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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4

Novel Magnesium Pretreatment Coatings Offering Excellent Corrosion Protection

There is a growing interest in using magnesium alloys for automotive, industrial, and aerospace applications due to their low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, good machinability, and low cost. These alloys have the potential to lighten cars and aircraft, reducing fuel consumption and emissions. A major drawback to the use of magnesium alloys is their highly reactive nature, which can result in corrosion; as a result, most existing pretreatment systems for these alloys require the use of chromium, which is increasingly coming under regulatory pressures, as a corrosion inhibitor. Through a project funded by the Department of Energy and administered by the U.S. Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP), PPG developed chromium-free metal pretreatment solutions for ZEK-100 and AZ21 magnesium alloys. In a major technical advance, several chromium-free cleaning and pretreatment processes were developed that offer excellent corrosion protection when compared to a typical automotive pretreatment systems. To expand the use cases for these systems beyond single-alloy substrates to broader multi-metal assemblies, these pretreatment solutions were also optimized for use in multi-metal applications: compatibility with magnesium and other metals was demonstrated without the need for additional process steps.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Cybersecurity and the Solar Workforce: Considerations for States

This tool identifies workforce competencies and requisite skill sets for the solar cybersecurity workforce, and highlights tactics that State Energy Offices and Public Utility Commissions can employ to amplify current solar workforce training initiatives and build partnerships that help develop this workforce . It highlights policies and pathways that can foster the growth of solar cybersecurity workforce . Critically, it also identifies internal solar cyber expertise that State Energy Offices and Public Utility Commissions should consider to further develop their roles and responsibilities in this space

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Risk Assessment and Management Workflow—An Example of the Southwest Regional Partnership

This paper summarizes the risk assessment and management workflow developed and applied to the Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) Phase III Demonstration Project. The risk assessment and management workflow consists of six primary tasks, including management planning, identification, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, response planning, and monitoring. Within the workflow, the SWP assembled and iteratively updated a risk registry that identifies risks for all major activities of the project. Risk elements were ranked with respect to the potential impact to the project and the likelihood of occurrence. Both qualitative and quantitative risk analyses were performed. To graphically depict the interactions among risk elements and help building risk scenarios, process influence diagrams were used to represent the interactions. The SWP employed quantitative methods of risk analysis including Response Surface Method (RSM), Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), and the National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) toolset. The SWP also developed risk response planning and performed risk control and monitoring to prevent the risks from affecting the project and ensure the effectiveness of risk management. As part of risk control and monitoring, existing and new risks have been tracked and the response plan was subsequently evaluated. Findings and lessons learned from the SWP’s risk assessment and management efforts will provide valuable information for other commercial geological CO2 storage projects.

Lee, Si-Yong↗

Developing and tuning a community scale energy model for a disadvantaged community

This work describes the development of a community-scale energy model for a mixed-use low-income community located in Huntington Beach, CA. An accurate community-scale energy model is useful for evaluating the use of limited capital resources used to invest in clean energy technologies. This work lays out the process of developing such a model while relying primarily on publicly available data and highlighting critical partnerships necessary for model development success. The primary contribution of this work is the demonstration of the process used to develop an accurate energy model for a disadvantaged community when minimal building and energy use data is available. The heart of the model is the physics-based community scale energy modeling platform URBANopt. Using a bottom-up load modeling approach, energy simulated energy use falls within 3% or less of aggregate annual utility data, and within 10% or less aggregate monthly utility data. The demonstrated model development and tuning process can be used by others to characterize other atypical communities, which may differ significantly from prototypical models.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Los Alamos Innovation Enables Carbon-Negative Infrastructure Through an AI Infrastructure Partnership

A material innovation first developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is now enabling a major step forward in carbon management. Licensed by Spiritus, the technology is being deployed in a $500 million partnership with Prometheus Hyperscale and Casper Carbon Capture to build one of the largest carbon-negative digital infrastructure projects in the world. Located in Casper, Wyoming, the initiative directly integrates permanent carbon removal with advanced computing systems, illustrating how Los Alamos research continues to advance national goals in energy, security, and innovation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

USAID Colombia Young Leaders Workforce Training Program Action Plans: Regulatory Road Map for Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection and Interoperability

As part of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Young Leaders Workforce Training Program in Colombia, participants from Colombia's Energy and Gas Regulatory Commission (CREG) leveraged their training and professional experience to develop a regulatory roadmap for the interconnection and interoperability of increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). CREG was one of four teams selected by the training program development team to receive continued technical assistance and strategic advisory support from the USAID-NREL Partnership for action plan development and implementation. This case study provides an overview of the key activities and outcomes of the technical assistance provided by NREL on the CREG Action Plan, and key next steps for implementation of Colombia's DER Integration Regulatory Roadmap.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Final Scientific Technical Report for "Microgrid RD&D and Testing of PIDC and PWD Systems"

