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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 721 records · Page 40
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Compatibility of Fe-Cr-Al and Fe-Cr-Al-Mo oxide dispersion strengthened steels with static liquid sodium at 700 °C

We report the corrosion behavior and tensile properties of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCr, FeCrAl, FeCrAlMo steels and 316H stainless steel were evaluated after 1000 h at 700 °C in static sodium with and without an oxygen getter (Zr foil). Without Zr foil to getter the dissolved oxygen in the liquid sodium, combined oxidation (formation of Cr, Fe-rich or Al-rich oxides) and dissolution of the studied materials was observed. For the ODS FeCr, Cr- and Fe-rich oxide formation and dissolution induced Cr depletion in the underlying alloy and led to the formation of laves phases that were observed to be detrimental to the room temperature tensile properties. For ODS FeCrAlMo and FeCrAl Al-rich oxide formation and dissolution resulted in Al depletion in the underlying alloys but did not impact tensile properties at room temperature. For 316H temperature induced sensitization combined with oxidation decreased room temperature tensile properties. With Zr foil added as oxygen getter, roughened surfaces and Al depletion profiles suggested the dissolution of ODS FeCr and FeCrAl into the liquid sodium while limited dissolution was observed for ODS FeCrAlMo and 316H. For the 316H and ODS FeCrAlMo steels, precipitates were formed at the grain boundaries after exposure. Tensile properties of ODS FeCr, FeCrAl and FeCrAlMo were not affected by the 1000 h corrosion exposure with Zr foil added to the sodium but for 316H temperature-induced grain boundary sensitization negatively affected the tensile properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Facile synthesis and size dependent visible light photo catalytic properties of bio-compatible silver nanoclusters

Highlights: • Facile synthetic methodology to prepare biocompatible silver nanoclusters ligated with glutathione. • Controlled size and composition of AgNC was achieved and fully characterized. • Visible light photo catalytic performances AgNCs are observed to be size dependent. • Catalytic efficiency was found to be enhanced upon reduction in size of AgNCs in visible photo-Fenton like processes. - Abstract: Recently tremendous research efforts have been carried out to synthesize metal nanocluster owing to their wide applications in bio-imaging, nonlinear optical materials and catalysis. To explore such applications a precise control of size and composition of the metal nanoclusters are highly desirable. Here we report controlled synthesis and characterization of water soluble silver nanocluster ligated with glutathione. We have developed facile methodologies to prepare nanoclusters with distinct optical and catalytic properties. To achieve tunable size, optical property and chemical composition, here we mainly modulate the nature of metallic salt precursor, reducing agent and reaction conditions. Catalytic properties of as synthesized nanoclusters are explored in visible light induced photo-Fenton like processes for the degradation of model water pollutants such as methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB). The present research work investigates the influence of size of silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) on photo Fenton like processes under visible light.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ionic liquid compatibility in polyethylene oxide/siloxane ion gel membranes

Ion gel films were prepared by incorporating eight commercially available ionic liquids in two different cross-linked polymer matrices to evaluate their phase miscibility, gas permeability and ionic conductivity for potential applications as gas separation membranes and solid electrolyte materials. The ionic liquids cations were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, tributylmethylphosphonium, and butyltrimethylammonium with a common anion (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). In addition, ionic liquids with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with acetate, dicyanamide and tetrafluoroborate counterions were evaluated. The two polymers were cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) and cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide)/siloxane copolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and visual observations were performed to evaluate the ion gels’ miscibility, thermal stability and homogeneity. Ionic liquids with the least basic anion (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and aromatic cations containing acidic proton (e.g. imidazolium and pyridinium) gave the most stable and miscible ion gels. Phase stability was shown to be a function of both ionic liquid content and temperature, with phase separation observed at elevated temperatures. In conclusion, gas permeability testing with carbon dioxide and nitrogen and ionic conductivity measurements confirmed that these ionic liquids increased the gas permeability and ionic conductivity of the polymers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Varied enhancements in mechanical properties and sodium compatibility of Grade 92 by thermomechanical treatments

