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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2019

Analysis of Interactions Between Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Operations and Conventional Traffic in Urban Areas: Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Study for UAM Operations

This paper presents results on potential interaction effects from UAM (Urban Air Mobility) operations integrated into current operational scenarios by evaluating if/where/how Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) alerts are triggered on-board commercial aircraft. A range of operational scenarios are evaluated with combinations of UAM vehicle route, speed, altitude, and direction along the DFW (Dallas-Fort Worth) "spine route." The effect of UAM altitude uncertainty on the above is also explored. The analysis was done for both South flow and North flow configurations of DFW. When UAM operations are deterministic, no TCAS RAs (Resolution Advisories) are issued. However, UAM altitude uncertainties point out geographic areas of concern with the associated severity of interactions.

Airspace↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Data Analysis Approach for Simulations of Urban Air Mobility Operations

For the Urban Air Mobility (UAM) industry, NASA has defined a series of UAM Maturity Levels (UML) corresponding to increasingly more complex and operationally dense UAM operations. In support of the gradual progression towards higher UML levels, NASA is currently conducting a set of UAM air traffic simulations—collectively referred to as X4. This paper describes a set of system effectiveness measures, and their associated metrics, for data analysis of X4 simulations. The descriptions, rationales, and calculation procedures for two metrics to be used in data analysis of simulation results, the number of predicted demand-capacity imbalances and the pre-departure delays, are described. Results from data analysis of one set of simulation runs are presented to demonstrate how these metrics support the assessment of performance of the system architecture for X4 simulations and the verification of experiment requirements.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRS1995

Overview of techniques for mitigation of fading and shadowing in the direct broadcast satellite radio environment

The DBS radio propagation environment is divided into three sub-environments, indoor, rural-suburban mobile and urban mobile. Indoor propagation effects are in a large part determined by construction material. Non-metallic materials afford direct, albeit attenuated penetration of the satellite signal with a minimum of multipath signal scattering. Signal penetration into structures using significant metallic materials is often indirect, through openings such as doors and windows and propagation will involve significant multipath components. Even so, delay spread in many situations is on the order of 10's of nanoseconds resulting in relatively flat fading. Thus frequency diversity techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) or equalization techniques do not realize their intended performance enhancement. Antenna diversity, directivity and placement are key mitigation techniques for the indoor environment. In the Rural-Suburban mobile environment with elevation angles greater than 20 deg, multipath components from the satellite signal are 15-20 dB below the line-of-sight signal level and often originate from nearby reflectors. Thus shadowing is the dominant signal impairment and fading effects are again found to be relatively flat for a large fading margin. Because receiver motion induces rapid variations in the signal level, temporal diversity techniques such as interleaving, channel coding and retransmission can be used to combat short intermittent fading events. Antenna diversity and directivity techniques are again useful in this environment. Finally, in the Urban mobile environment, slower vehicle speeds and blockage by buildings causes signal fades that are too long and too deep to combat with signal margin or time diversity. Land-based signal boosters are needed to fill in the coverage gaps of the satellite only broadcast scheme. On frequency boosters are suggested to conserve bandwidth yet these produce long delay multipath and create a frequency selective fading environment. Enter now OFDM, spread spectrum, equalization and other techniques that are capable of deconvolving the channel effects and effecting significant performance improvements by extracting the frequency diversity or time diversity components comprising the received signal.

Bell, David↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Eye Glance Behaviors of Ground Control Station Operators in a Simulated Urban Air Mobility Environment

Research into concepts such as advanced air mobility (AAM) and urban air mobility (UAM) offers an opportunity for successfully and safely adding new classes of vehicles into the National Airspace System. However, a need exists for research into the human factors associated with these concepts. In this paper, we evaluate the gaze behaviors of three remote ground control station operators (GCSOs) conducting simulated UAM operations. The participants monitored and controlled an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) from pre-flight to landing using ground control station (GCS) software across nine scenarios within a remote UAS operations center at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). As this work was exploratory, descriptive statistics were calculated to provide some initial insight into GCSO gaze patterns associated with the GCS display. Scenarios that required the operator to directly interact with an airspace scheduling system off-screen resulted in fewer on-screen glances than scenarios that did not include direct interactions with the off-screen system. After investigating several areas of interest (AOIs) within the GCS display, participants primarily viewed three AOIs: the map, vehicle status, and operations checklist. The results yielded several GCS design and operational improvement recommendations to include: (a) adding altitude information to the vehicle icon, (b) adding additional traffic information, and (c) including additional GCS training, to reduce the need to scan an operations checklist, which would allow allocation of visual attention towards other AOIs.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRS2020

Accessibility Design and Operational Considerations in the Development of Urban Aerial Mobility Vehicles and Networks

Urban aerial mobility vehicles and networks have recently gained considerable interest in the aviation community. These small, short-range vehicles with all-electric or hybrid-electric propulsion systems, tailored to metropolitan aerial transportation needs, promise to radically change passenger mobility and cargo distribution in cities. Accessibility issues have not been a major consideration in UAM vehicle and network discussions to date. This paper seeks to help change that.