Alstom Grid Inc’s (ALSTOM Grid) Research Design and Development (RD&D) project, “Microgrid RD&D and Testing for PIDC and PWD” was conducted in partnership with Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) in its role as owner’s representative and manager of a vibrant commercial and industrial community, involving critical loads in one of the nation’s largest unregulated, non-military electric distribution systems. PIDC needed to develop solutions to address the planned considerable growth in Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Combined Heat Plan (CHP), Renewables, Distributed Generation (DG), Demand Response (DR) and Storage. In supporting the corporate objective, PIDC needed a new class of control systems for achieving enhanced energy resilience of their critical infrastructure operation during adverse conditions together with carbon emission reduction and optimization of the overall system operation economics through system energy efficiency during normal and emergency operating conditions. Additionally, PIDC anticipated the need to support a new class of commercial agreements with tenants, such as those for Urban Outfitters, for guaranteed one hundred percent (100%) grid resilience and electric power supply in case of utility outage conditions. The project was designed to address the challenges for the commercial & industrial (C&I) communities. But more importantly, the project included development of scalable and replicable solutions intended to target a multitude of the nation’s electric distribution communities. The project researched and developed a fully comprehensive prototype consisting of microgrid operation and control functions including islanding, synchronization and reconnection, protection, voltage, frequency, and power quality management, dispatch, and system resiliency. The project provided the foundation required to significantly enhance the overall national objectives set by the DOE for energy resilience, emission reduction and system energy efficiency improvement, including protection of critical infrastructure and public resources.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Southeast Regional CO 2 Utilization and Storage Acceleration Partnership (SECARB-USA): A Sub-Basin Framework for Future CO 2 Infrastructure Development (Task 4.1.a)

The “Southeast Regional CO 2 Utilization and Storage Acceleration Partnership” (SECARB-USA) project supports the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy's (FE) mission to help the United States meet its need for secure, affordable, and environmentally sound fossil energy supplies by utilizing the advancements made since 2003 by the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Initiative to continue to identify and address knowledge gaps. The SECARB-USA regional initiative encompasses the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and portions of Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, and West Virginia as noted in Figure 1.1. The primary objective of the project is to identify and address regional onshore storage and transport challenges facing commercial deployment of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies.

42 ENGINEERING↗

BETO 2021 Peer Review: Algae Biotechnology Partnership - Technology Area Session: Advanced Algae Systems

Development of advanced genetic and genomic tools for targeted algal metabolic engineering pursuits will be integral to achieving target biomass productivity and, ultimately, the BETO goal of cost-competitive biofuels derived from algal biomass by 2022. However, at present, broad-host-range tool development is currently hindered by strain-specific negative regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, the biological processes controlling algal transcription and translation are subject to complex host regulation, which often presents hurdles for targeted genetic engineering strategies. Advanced genetic approaches offer a means to rewire these regulatory systems and/or introduce novel functionality into algal biocatalysts. Synthetic systems biology approaches also present a means to construct novel genetic regulatory networks and rewire natural biological systems to establish an “orthogonal central dogma,” wherein non-native control elements are introduced into or evolved in host microbes for bypass of host control. To this end, the Algae Biotechnology Partnership aims to develop advanced genetic editing tools and synthetic and orthogonal genetic regulatory systems to enable universal metabolic engineering strategies in top-candidate deployment algal strains. Successful development will ultimately open the door for targeted strain-engineering strategies, aimed at maximizing algal outdoor biomass production, composition, and strain robustness.

biocatalysis↗

Abstract for CRADA between National Energy Technology Laboratory and Elysia LLC

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Elysia Labs LLC are embarking on a collaborative project to develop and evaluate a low-cost, high-performance carbon dioxide capture process for the burgeoning Direct Air Capture (DAC) industry. The partnership will focus on developing an electrospun fiber based air contactor that promises higher efficiency and lower costs to set a new standard in the DAC field. The expected outcomes of this collaboration include the creation of a DAC contactor that significantly outperforms existing technologies in cost, capacity, cycle time, regeneration energy, and durability. This project is a result of an awarded project from the Department of Energy’s Direct Air Capture Pre-Commercialization Technology Prize.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

2.3.3.404 - National Lab and University Collaboration for MHK Instrumentation and Data Processing Tools

