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At least 73 records · Page 4

Buckling analysis of the quadripod structure for the NASA 70-meter antenna

As part of the effort to extend the diameter of three Deep Space Network large earth antennas from 64 meters to 70 meters, a slim profiled quadripod structure was designed to support a 7.7 meter diameter subreflector for the 70 meter antenna. The new quadripod design, which particularly emphasizes reduced radio frequency blockage, is achieved by means of a narrow cross sectional profile of the legs. Buckling analysis, using NASTRAN, was conducted in this study to verify the safety margin for the quadripod structural stability.

Chian, Chian T.↗

The ac and dc electric field meters developed for the US Department of Energy

Two space-potential electric field meters developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy are described. One of the meters was designed to measure dc fields, the other ac fields. Both meters use fiber optics to couple a small measuring probe to a remote readout device, so as to minimize field perturbation due to the presence of the probe. By using coherent detection, it has been possible to produce instruments whose operating range extends from about 10 V/m up to about 2.5 kV/cm, without the need for range switching on the probe. The electrical and mechanical design of both meters are described in detail. Data from laboratory tests are presented, as well as the results of the tests at the National Bureau of Standards and the Electric Power Research Institute's High Voltage Transmission Research Facility.

Kirkham, H.↗

DSN 63 64-meter antenna S- and X-band efficiency and system noise temperature calibrations, July 1986

The Deep Space Network (DSN) 64-meter antenna in Spain (DSN 63) has been calibrated prior to its upgrading to a 70-meter high efficiency configuration in preparation for the Voyager Neptune encounter in August 1989. The S-band (2285 MHz) and X-band (8420 MHz) effective area efficiency and system noise temperature calibrations were carried out during July 1986 to establish a baseline system performance for this station. It is expected that the 70-meter will result in at least a 1.9 dB G/T improvement at X-band relative to the 64-meter baseline reference.

Slobin, S. D.↗

Balloon-borne three-meter telescope for far-infrared and submillimeter astronomy

The scientific objectives, engineering analysis and design, results of technology development, and focal-plane instrumentation for a two-meter balloon-borne telescope for far-infrared and submillimeter astronomy are presented. The unique capabilities of balloon-borne observations are discussed. A program summary emphasizes the development of the two-meter design. The relationship of the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) is also discussed. Detailed treatment is given to scientific objectives, gondola design, the mirror development program, experiment accommodations, ground support equipment requirements, NSBF design drivers and payload support requirements, the implementation phase summary development plan, and a comparison of three-meter and two-meter gondola concepts.

Fazio, Giovanni G.↗

Evaluation of the ride quality of a light twin engine airplane using a ride quality meter

A ride quality meter was used to establish the baseline ride quality of a light twin-engine airplane planned for use as a test bed for an experimental gust alleviation system. The ride quality meter provides estimates of passenger ride discomfort as a function of cabin noise and vibration (acceleration) in five axes (yaw axis omitted). According to the ride quality meter, in smooth air the cabin noise was the dominant source of passenger discomfort, but the total discomfort was approximately the same as that for the smooth-air condition. The researcher's subjective opinion, however, is that the total ride discomfort was much worse in the moderate turbulence than it was in the smooth air. The discrepancy is explained by the lack of measurement of the low-frequency accelerations by the ride quality meter.

Stewart, Eric C.↗

A wide-band monolithic quasi-optical power meter for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave applications

A novel monolithic power meter has been developed for submillimeter-wave applications (100 GHz to 10 THz). The detector is a large-area bismuth bolometer integrated on a 1.2-micron-thick dielectric membrane. This approach results in a wide-band, high-responsivity detector. The power meter is simple to fabricate, is inexpensive, and can be easily calibrated using a low-frequency network. Quasi-optical measurements at 90, 140, and 240 GHz show that the bolometer is polarization-independent and could be modeled by a simple transmission line model. Absolute power measurements at 90, 140, and 240 GHz show a + or - 5 percent accuracy and agree well with a calibrated Anritsu power meter at 90 GHz. Potential application areas are power calibration, antenna coupling efficiency measurements, and absolute power measurements from solid-state devices and far-infrared lasers at submillimeter wavelengths. Absolute output power measurements on a 220-280 GHz tripler using the quasi-optical power meter are presented as an application example.