Young, Larry A.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Urban Air Mobility (UAM)

ARMD's urban air mobility strategy, including key activities of UMLs, Grand Challenge series, UAM ecosystem working groups, supply chain management, and modeling simulation tools.

Kopardekar, Parimal H.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Theoretical and Simulated Capacity of Urban Air Mobility Airspace Characteristics

As interest in urban air mobility grows, as are the optimistic predictions for potentially hundreds of simultaneous operations within a given metropolitan airspace. This high density of traffic poses a challenge for safe, efficient, and timely operations, particularly when realistic airspace restrictions, fleet sizes, and fluctuating demand are considered. Routes for urban air mobility aircraft, similar to automotive roadways more than other types of airways, are one proposed solution for traffic management. This paper identifies several potential components of urban air mobility routes and compares their numerically predicted maximum capacity with what is achieved in a realistic simulation that includes airspace restrictions, parking limitations, fleet sizes, and uneven demand.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Theoretical and Simulated Capacity of Urban Air Mobility Airspace Characteristics

As interest in urban air mobility grows, as are the optimistic predictions for potentially hundreds of simultaneous operations within a given metropolitan airspace. This high density of traffic poses a challenge for safe, efficient, and timely operations, particularly when realistic airspace restrictions, fleet sizes, and fluctuating demand are considered. Routes for urban air mobility aircraft, similar to automotive roadways more than other types of airways, are one proposed solution for traffic management. This paper identifies several potential components of urban air mobility routes and compares their numerically predicted maximum capacity with what is achieved in a realistic simulation that includes airspace restrictions, parking limitations, fleet sizes, and uneven demand.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Cyber Resiliency and the Implementation of a Host-Based Intrusion Detection System in an Urban Air Mobility Environment

With the growth in Urban Air Mobility systems and the increasing reliance on interconnected technologies, ensuring the security of these complex components has become critical. As cities evolve into smart urban centers, the vulnerability to cyber threats escalates, possibly endangering citizens safety and the efficiency of transportation networks.In response to these challenges, this paper presents a study on the need for cyber resilient techniques within future air traffic environments. It will pay specific attention to the implementation of a Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) utilizing Atomic OSSEC software, tailored specifically to a NASA simulation of an UrbanAirMobility environments’ unique demands. Further, this study seeks to outline the rational for NASA’s recommendation for a HIDS in such environments. It explores the design, development, and deployment of the proposed HIDS, focusing on its adaptability to monitor the hybrid nature of the Urban Air Mobility environment. Leveraging machine learning algorithms and anomaly detection techniques, the HIDS is equipped to continuously monitor and analyze the behavior of individual host systems, vehicles, and devices, thereby providing a proactive approach to threat detection. Implementing a HIDS is a pivotal strategy for enhancing cyber resiliency, as it gives an organization granular visibility into internal system activities, enables rapid detection and response to anomalous behavior and cyber threats, and fortifies the organizations overall cybersecurity posture. Finally, this study aims to provide recommendations and include learned takeaways that the Urban Air Mobility industry should consider. In brief, this paper highlights the significance of host-based intrusion detection in UrbanAirMobility environments and underscores the necessity of tailored security solutions to safeguard against emerging cyber threats.

UAM↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Individual Response Trends to Urban Air Mobility Noise in A Laboratory Study

Advanced Air Mobility, of which Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a subset, presents new opportunities for more dynamic aviation transportation systems. It is essential to understand the human response to the noise of these vehicles for sustainable operations. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the noise level and number of events on individual human annoyance to UAM vehicle noise. A “noise and number” laboratory psychoacoustic study was conducted in the Exterior Effects Room at NASA Langley Research Center in January 2023. A total of 38 participants listened to 4-minute audio clips of UAM vehicle flyover noise and provided their annoyance response on an 11-point numerical scale. A test hypothesis was that annoyance to multiple flyovers can be found by adding the annoyance responses to individual flyovers. Results for the overall test subject pool suggest that annoyance grows faster than hypothesized as the number of aircraft events increases. This trend of faster annoyance growth only seems to hold when the individual flyovers are heard as distinct events. Parsing the data down to individuals provides further insight into the mechanisms contributing to the increased annoyance with number of events.

noise and number↗
NASA NTRS2019

Concept of Operations for Urban Air Mobility Command and Control Communications

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a burgeoning flight services concept for passenger and cargo airborne applications operating within and around urban environments. Among the services envisioned, most attention is being directed at airborne personal transport to improve transit time and mitigate automobile congestion. In addition, delivery services for more efficient transport of goods and local area information gathering for timely media dissemination and emergency monitoring will also likely be early UAM system applications. Among the infrastructure components in need of development are communications systems that manage these air vehicles. Not only will there be a need to communicate with the pilots in command of the aircraft for traffic management, but the control of the aircraft and monitoring of the aircraft systems will also need to use these communications systems to ensure safe operations.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM)↗
NASA NTRS2018

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Market Study

The Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Market Study is an in-depth study for ODM market leveraging identified key technical barriers to understand community interests and market conditions from all aspects such as regulations, economics, public acceptance, airspace operations and safety.