Field and laboratory validation, testing, demonstration, and operation are critical steps for increasing the technology readiness level of marine energy (ME) converters because they provide high-quality testing and performance data that are critical information used to feed all aspects of technology development. This project, in partnership with industry, enables the marine and hydrokinetic energy (MHK) community to reliably and efficiently collect, process, manage, and share quality data by facilitating access to and development of instrumentation, guidelines and data processing/QA tools. Under this project, open-source data processing code (MHKiT) and tools (ME Data Pipeline, MRE Code Hub, PRIMRE Code Catalog), instrumentation (loads measurements), data acquisition systems (miniDAQ), and measurement guidance tools (Telesto, high EMI guidance) were developed to facilitate the collection and processing of quality laboratory and field data. Overall, this project is intended to improve the quality of the data collected during laboratory and field demonstration projects by standardizing the collection and processing techniques, as well as by improving access to instrumentation, code, and measurement guidance. Quality data will, in turn, lead to improved knowledge capture following ME device testing.

data processing↗

Development of Novel Materials for Direct Air Capture of CO 2 : MIL-101(Cr)-Amine Sorbents Evaluation Under Realistic Direct Air Capture Conditions (Final Report)

The overarching goal of this project is to evaluate the CO 2 adsorption properties of a small family of metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials functionalized with amines at sub-ambient conditions. Our goal is to develop capabilities to measure CO 2 adsorption at conditions more relevant to the weather of the planet. For this purpose, Georgia Tech is constructing a “sub-ambient adsorption facility” in partnership with ZCP Sorbent Development, LLC, aimed specifically at rapidly and deeply characterizing the performance of DAC candidate materials in this important operational range (adsorption at -20 to 20 °C and RH of 0-100%). Here, we use the sub-ambient lab instrumentation designed or adapted to study the behavior of the pristine metal organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr) and the MOF in the presence of amines ranging from small molecules (e.g. TREN, tris(2-aminoethylamine)) to oligomers (e.g. PEI, poly(ethyleneimine)). Any DAC sorbent must be amenable to deployment in practical contactors for gas-solid contacting (traditional pellet-based fixed beds are impossible at scale). To this end, we developed and tested these DAC materials in the forms of composite polymer/MOF fibers and custom 3D-printed monolith structures containing MOF DAC sorbents. The proposed studies advance these materials from technology readiness level (TRL) 2 to TRL 3.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

Development of Self-Assembly Supports Enabling Transformational Membrane Performance for Cost-Effective Carbon Capture

This final technical report describes work conducted by Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (MTR) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Lab (NETL) on the development of membranes with transformational performance for carbon capture under award number DE-FE0031596. The work was performed from June 1, 2018 through May 31, 2024. For more than a decade, MTR has worked in partnership with DOE to develop an innovative membrane-based CO 2 capture process. This effort has included the first test of membrane modules with coal-fired flue gas at the Arizona Public Services (APS) Cholla plant in 2010; the accumulation of >11,000 hours of flue gas operation for Polaris modules on a bench-scale 1 tonne/day (TPD) system at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC); scale-up of first-generation (Gen-1) Polaris to a 20 TPD small pilot system, and successful operation of this system on a flue gas slipstream at NCCC and in integrated boiler testing at Babcock & Wilcox (B&W). Through continued development efforts, a second-generation (Gen-2) version of the Polaris membrane has been scaled-up to pilot production. This membrane offers 70% higher CO 2 permeance with similar selectivity to the base case Polaris. MTR also developed planar modules designed specifically for the low-pressure, high-volumetric flow rate process conditions of flue gas operation. These new modules have significantly lower pressure-drop values compared to the type originally used (spiral-wound modules), which results in significant energy savings. The goal of the work described in this report was to improve on the Polaris Gen-2 membrane with the ultimate aim to reduce the cost of carbon capture. The majority of the effort was to develop improved support membranes for the multi-layer composite structure of MTR’s Polaris membrane. Earlier work at MTR had identified the support structure as limiting membrane permeances, not because the support itself represents a permeation resistance, but because the distribution of pores at the surface of the support imposes a geometric restriction to diffusion in the layers above it. Support membranes were prepared from a range of polymers, including commercially available block copolymers and a custom synthesized block copolymer alternative. The best support membranes developed in this project reduced the geometric restriction by a factor of two to three. These supports then were used to produce Polaris composite membranes with improved permeances. The second topic was to create a high-selectivity version of the Polaris membrane. The high-selectivity version uses a novel selective polymeric material and high selectivities were confirmed in experiments at MTR. The material is not easily made into very thin films. Consequently, the permeances are significantly lower than the Polaris Gen-2 membrane. The utility of this membrane is therefore limited to the carbon dioxide purification step that produces liquid CO 2 . A Technical and Economic Analysis (TEA) was performed for a carbon capture system that uses both advanced membrane types. The TEA shows the novel advanced membranes reduce the cost of capture by 10%, from $63.32/tonne CO 2 to $56.90/tonne CO 2 (2022 USD). Most of the development work was carried out with laboratory-scale casting and coating equipment. A number, but not all, of the improvements identified have been implemented on commercial-scale manufacturing equipment. The focus of future work at MTR is to incorporate the advancements made into the Polaris membrane manufacturing process.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

