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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2013

Mid-infrared Study of Stones from the Sutters Mill Meteorite

The Sutter's Mill meteorite fell in northern California on April 22, 2012, and numerous pieces have been recovered and studied with several analytical techniques [1]. We present a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of fragments from several stones of the meteorite. Methods and analysis: Infrared spectra of samples SM2 and SM12 were recorded with a Nicolet iN10 MX FTIR microscope in the mid-IR range (4000-650/cm; spectral resolution 4/cm), while samples SM20 and SM30 were analyzed with a synchrotron-based Nicolet Continuum IR microscope in the same range. Samples were deposited on a clean glass slide, crushed with either a stainless steel roller tool or between 2 slides, and placed directly on the focal plane of the microscopes. Results: IR spectra of non-fusion crust samples show several absorption features associated with minerals such as olivines, phyllosilicates, carbonates (calcite and dolomite), and pyroxenes, as well as organics [2]. The carbonates display a main, broad band centered at 1433/cm, with additional bands at 2515/cm, 1797/cm, 882/cm, and 715/cm. Features associated with phyllosilicates include a symmetric Si-O stretching mode band centered at 1011/cm and several O-H stretching mode bands―a broad band centered at 3415/cm that is probably due to adsorbed H2O, and occasionally a much weaker, narrower feature centered near 3680/cm due to structural O-H. Features observed in the 2985-2855/cm range suggest the presence of aliphatic -CH3 and -CH2- groups. However, some of these bands show unusual relative intensities, mainly because of carbonate overtone bands that fall in the same spectral range, which can make the identification of C-H stretching bands problematic. The positions and relative strengths of the aliphatic -CH2- and -CH3 features, where they can be distinguished from overlapping carbonate bands, are consistent with those in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and Murchison. Finally, the absence of a strong C=O absorption feature near 1700/cm distinguishes the organics in the Sutter's Mill meteorite from that in most IDPs and in Murchison, but is consistent with the organic matter in Tagish Lake.

mid-infrared study↗
NASA NTRS2013

Mid-Infrared Study of Samples from Multiple Stones from the Sutters Mill Meteorite

The Sutter's Mill meteorite fell in N. California on April 22, 2012 and numerous pieces have been recovered and studied. We present Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of fragments from several stones of the meteorite. Methods and analysis: Infrared spectra of the samples were recorded with a Nicolet iN10 MX FTIR microscope in the mid-IR range (4000-675/cm; spectral resolution 4/cm). All samples were deposited on a clean glass slide, crushed with a stainless steel roller tool, and placed directly on the focal plane of the microscope. IR spectra were collected by averaging 128 scans. Results: Preliminary IR spectra of the non-fusion crust samples show mineral compositions that are dominated by phyllosilicates, carbonates, or mixtures of both [2]. The carbonates display a dominant, broad band centered at 1433/cm, with additional bands at 2515/cm, 1797/cm, 882/cm, and 715/cm). Features associated with phyllosilicates include a symmetric Si-O stretching mode band centered at 1011/cm and several O-H stretching mode bands. The O-H shows up in two forms (1) a broadband centered at 3415/cm that is probably largely due to adsorbed H2O and (2) a much weaker, narrower feature centered near 3680/cm due to structural -OH. Features observed in the 2985-2855/cm range suggest the presence of aliphatic -CH3 and -CH2- groups. The relative intensities of the bands in this range are somewhat unusual. Typically, the asymmetric aliphatic CH stretching bands are stronger than the symmetric stretching bands, but in this case the reverse is true. This unusual pattern is well matched by the aliphatic features seen in the spectrum of a terrestrial calcite (CaCO3) standard. This observation, and the fact that the strength of the carbonate and aliphatic bands seem to correlate, suggest the organics are associated with the carbonates. Conclusions: IR spectra of samples from the Sutter's Mill meteorite show absorption features associated with carbonates, phyllosilicates, and organics. Both the unusual band profile of the aliphatic C-H stretching mode bands and their correlation with the strength of the carbonate bands suggests the organics and the carbonates are associated in some manner.

Sutter's mill↗
NASA NTRS2017

Automated Identification of Initial Storm Electrification and End-of-Storm Electrification Using Electric Field Mill Sensors

Kennedy Space Center (KSC) operations are located in a region which experiences one of the highest lightning densities across the United States. As a result, on average, KSC loses almost 30 minutes of operational availability each day for lightning sensitive activities. KSC is investigating using existing instrumentation and automated algorithms to improve the timeliness and accuracy of lightning warnings. Additionally, the automation routines will be warning on a grid to minimize under-warnings associated with not being located in the center of the warning area and over-warnings associated with encompassing too large an area. This study discusses utilization of electric field mill data to provide improved warning times. Specifically, this paper will demonstrate improved performance of an enveloping algorithm of the electric field mill data as compared with the electric field zero crossing to identify initial storm electrification. End-of-Storm-Oscillation (EOSO) identification algorithms will also be analyzed to identify performance improvement, if any, when compared with 30 minutes after the last lightning flash.