Urban Air Mobility Parcel Delivery Air Taxi Air Me↗
NASA NTRS2018

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Market Study

The Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Market Study is an in-depth study for ODM market leveraging identified key technical barriers to understand community interests and market conditions from all aspects such as regulations, economics, public acceptance, airspace operations and safety.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Urban Air Mobility National Campaign Test Series

The Urban Air Mobility (UAM) National Campaign test series is designed to promote public confidence in UAM safety, facilitate community-wide learning while capturing the public’s imagination, and give prospective vehicle manufacturers and operators, and prospective airspace service providers, insights into the evolving regulatory and operational environment. The National Campaign is also intended to support requirements and system development for Urban Air Mobility through integrated demonstrations of candidate vehicles and airspace in operational scenarios critical to scalable commercialization. The NASA National Campaign series will facilitate bringing together vehicle and airspace service providers to demonstrate industry’s concept and technology maturity levels with respect to vehicle performance, safety assurance, and airspace interoperability solutions for civil use.

Urban Air Mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Exploring Ridesharing in Passenger Urban Air Mobility: A Comparative Analysis

There is growing interest in urban air mobility (UAM) as an alternative for passenger and cargo transport around metropolitan areas in a multimodal transportation system that leverages small, electric aircraft. Ridesharing has been proposed as a means of making UAM passenger trips more affordable and environmentally friendly. We present a UAM ridesharing model integrated into an existing computational framework for analyzing daily work commute trips within a metropolitan area. We leverage this model to estimate the potential demand for ridesharing-enabled UAM trips within six metropolitan areas across the United States: Chicago, IL; Cleveland, OH; Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; New York City, NY; and Orlando, FL. We compare results for each metropolitan area with and without ridesharing. Results indicate that ridesharing enables at least an order of magnitude more UAM-preferring passengers than without ridesharing, though specifics vary across metropolitan areas and network sizes. Enabling ridesharing in UAM also considerably lowers the mean and mode value of time for passengers that select the UAM mode, indicating that ridesharing can help make UAM more economically accessible to a larger set of the population. An important caveat is that the UAM ridesharing model does not account for operational constraints, such as aerodrome capacity and aircraft availability, and relies on a perfect knowledge of passenger movements and mode preferences. This leads to high UAM ridesharing volumes that are unlikely to reflect real-world UAM operations and thus serves as an upper bound estimate.

advanced air mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Exploring Ridesharing in Passenger Urban Air Mobility: A Comparative Analysis

There is growing interest in urban air mobility (UAM) as an alternative for passenger and cargo transport around metropolitan areas in a multimodal transportation system that leverages small, electric aircraft. Ridesharing has been proposed as a means of making UAM passenger trips more affordable and environmentally friendly. We present a UAM ridesharing model integrated into an existing computational framework for analyzing daily work commute trips within a metropolitan area. We leverage this model to estimate the potential demand for ridesharing-enabled UAM trips within six metropolitan areas across the United States: Chicago, IL; Cleveland, OH; Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; New York City, NY; and Orlando, FL. We compare results for each metropolitan area with and without ridesharing. Results indicate that ridesharing enables at least an order of magnitude more UAM-preferring passengers than without ridesharing, though specifics vary across metropolitan areas and network sizes. Enabling ridesharing in UAM also considerably lowers the mean and mode value of time for passengers that select the UAM mode, indicating that ridesharing can help make UAM more economically accessible to a larger set of the population. An important caveat is that the UAM ridesharing model does not account for operational constraints, such as aerodrome capacity and aircraft availability, and relies on a perfect knowledge of passenger movements and mode preferences. This leads to high UAM ridesharing volumes that are unlikely to reflect real-world UAM operations and thus serves as an upper bound estimate.

advanced air mobility↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Concepts for Distributed Sensing and Collaborative Airspace Autonomy in Advanced Urban Air Mobility

Emerging concepts for advanced urban air mobility envision responsive air transportation capabilities that will safely move people and cargo in locations presently underserved by aviation. Expanding aviation services to these locales, particularly for high-density autonomous flight operations over urban centers, will require advances beyond the state-of-the-art techniques for airborne sensing. The emerging field of distributed sensing and ‘smart spaces’ – where sensing, processing, communication, and actuation are embedded in the environment in which agents are acting – may provide attractive alternatives over traditional aviation solutions. This paper outlines the challenges and opportunities for distributed sensing and smart space concepts to meet the emerging needs of advanced urban operations in the national airspace. We present an overview of distributed sensing concepts and research currently being investigated under this endeavor.

Distributed sensing↗