Ling, Curtis C.↗

Low Flow Vortex Shedding Flow Meter for Hypergolics/all Media

A family of vortex shedding flow meters, for measurement of hypergol flows, was designed and fabricated. The test loops to evaluate the flow meters for water flow, as well as Freon -113 flow which simulates the hypergolic fluids, were modified and constructed to utilize a pump system which has an output capacity of 200 gpm. Test runs were conducted on the small 1/2 inch model with Freon 113 and on the larger models with water. Results showed that the linearity between the frequency of the vortices and the flow rate of the fluids was very close to that of the turbine flow meter. It is suggested that the vortex shedding flow meter is a possible replacement for the existing turbine type.

Thinh, Ngo Dinh↗

Liquid helium Dewar for one meter mirror testing

The NASA Ames Research Center has developed a baseline design for a One Meter Cryogenic Optical Test Facility (OMF) incorporating a liquid helium Dewar for cryogenic optical testing of one-meter-class mirrors, principally the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) primary mirror. The primary requirements for the test facility are as follows: (1) the facility must be capable of interferometrically testing any mirror, positioned face-up or face-down, with a diameter less than 1.5 meters and a radius of curvature from 1.5 to 5.5 meters; (2) the facility must achieve and maintain, for 24 hours, a mirror temperature of 4 K with a maximum radiative heat load of less than 500 mW to the mirror, using stored liquid helium and liquid nitrogen; (3) the facility must include a vibration-isolated metrology structure between the test mirror and an external interferometer, and (4) the facility must be operated by two persons and a test, starting from the mounting of a mirror to the removal of a mirror, must be conducted within one week.

Sarver, George L., III↗

The Use of a Chlorophyll Meter (SPAD-502) for Field Determinations of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle L.) Leaf Chlorophyll Amount

The red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L., is a halophytic woody spermatophyte common to the land-sea interface of tropical and subtropical intertidal zones. It has been reported that 60 to 75% of the coastline of the earth's tropical regions are lined with mangroves. Mangroves help prevent shoreline erosion, provide breeding, nesting and feeding areas for many marine animals and birds. Mangroves are important contributors of primary production in the coastal environment, and this is largely proportional to the standing crop of leaf chlorophylls. Higher intensities of ultraviolet radiation, resulting from stratospheric ozone depletion, can lead to a reduction of chlorophyll in terrestrial plants. Since the most common method for determining chlorophyll concentration is by extraction and this is labor intensive and time consuming, few studies on photosynthetic pigments of mangroves have been reported. Chlorophyll meter readings have been related to leaf chlorophyll content in apples and maples. It has also been correlated to nitrogen status in corn and cotton. Peterson et al., (1993) used a chlorophyll meter to detect nitrogen deficiency in crops and in determining the need for additional nitrogen fertilizer. Efforts to correlate chlorophyll meter measurements to chlorophyll content of mangroves have not been reported. This paper describes the use of a hand-held chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502) to determine the amount of red mangrove foliar chlorophyll present in the field.

Connelly, Xana M.↗

Suppression of Random Dopant-Induced Threshold Voltage Fluctuations in Sub-0.1-(micron)meter MOSFET's with Epitaxial and (delta)-Doped Channels