initial storm electrification↗
NASA NTRS2023

The Nature of Insoluble Organic Matter in Sutter’s Mill and Murchison Carbonaceous Chondrites: Testing the Effect of X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and Exploring Parent Body Organic Molecular Evolution

This study analyzed samples of the Murchison and Sutter’s Mill carbonaceous chondrite meteorites in support of the future analysis of samples returned from the asteroid (10155) Bennu by the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) mission. Focusing specifically on the insoluble organic matter (IOM), this study establishes that a total of 1.3 g of bulk sample from a single chondritic meteorite is sufficient to obtain a wide range of cosmochemical information, including light element analysis (H, C, and N), isotopic analysis (D/H, 13 C/ 12 C, and 15 N/ 14 N), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for major elemental abundances. IOM isolated from the bulk meteorite samples was analyzed by light element and isotopic analysis as described above, 1 H and 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and complete noble gas analyses (abundances and isotopes). The samples studied included a pair from Murchison (CM2), one of which had been irradiated with high-energy X-rays in the course of computed tomographic imaging. No differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated Murchison samples were observed in the many different chemical and spectroscopic analyses, indicating that any X-ray–derived sample damage is below levels of detection. Elemental, isotopic, and molecular spectroscopic data derived from IOM isolated from the Sutter’s Mill sample reveals evidence that this meteorite falls into the class of heated CM chondrites.

planetary science↗
DOE OSTI2025

Scalar-scaffolded gluons and the combinatorial origins of Yang-Mills theory

We present a new formulation for Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes in any number of dimensions and at any loop order, based on the same combinatorial and binary-geometric ideas in kinematic space recently used to give an all-order description of Tr Φ 3 theory. We propose that in a precise sense the amplitudes for a suitably “stringy” form of these two theories are identical, up to a simple shift of kinematic variables. This connection is made possible by describing the amplitudes for n gluons via a “scalar scaffolding”, arising from the scattering of 2n colored scalars coming in n distinct pairs of flavors fusing to produce the gluons. Fundamental properties of the “u-variables”, describing the “binary geometry” for surfaces appearing in the topological expansion, magically guarantee that the kinematically shifted Tr Φ 3 amplitudes satisfy the physical properties needed to be interpreted as scaffolded gluons. These include multilinearity, gauge invariance, and factorization on tree- and loop-level gluon cuts. Our “stringy” scaffolded gluon amplitudes coincide with amplitudes in the bosonic string for extra-dimensional gluon polarizations at tree-level, but differ (and are simpler) at loop-level. We provide many checks on our proposal, including matching non-trivial leading singularities through two loops. The simple counting problem underlying the u variables autonomously “knows” about everything needed to convert colored scalar to gluon amplitudes, exposing a striking “discovery” of Yang-Mills amplitudes from elementary combinatorial ideas in kinematic space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Yang-Mills duals of small AdS black holes

Abstract We study the largeNmatrix model for the index of 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 Yang-Mills theory and its truncations to understand the dual AdS 5 black holes. Numerical studies of the truncated models provide insights on the black hole physics, some of which we investigate analytically with the full Yang-Mills matrix model. In particular, we find many branches of saddle points which describe the known black hole solutions. We analytically construct the saddle points dual to the small black holes whose sizes are much smaller than the AdS radius. They include the asymptotically flat BMPV black holes embedded in large AdS with novel thermodynamic instabilities.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Entanglement entropy of a color flux tube in (2+1)D Yang-Mills theory

We construct a novel flux tube entanglement entropy (FTE 2 ), defined as the excess entanglement entropy relative to the vacuum of a region of color flux stretching between a heavy quark-anti-quark pair in pure gauge Yang-Mills theory. We show that FTE 2 can be expressed in terms of correlators of Polyakov loops, is manifestly gauge-invariant, and therefore free of the ambiguities in computations of the entanglement entropy in gauge theories related to the choice of the center algebra. Employing the replica trick, we compute FTE 2 for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (2+1)D and demonstrate that it is finite in the continuum limit. We explore the properties of FTE 2 for a half-slab geometry, which allows us to vary the width and location of the slab, and the extent to which the slab cross-cuts the color flux tube. Following the intuition provided by computations of FTE 2 in (1+1)D, and in a thin string model, we examine the extent to which our FTE 2 results can be interpreted as the sum of an internal color entropy and a vibrational entropy corresponding to the transverse excitations of the string.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Entanglement entropy of a color flux tube in (1+1)D Yang–Mills theory

In recent work Amorosso et al. (2024), we computed a novel flux tube entanglement entropy (FTE) of the color flux tube stretched between a heavy quark-antiquark pair on a Euclidean lattice in (2+1)D Yang–Mills theory. Our numerical results suggested that FTE can be partitioned into an internal color entanglement entropy and a vibrational entropy corresponding to the transverse excitations of a QCD string, with the latter described by a thin string model. Since the color flux tube does not have transverse excitations in (1+1)D Yang–Mills theory, we use this simpler framework to perform an exact analytical computation of the contribution of the internal color degrees of freedom to FTE. For the multipartite partitioning of the color flux tube, we find the remarkable result that FTE depends only on the dimension of the color group representation and the number of times the flux tube crosses the boundary between the traced and untraced spatial regions but not on the string length. Our proof is independent of whether the replica and region boundaries on the lattice are placed on vertices or in plaquette centers.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Nonperturbative phase diagram of two-dimensional N = ( 2 , 2 ) super-Yang-Mills theory