Multi-Task with Procter and Gamble (CRADA No. NFE-10-02672)

The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between UT-Battelle, LLC (the “Contractor) and Procter & Gamble Company (the “Participant”) is the development of a research partnership to create new tools, tests and analytical methods to improve the performance, safety and/or environmental quality of chemicals, advanced materials, food products and manufacturing processes. The Participant operates in three global business units: Beauty, Health and Well-Being and Household Care. Some of its worldwide products include Head and Shoulders®, Pantene®, Gillette® razors and personal care products, Crest®, Dawn®, Tide®, Bounty®, Duracell® batteries; and Iams® pet food among others. At its core, however, the Participant is a science driven company. It supports one of the most robust industrial research and development (R&D) programs in the world. The Participant uses this rich foundation of science to drive innovation across all of its product lines. But the innovation process is not confined in-house The Participant pursues an “open innovation” policy, seeking partnerships with scientists and researchers in universities and national laboratories where it can contribute its extensive knowledge assets and collaborate to advance scientific understanding. The research under this multi-task CRADA was directed under the following general task areas and, throughout the duration of this CRADA the work statement was modified to match the needs of the Parties and the direction of the research. (1) Software modeling, simulation and development; (2) Manufacturing Technologies; (3) Supply Chain Optimization, (4) Advanced Materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Developing a Robust Market for CHP: A Plan for Fostering Economic Development, Business Competitiveness and Resiliency in the Mid-Atlantic Region

The Department of Energy’s Mid Atlantic Combined Heat and Power Technical Assistance Partnership (MA CHP TAP) was established to develop public-private partnerships to advance the technology, policies, and programmatic support for combined heat and power (CHP), including its application in microgrids, heat to power and district energy. The MA CHP TAP’s work includes education and outreach as well as technical assistance to a variety of stakeholders including end-users (commercial, industrial, institutional and more), state decision makers, electric and gas utilities, trade associations and non-profit organizations. This assistance includes evaluating the economic, energy, reliability and environmental value of proposed systems. The MA CHP TAP represents the multi-state Mid- Atlantic region and is the CHP expert in the region who provides fact-based, un-biased information on CHP, including technologies, project development, project financing, local electric and natural gas utility interfaces, and related state best practice policies.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Technical Assistance for Beaver Island, Michigan

Beaver Island, Michigan, worked with the Energy Technology Innovation Partnership Project (ETIPP) to develop a path toward energy security based on local production and storage with minimal dependence on the mainland.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) NFE-18-07194 with TerraPower LLC (Final Report)

Because of the potential economic and safety benefits of the molten salt reactor (MSR) concept, development of several designs has been initiated around the world over the past decade. New international nuclear safeguards needs and verification challenges are likely to arise because of the commercial interests in MSRs and the number of MSR design variants. As a result, work was undertaken to explore the cross-cutting issues specific to the application of international nuclear safeguards (i.e., safeguards) to liquid-fueled molten salt reactors (LFMSRs). Through a public-private partnership, a report was developed that focuses on the TerraPower Molten Chloride Fast Reactor (MCFR) design that has received a funding award from the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy. The report is intended to provide a preliminary analysis for a safeguards-by-design (SBD) effort to inform designers about how safeguards could be applied to LFMSRs by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).Although the report specifically focuses on the TerraPower design, the conclusions are applicable to the main design features of LFMSRs and can be used to extrapolate how existing IAEA safeguards measures for other fuel cycle facilities can be appropriately applied or modified. The report evaluates the appropriate safeguards approaches for LFMSRs, presents existing safeguards inspection technologies are still valid for LFMSRs, and identifies new challenges that will require novel measurement instruments to meet verification standards of the IAEA and the international safeguards regime. This document summarizes the results of the work performed under the full report developed as part of the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA). This summary does not contain any protected CRADA information and is intended for public release.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