As a candidate material for advanced nuclear reactors, a ferritic-martensitic (FM) steel Grade 92 in the standard normalized and tempered (NT) condition was subjected to two types of thermomechanical treatments (TMTs) with one having a lower level of deformation (T5A) and the other having a higher level of deformation (T5B). The testing results of the three conditions indicated that the TMTs significantly improved yield strength, creep resistance, fracture toughness, and sodium corrosion resistance compared with the NT condition. T5A excelled at creep resistance while T5B at sodium corrosion resistance. Microstructural characterization of the three conditions supports the varied enhancements in the properties. This study suggests that an appropriate TMT can be developed and applied to FM steels to better meet specific application requirements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Active wall conditioning through boron powder injection compatible $\mathrm{ELM}$ control in $\mathrm{EAST}$

Real-time wall conditioning and edge-localized mode (ELM) suppression through real-time boron powder injection into high-confinement mode discharges of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) have been investigated. The boron powder injection effectively conditioned the plasma-facing components, as shown by the reductions in low-Z and high-Z impurities and the global recycling level in the whole inner vessel, and suppressed the strong magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in the plasma core. The improved wall conditions also resulted in an earlier transition from L- to H-mode. Boron powder injection also effectively suppressed ELM in the lower single null configuration with BT in the favorable direction while leaving the plasma density and stored energy largely unaffected.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

PNA-COMBO-FISH: From combinatorial probe design in silico to vitality compatible, specific labelling of gene targets in cell nuclei

Recently, advantages concerning targeting specificity of PCR constructed oligonucleotide FISH probes in contrast to established FISH probes, e.g. BAC clones, have been demonstrated. These techniques, however, are still using labelling protocols with DNA denaturing steps applying harsh heat treatment with or without further denaturing chemical agents. COMBO-FISH (COMBinatorial Oligonucleotide FISH) allows the design of specific oligonucleotide probe combinations in silico. Thus, being independent from primer libraries or PCR laboratory conditions, the probe sequences extracted by computer sequence data base search can also be synthesized as single stranded PNA-probes (Peptide Nucleic Acid probes). Gene targets can be specifically labelled with at least about 20 PNA-probes obtaining visibly background free specimens. By using appropriately designed triplex forming oligonucleotides, the denaturing procedures can completely be omitted. These results reveal a significant step towards oligonucleotide-FISH maintaining the 3D-nanostructure and even the viability of the cell target. The method is demonstrated with the detection of Her2/neu and GRB7 genes, which are indicators in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. - Highlights: • Denaturation free protocols preserve 3D architecture of chromosomes and nuclei. • Labelling sets are determined in silico for duplex and triplex binding. • Probes are produced chemically with freely chosen backbones and base variants. • Peptide nucleic acid backbones reduce hindering charge interactions. • Intercalating side chains stabilize binding of short oligonucleotides.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Ion-Pair Dissociation on α-MoO 3 Surfaces: Focus on the Electrolyte–Cathode Compatibility Issue in Mg Batteries

Nanosizing has been explored as one option to enhance typically sluggish Mg ion mobility in cathode materials. Here, we explore the effects of the surfaces of α-MoO3 in facilitating or hindering Mg ion desolvation at the electrolyte–cathode interface. It is well-known in the Mg battery community that Mg–anion contact ion pairs may form in the electrolyte and thus the insertion of Mg into the cathode must involve desolvation and dissociation, where Mg is detached from the counterion at the cathode surface. Here we compare two representative Mg–anion pairs, i.e., (Mg–Cl)+ and (Mg–TFSI)+ (TFSI–, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), differentiated according to the size and polarizability of the anion, and examine their dissociations on different α-MoO3 surfaces. We find that (Mg–Cl)+ requires a higher dissociation energy than (Mg–TFSI)+, which implies that the Mg–TFSI-type electrolyte is more suitable to be integrated with the MoO3 cathode when creating an electrochemical cell. The dissociation of (Mg–TFSI)+ occurs, however, not on the lowest energy (010) surface where the van der Waals (vdW) gap opens, but on the hydroxyl-terminated (001) surface. Therefore, to optimize the performance of α-MoO3 toward (Mg–TFSI)+ dissociation, preferential growth of the hydroxyl-terminated (001) surface is required.

Wan, Liwen F.↗