We consider two-dimensional N = ( 2 , 2 ) Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU ( N ) in Euclidean signature compactified on a torus with thermal fermion boundary conditions imposed on one cycle. We perform nonperturbative lattice analyses of this theory for large 12 ≤ N ≤ 20 . Although no holographic dual of this theory is yet known, we conduct numerical investigations to check for features similar to the two-dimensional N = ( 8 , 8 ) Yang–Mills theory, which has a well-defined gravity dual. We perform lattice field theory calculations to determine the phase diagram, observing a spatial deconfinement transition similar to the maximally supersymmetric case. However, the transition does not continue to low temperature, implying the absence of a topology-changing transition between black hole geometries in any holographic dual for this four-supercharge theory. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Surface Kinematics and the Canonical Yang-Mills All-Loop Integrand

It has been a long-standing challenge to define a canonical loop integrand for nonsupersymmetric gluon scattering amplitudes in the planar limit. Naive integrands are inflicted with 1 / 0 ambiguities associated with tadpoles and massless external bubbles, which destroy integrand-level gauge invariance as well as consistent on-shell factorization on single loop cuts. In this Letter, we show that this essentially kinematical obstruction to defining “the” integrand for Yang-Mills theory has a structural solution, handed to us by the formulation of gluon amplitudes in terms of curves on surfaces. This defines “surface kinematics” generalizing momenta, making it possible to define the integrand satisfying both a (surface generalized) notion of gauge-invariance and consistent loop cuts. The integrand also vanishes at infinity in appropriate directions, allowing it to be recursively computed for nonsupersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in any number of dimensions. We illustrate these ideas through one loop for all multiplicity, and for the simplest two-loop integrand. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Arkani-Hamed, Nima↗
DOE OSTI2026

Carbon Capture Pilot at Vicksburg Containerboard Mill (Final Technical Report)

This is the final technical report for the DOE-OCED project DE-CD0000051. The report provides the progress at the close of the project. The objective of the project is to design and build a large pilot plant for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture from a pulp and paper (P&P) mill using RTI’s non-aqueous solvent (NAS) technology at a capacity of 120,000 t-CO 2 /year, with >90% CO 2 captured. The pilot plant will be used for testing and evaluating the NAS capture process using real flue gas from the P&P mill’s power boiler for a minimum of 1 year of parametric testing and a minimum of 2,000 hours of continuous long-term testing. The testing will provide data for process optimization and scale-up for the P&P industry, provide information on interaction of flue gas contaminants on solvent performance and degradation, and inform strategies for emission control. At the end of the project, the pilot plant will be managed by International Paper (IP), the host site owner, which will continue to capture CO 2 , sequester the captured CO 2 , and be eligible for the 45Q credit.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management 2024 Annual Site Inspection and Monitoring Report for Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act Title I Disposal Sites

This report, in fulfillment of a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license requirement, presents the results of long-term surveillance and maintenance activities conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) in 2024. These activities occurred at the 19 uranium mill tailings disposal sites established under Title I of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) and verify that the UMTRCA Title I disposal sites remain in compliance with license requirements and Long-Term Surveillance Plans (LTSPs). Individual chapters for each site are available on the LM public website at https://energy.gov/lm/sites/lm-sites.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Workflow Using a Cryogenic Coincident Fluorescence, Electron, and Ion Beam Microscope for Targeted Milling of Cells

This workflow enables lamella production targeting fluorescently labeled biological structures that are small (<1 μm in axial extent) and rare (1 copy per cell) using a cryogenic tri-coincident imaging platform. In conclusion, this platform integrates fluorescence microscopy, focused ion beam milling, and scanning electron microscopy at a single focal position and enables simultaneous fluorescence microscopy while milling.

Wang, Jue [California Institute of Technology (Cal↗
NASA NTRS1968

Vertical boring mill capacity is increased

Commercially available vertical boring mill with a nominal capacity to 27 feet in diameter of workpiece has been modified in-shop to handle work up to 36 feet in diameter. Capacity was increased by adding extension saddles to the mill support columns on each side.

Young, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Compound taper milling machine

Simple, inexpensive milling machine tapers panels from a common apex to a uniform height at panel edge regardless of the panel perimeter configuration. The machine consists of an adjustable angled beam upon which the milling tool moves back and forth above a rotatable table upon which the workpiece is held.

Campbell, N. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Air-jet milling of grinding materials

The principles of air-jet milling of fine powders and the influence of air pressure and milling intensity are discussed. Impact, abrasion, and resultant grain shape are also considered.

Wozniak, K.↗