTION PRECURSOR (MIP) will provide both knowledge of and confidence in the reliability of this technology. At the completion of this flight demonstration, the MIP Team will be able to: a) recommend preferred hardware configurations for the intake and adsorption of carbon dioxide from the Martian atmosphere; b) understand the performance characteristics of zirconia cells to generate propellant-grade oxygen; c) understand long-term performance characteristics of advanced solar cells/arrays operated in the actual Mars environment; d) evaluate the functionality of methods to mitigate the deposition of airborne dust onto solar arrays; and e) recommend preferred hardware designs for innovative thermal management including the radiation of heat to the outside environment.

Kaplan, David I.↗
NASA NTRS1988

NASA newsletters for the Weber Student Shuttle Involvement Project

Biweekly reports generated for the Weber Student Shuttle Involvement Project (SSIP) are discussed. The reports document the evolution of science, hardware, and logistics for this Shuttle project aboard the eleventh flight of the Space Transportation System (STS-41B), launched from Kennedy Space Center on February 3, 1984, and returned to KSC 8 days later. The reports were intended to keep all members of the team aware of progress in the project and to avoid redundancy and misunderstanding. Since the Weber SSIP was NASA's first orbital rat project, documentation of all actions was essential to assure the success of this complex project. Eleven reports were generated: October 3, 17 and 31; November 14 and 28; and December 12 and 17, 1983; and January 3, 16, and 23; and May 1, 1984. A subject index of the reports is included. The final report of the project is included as an appendix.

Morey-Holton, E. R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Real-time Condition Monitoring of Power Modules in Grid-tied Power Converter

This paper proposes and demonstrates a real-time condition monitoring method using gate driver integrated sensing circuits and sensor fusion algorithms. Power device on-state voltage (VDSon) measurement and junction temperature (Tj) sensing circuits with high noise immunity are built and integrated into an adaptive gate driver circuit for power modules. Considering the inherently noisy measurement environment of power converters, VDSon together with several other measurements are fused together to provide accurate descriptions of the stress and degradation of each power device. Furthermore, the gate driver circuit can actively control the turn-on gate voltage (VGSon) for each device based on the stress and degradation state. The proposed sensing circuits and power device condition assessment algorithms are implemented in a 75 KVA grid-tied power converter. This paper focuses on the sensing circuits hardware designs and testing in grid-tied power converter prototype and device stress index generation. More comprehensive results on the device state of health index generation will be presented in future work.

Fan, Junchong↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum Computing and Visualization: A Disruptive Technological Change Ahead

The focus of this Visualization Viewpoints article is to provide some background on quantum computing (QC), to explore ideas related to how visualization helps in understanding QC, and examine how QC might be useful for visualization with the growth and maturation of both technologies in the future. In a quickly evolving technology landscape, QC is emerging as a promising pathway to overcome the growth limits in classical computing. In some cases, QC platforms offer the potential to vastly outperform the familiar classical computer by solving problems more quickly or that may be intractable on any known classical platform. As further performance gains for classical computing platforms are limited by diminishing Moore’s Law scaling, QC platforms might be viewed as a potential successor to the current field of exascale-class platforms. Importantly, while present-day QC hardware platforms are still limited in scale, the field of quantum computing is robust and rapidly advancing in terms of hardware capabilities, software environments for developing quantum algorithms, and educational programs for training the next generation of scientists and engineers. After a brief introduction to QC concepts, the focus of this article is to explore the interplay between the fields of visualization and QC. First, visualization has played a role in QC by providing the means to show representations of the quantum state of single-qubits in superposition states and multiple-qubits in entangled states. Second, there are a number of ways in which the field of visual data exploration and analysis may potentially benefit from this disruptive new technology though there are challenges going forward.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

LLM-Inference-Bench: Inference Benchmarking of Large Language Models on AI Accelerators

Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled groundbreaking advancements across several domains and are commonly used for text generation applications. However, the computational demands of these complex models pose significant challenges, requiring efficient hardware acceleration. Benchmarking the performance of LLMs across diverse hardware platforms is crucial to understanding their scalability and throughput characteristics. We introduce LLM-Inference-Bench, a comprehensive benchmarking suite to evaluate the hardware inference performance of LLMs. We thoroughly analyze diverse hardware platforms, including GPUs from Nvidia and AMD and specialized AI accelerators, Intel Habana and SambaNova. Our evaluation includes several LLM inference frameworks and models from LLaMA, Mistral, and Qwen families with 7B and 70B parameters. Our benchmarking results reveal the strengths and limitations of various models, hardware platforms, and inference frameworks. We provide an interactive dashboard to help identify configurations for optimal performance for a given hardware platform.