A detailed three-dimensional (3-D) statistical 'atomistic' simulation study of fluctuation-resistant sub-0.1-(micron)meter MOSFET architectures with epitaxial channels and delta doping is presented. The need for enhancing the fluctuation resistance of the sub-0.1-(micron)meter generation transistors is highlighted by presenting summarized results from atomistic simulations of a wide range of conventional devices with uniformly doped channel. According to our atomistic results, the doping concentration dependence of the random dopant-induced threshold voltage fluctuations in conventional devices is stronger than the analytically predicted fourth-root dependence. As a result of this, the scaling of such devices will be restricted by the "intrinsic" random dopant-induced fluctuations earlier than anticipated. Our atomistic simulations confirm that the introduction of a thin epitaxial layer in the MOSFET's channel can efficiently suppress the random dopant-induced threshold voltage fluctuations in sub-0.1-(micron)meter devices. For the first time, we observe an "anomalous" reduction in the threshold voltage fluctuations with an increase in the doping concentration behind the epitaxial channel, which we attribute to screening effects. Also, for the first time we study the effect of a delta-doping, positioned behind the epitaxial layer, on the intrinsic threshold voltage fluctuations. Above a certain thickness of epitaxial layer, we observe a pronounced anomalous decrease in the threshold voltage fluctuation with the increase of the delta doping. This phenomenon, which is also associated with screening, enhances the importance of the delta doping in the design of properly scaled fluctuation-resistant sub-0.1-(micron)meter MOSFET's. Index Terms-Doping, fluctuations, MOSFET, semiconductor device simulation, silicon devices, threshold.

Asenov, Asen↗

10 meter Sub-Orbital Large Balloon Reflector (LBR)

The realization of a large, space-based 10 meter class telescope for far-infrared/THz studies has long been a goal of NASA. Such a telescope could study the origins of stars, planets, molecular clouds, and galaxies; providing a much needed means of following-up on tantalizing results from recent successful missions such as Spitzer, Herschel, and SOFIA. Indeed, Herschel began its life in the US space program as the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) to be assembled in low Earth orbit by shuttle astronauts. Escalating costs and smaller federal budget allocations resulted in a downsizing of the mission. However, by combining successful suborbital balloon and ground-based telescope technologies, the dream of a 10 meter class telescope free of ~99% of the Earth's atmospheric absorption in the far-infrared can be realized. The same telescope can also be used to perform sensitive, high spectral and spatial resolution limb sounding studies of the Earth's atmosphere in greenhouse gases such as CO, ClO, O3, and water, as well as serve as a high flying hub for any number of telecommunications and surveillance activities. Flight times of 100+ days will be possible, with instruments having mass and power requirements in excess of ~500 kg and ~1 kW.Here we present the results of our NIAC Step 1, Phase B design study where each key aspect of the LBR concept is discussed and recommendations made for further study in Phase II.These aspects include realization of a large spherical reflecting surface, spherical corrector, pointing system, instrument module, and service module/gondola. Once each hardware component is introduced, a typical LBR Mission profile is described that enables the realization of a stratospheric 10 meter THz observatory and limb sounder. Verification of the design approach was achieved by using a combination of analytical modelling, lab testing of materials and techniques, and building a 3 meter rooftop LBR prototype.

Telescope↗

NIAC Project: 10 meter Sub-Orbital Large Balloon Reflector (LBR)

In Section 1 we summarize the technological approaches to the Large Balloon Reflector (LBR) that are discussed at length in our Phase I Technical report. Within each subsection we highlight how the work was advanced in Phase II. In Section 2 the work and lessons learned from the 3 and 5 meter LBR prototypes are described. In Section 3 the LBR Sensor Package stratospheric flight is described. Section 4 puts LBR in the context of on-going NASA missions.In Sections 5 and 6 the dissemination of results and plans to realize a stratospheric LBR are discussed. Instead of attempting to maintain the pointing of a large telescope at the end of a tether, we propose to deploy a telescope in the benign, protected environment within the carrier balloon. The telescope is itself a balloon, spherical in shape, metalized on one side and anchored to the top of the carrier balloon via a rotating azimuth plate (see Figure 2). The carrier balloon serves as both a stable mount and a radome for the inner balloon reflector. Light from space (or the atmosphere or ground) first passes through the ~2 mil thick polyethylene skin of the carrier balloon and then through the ~1 mil thickMylar side of the inner balloon. Together these layershave < 8% absorption at the wavelengths of interest.The incoming light then encounters the aluminized,spherical, back surface of the inner balloon and isthen focused into a receiving system. To achieve the performance of a 10 meter parabolic reflector, a 20 meter diameter inner balloon can be used with a modest size (~1 meter) spherical corrector.

Walker, Christopher↗

Evaluation of a Dynamic Weather-Avoidance Rerouting Tool in Adjacent-Center Arrival Metering

Dynamic Reroutes for Arrivals in Weather (DRAW) is a NASA-developed decision-support tool for Traffic Management Coordinators (TMCs) at the Federal Aviation Administration's Air Route Traffic Control Centers ("Centers"). DRAW proposes weather-avoidance reroutes for en route arrival flights subject to metering restrictions when transitioning into a busy terminal airspace. The prior DRAW study demonstrated that TMCs' use of DRAW promotes earlier reroutes of arrivals, and reduces the number of routes conflicting with weather in the Center. The present paper focuses on how DRAW benefits metering delivery accuracy when schedule freeze horizon distance was altered. A human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted at NASA Ames Research Center in October-November 2018, where retired TMCs and controllers performed simulated metering operations for southeast arrivals through the Atlanta and Jacksonville Centers to the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport during convective weather periods. Results demonstrated that DRAW use reduced the frequency of manual adjustments of Scheduled Times of Arrival and lowered TMC workload. DRAW use also made the metering accuracy, the number of reroute amendments after the freeze horizon, and the en route sector controller workload more robust to the effect of different freeze horizon distance.

Hayashi, Miwa↗

Web-Based Surface Metering Display (SMD) User Manual

This document serves as a user manual for the ATD-2 Web-Based Surface Metering Display (SMD). It describes the elements of the full SMD interface and provides explanations for how to interact with SMD. The document provides instructions for selecting the type of metering, entering specific metering parameters, and setting excess queue time variables. There are instructions for submitting system feedback and bug reports, as well.This document also includes information to guide a user in how to check the current metering state on other components of the ATD-2 system, via either the STBO Client or the RTC/RMTC.

Ruszkowski, Louise Morgan↗

Evaluation of a Tactical Surface Metering Tool for Charlotte Douglas International Airport Via Human-in-the-Loop Simulation

NASA has been working with the FAA and aviation industry partners to develop and demonstrate new concepts and technologies that integrate arrival, departure, and surface traffic management capabilities. In March 2017, NASA conducted a human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation for integrated surface and airspace operations, modeling Charlotte Douglas International Airport, to evaluate the operational procedures and information requirements for the tactical surface metering tool, and data exchange elements between the airline controlled ramp and ATC Tower. In this paper, we focus on the calibration of the tactical surface metering tool using various metrics measured from the HITL simulation results. Key performance metrics include gate hold times from pushback advisories, taxi-in/out times, runway throughput, and departure queue size. Subjective metrics presented in this paper include workload, situational awareness, and acceptability of the metering tool and its calibration

air traffic management↗

Web-Based Surface Metering Display (SMD) User Manual

This document serves as a manual for the ATD-2 Web-Based Surface Metering Display (SMD) Version 4.6.0. It describes the elements of the full SMD interface and provides explanations for how to interact with the SMD. The document provides instructions for selecting the type of metering, entering specific metering parameters, and setting excess queue time variables. There are instructions for submitting system feedback and bug reports as well.

Surface Metering↗

A mercury flow meter for ion thruster testing

The theory of operation of the thermal flow meter is presented, and a theoretical model is used to determine design parameters for a device capable of measuring mercury flows in the range of 0 to 5 gm/hr. Flow meter construction is described. Tests performed using a positive displacement mercury pump as well as those performed with the device in the feed line of an operating thruster are discussed. A flow meter response time of about a minute and a sensitivity of about 10 mv/gm/hr are demonstrated. Additional work to relieve a sensitivity of the device to variations in ambient temperature is indicated to improve its quantitative performance.

Wilbur, P. J.↗

Dual-frequency feed system for 26-meter antenna conversion

New cassegrain feed cone assemblies were designed as part of the upgrade of three 26-meter diameter antennas to 34-meter diameter with improved performance. The new dual-frequency feed cone (SXD) will provide both S- and X-band feed systems and traveling wave masers, with a reflex reflector system to permit simultaneous operation analogous to the 64-meter antennas. Tasks involved in adding the X-band receiving capability and improving the S-band feed performance in support of Voyager and later missions described in.

Hartop, R. W.↗