Chitty-Venkata, Krishna Teja↗
DOE OSTI2021

TRUST Nonlinear Dynamics Testbed Assessment

The following assessment evaluates the efficacy of the control script for carrying out a linear signal to generate a linear mechanical response of the system: the TRUST nonlinear dynamics (TRUSTND) testbed. The hardware has three main components: the controller (NI PXIe 8861) embedded in the National Instruments chassis (NI PXIe 1092), the signal amplifier (The Modal Shop Linear Power Amplifier 2050E09) to amplify the output of a custom LabVIEW script, and a shaker (The Modal Shop Electrodynamic Exciter 2075E) where wave spring specimens live and are tested within the attached aluminum testbed (center mass). Different kinds of signals (single-tone, swept frequency and white noise) were sent through this hardware in the E-1 lab space at TA-53. First, the linearity of the setup was tested by specifying a sine wave in the control script and checking the quality of the oscillations in a wave spring (McMaster-Carr 9714K19 [1]). When passing a sine wave through the amplifier was succeeded, the frequency response of the wave spring was tested with white noise for comparison to finite-element model predictions. The testbed outputs a repeatable, linear response to the input excitation when used with the wave spring. These measurements reduce the uncertainty associated with the testbed and test procedure to better characterize uncertainty associated with material behavior (SX358 foam samples) in future tests

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Virtualizing Industrial Control Networks for Cyber Resilience Experiments

Industrial control systems (ICS) networks are undergoing constant shifts to accommodate new security measures. It is challenging to test varying network configurations and security tools with physical systems as they typically include large, expensive equipment. Not only this, but researchers often do not have access to this type of equipment for development of new security tools and techniques. As a solution to these issues, this work presents a set of tools for utilizing GNS3 and Docker as a virtual ICS network. Additionally, the virtual network can be attached to physical devices including network switches, hardware simulations, and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). Two case studies showcase a relatively complex automatically generated network and an attack on a simple ICS network with an example mitigation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1974

Efficient generation of statistically good pseudonoise by linearly interconnected shift registers

A number of efficient new algorithms for generating digital pseudonoise are presented. The algorithms are efficient because a large number of new pseudorandom bits are generated at each iteration of a computer implementation or at each clock pulse of a hardware implementation. The maximal-length shift register sequences obtained have good randomness properties. Some of the properties of p-n sequences are reviewed and the results of an extensive statistical evaluation of the pseudonoise are presented.

Hurd, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Program manual for ASTOP, an Arbitrary space trajectory optimization program

The ASTOP program (an Arbitrary Space Trajectory Optimization Program) designed to generate optimum low-thrust trajectories in an N-body field while satisfying selected hardware and operational constraints is presented. The trajectory is divided into a number of segments or arcs over which the control is held constant. This constant control over each arc is optimized using a parameter optimization scheme based on gradient techniques. A modified Encke formulation of the equations of motion is employed. The program provides a wide range of constraint, end conditions, and performance index options. The basic approach is conducive to future expansion of features such as the incorporation of new constraints and the addition of new end conditions.

Horsewood, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The JPL parabolic dish project

The parabolic dish solar collector is a highly versatile concentrating collector system that can produce heat for many thermal processes and electricity by coupling the collector to a suitable heat engine. This paper discusses a project for the development of these collector systems and summarizes contracts with industry for developing the dish subsystems which include concentrator, receiver, and heat engine. An early market for dishes is the dispersed small community market which depends heavily on oil to operate diesel or steam turbine plants in order to generate electricity. The present contracts with industry for conducting engineering experiments using the developed dish hardware to demonstrate the technology in these early opportunity markets is also discussed.

Truscello, V. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Finite element computation with parallel VLSI

This paper describes a parallel processing computer consisting of a 16-bit microcomputer as a master processor which controls and coordinates the activities of 8086/8087 VLSI chip set slave processors working in parallel. The hardware is inexpensive and can be flexibly configured and programmed to perform various functions. This makes it a useful research tool for the development of, and experimentation with parallel mathematical algorithms. Application of the hardware to computational tasks involved in the finite element analysis method is demonstrated by the generation and assembly of beam finite element stiffness matrices. A number of possible schemes for the implementation of N-elements on N- or n-processors (N is greater than n) are described, and the speedup factors of their time consumption are determined as a function of the number of available parallel processors.

Mcgregor, J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Independent Orbiter Assessment (IOA): Weibull analysis report

The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU) Space Shuttle Subsystems were reviewed as candidates for demonstrating the Weibull analysis methodology. Three hardware components were identified as analysis candidates: the turbine wheel, the gearbox, and the gas generator. Detailed review of subsystem level wearout and failure history revealed the lack of actual component failure data. In addition, component wearout data were not readily available or would require a separate data accumulation effort by the vendor. Without adequate component history data being available, the Weibull analysis methodology application to the APU and HPU subsystem group was terminated.

Raffaelli, Gary G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Parallel processing environment for multi-flexible body dynamics

The implementation of a dynamics solution algorithm with inherent parallelism which is applicable to the dynamics of large flexible space structures is described. The algorithm is unique in that parts of the solution can be computed simultaneously by working with different branches of its tree topology. The algorithm exhibits close to 0(n) type behavior. The data flow within the solution algorithm is discussed along with results from its implementation in a multiprocessing environment. A model of the United States Space Station is used as an example. The results show that, with fast multiple scalar processors, an efficient algorithm, and symbolically generated equations of motion, real-time performance can be achieved with present-day hardware technology, even with complex dynamical models.

Venugopal, Ravi↗
NASA NTRS2000

Magnetically Actuated Propellant Orientation Experiment, Controlling Fluid Motion With Magnetic Fields in a Low-Gravity Environment

This report details the results of a series of fluid motion experiments to investigate the use of magnets to orient fluids in a low-gravity environment. The fluid of interest for this project was liquid oxygen (LO2) since it exhibits a paramagnetic behavior (is attracted to magnetic fields). However, due to safety and handling concerns, a water-based ferromagnetic mixture (produced by Ferrofluidics Corporation) was selected to simplify procedures. Three ferromagnetic fluid mixture strengths and a nonmagnetic water baseline were tested using three different initial fluid positions with respect to the magnet. Experiment accelerometer data were used with a modified computational fluid dynamics code termed CFX-4 (by AEA Technologies) to predict fluid motion. These predictions compared favorably with experiment video data, verifying the code's ability to predict fluid motion with and without magnetic influences. Additional predictions were generated for LO2 with the same test conditions and geometries used in the testing. Test hardware consisted of a cylindrical Plexiglas tank (6-in. bore with 10-in. length), a 6,000-G rare Earth magnet (10-in. ring), three-axis accelerometer package, and a video recorder system. All tests were conducted aboard the NASA Reduced-Gravity Workshop, a KC-135A aircraft.

Martin, J. J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Pyrotechnically Operated Valves for Testing and Flight

Pyrovalves still warrant careful description of their operating characteristics, which is consistent with the NASA mission - to assure that both testing and flight hardware perform with the utmost reliability. So, until the development and qualification of the next generation of remotely controlled valves, in all likelihood based on shape memory alloy technology, pyrovalves will remain ubiquitous in controlling flow systems aloft and will possibly see growing use in ground-based testing facilities. In order to assist NASA in accomplishing this task, we propose a three-phase, three-year testing program. Phase I would set up an experimental facility, a 'test rig' in close cooperation with the staff located at the White Sands Test Facility in Southern New Mexico.

Conley, Edgar G.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Electrolysis Propulsion Provides High-Performance, Inexpensive, Clean Spacecraft Propulsion

An electrolysis propulsion system consumes electrical energy to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. These gases are stored in separate tanks and used when needed in gaseous bipropellant thrusters for spacecraft propulsion. The propellant and combustion products are clean and nontoxic. As a result, costs associated with testing, handling, and launching can be an order of magnitude lower than for conventional propulsion systems, making electrolysis a cost-effective alternative to state-of-the-art systems. The electrical conversion efficiency is high (>85 percent), and maximum thrust-to-power ratios of 0.2 newtons per kilowatt (N/kW), a 370-sec specific impulse, can be obtained. A further advantage of the water rocket is its dual-mode potential. For relatively high thrust applications, the system can be used as a bipropellant engine. For low thrust levels and/or small impulse bit requirements, cold gas oxygen can be used alone. An added innovation is that the same hardware, with modest modifications, can be converted into an energy-storage and power-generation fuel cell, reducing the spacecraft power and propulsion system weight by an order of magnitude.

deGroot, Wim A.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Vibro-Acoustic Response of Buildings Due to Sonic Boom Exposure: July 2007 Field Test

During the month of July 2007, a series of structural response measurements were made on a house on Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) property that was exposed to sonic booms of various amplitudes. The purpose of this report is to document the measurements that were made, the structure on which they were made, the conditions under which they were made, the sensors and other hardware that were used, and the data that were collected. To that end, Chapter 2 documents the house, its location, the physical layout of the house, the surrounding area, and summarizes the transducers placed in and around the house. Chapter 3 details the sensors and other hardware that were placed in the house during the experiment. In addition, day-to-day variations of hardware configurations and transducer calibrations are documented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 documents the boom generation process, flight conditions, and ambient weather conditions during the test days. Chapter 5 includes information about sub-experiments that were performed to characterize the vibro-acoustic response of the structure, the acoustic environment inside the house, and the acoustic environment outside the house. Chapter 6 documents the data format and presents examples of reduced data that were collected during the test days.

Klos, Jacob↗