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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1967

Theoretical studies on the relationship between the thermionic work functions of refractory-metal intermetallic compounds and their electronic and crystal structures Final summary report

The Group VIA-Re binary systems are characterized by the presence of several intermediate phases. The u phase is present in all of the systems, but the a-Mn phases occur in only the Mo-Re and W-Re systems. The occurrence of these intermediate phases appears to be governed largely by electronic factors and is predictable on the basis of electron/atom ratio. The thermionic work functions of the intermediate phase materials were experimentally determined. function and the screening of the outermost electrons in the Group VIA metals was found. A correlation between the work As might be expected for purely metallic substances, the work functions were relatively high, in the range 4. 5 to 5. 0 eV, and in each case were bracketed by the work functions of the pure constituents. A discontinuous change in the average work function with composition is proposed, based on a thermodynamical treatment of the electron vapor.

REFRACTORY METAL↗
NASA NTRS1979

Studies of magnetostriction and spin polarized band structures of rare earth intermetallics

Anisotropic magnetostriction measurements of R6Fe23, R = (Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) were carried out from 77 K to room temperature. Magnetic fields up to 2.1 Tesla were applied. All the compounds exhibited large magnetostrictions at 77 K, the largest effect being obtained for Tb6Fe23. Saturation magnetostriction values for the compounds were also determined for 77 K and room temperature. Results of the temperature dependence of magnetostriction for Er6Fe23 are in good agreement with Callen and Callen's single ion theory. Therefore, the main sources of magnetostriction in this compound is the Er ion. The spin-up and spin-down electronic energy bands, the density of states and the magnetic moments of YCo5, SmCo5, and GdCo5 were calculated by the spin polarized augmented plane wave technique. The calculations obtained show the origin of the moment, provide good estimates of its magnitude and variation, and the reasons for those variations. They also show the important role of partial charge transfer and of d-d electronic coupling. Calculations for LaNi5 and GdNi5 systems are discussed.

Wallace, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The use of the PUCOT for elastic modulus measurements on intermetallics at high temperatures

The piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (PUCOT) is being applied to measure the elastic constants of the aluminides in the temperature ranges 300 to 1700 K (CoAl and NiAl) and 300 to 1500 K (FeAl). The PUCOT consists of piezoelectric quartz drive and gauge crystals to excite longitudinal or torsional ultrasonic (80 kHz) resonant stress waves in the specimen and alumina spacer rod of appropriate resonant lengths. The resonant system is driven by a closed loop oscillator which maintains a constant gauge voltage and hence constant strain amplitude in the specimen. While the specimen is heated at 20 K/h the resonant period is measured continuously. The elastic moduli are calculated from these values of the resonant period and accurate determinations of specimen length. The technique is described and some results given.

Wolfenden, A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Extended solubility and stability in vapor quenched Ni3Al-X intermetallics

A series of fine-grain and amorphous Ni3Al-X alloys, where X is a solute of 1 to 45 at. pct hf, C, or Hf+C in continuously graded compositions, was formed simultaneously into a 0.2 mm-thick disk by high-rate sputter codeposition. The as-deposited Ni3Al-X alloys exhibited a disordered L1(2) structure and extended solid solubility limits beyond which amorphous phases were formed. Heat-treatment of the alloys at 900 C resulted in fine grain size of 0.5 micron to 1.5 microns. Ultra fine dispersoids less than 500 A in size were observed, and they seemed resistant to coarsening.

Wang, Rong↗
NASA NTRS1989

Compressive strength of a B2 matrix NiAl-Nb intermetallic at 1200 and 1300 K

The effect of a large Nb addition to a NiAl, to a final composition 43.5Ni-45.2Al-0.8Fe-10.5Nb (in at. pct), on the high-temperature compressive strength of NiAl was investigated using cylindrical samples which were compression tested in air at 1200 K and 1300 K under constant-velocity conditions. The compressive strength of the Ni-45Al-10.5Nb was compared to data from all known solid solution-strengthened and/or precipitation-strengthened NiAl-based materials. It was found that, for strain rates higher than 5 x 10 to the -6th/sec, the Ni-45Al-10.5Nb is stronger than NiAl. However, this advantage disappears at lower strain rates. A comparison of NiAl-based materials indicated that a NiAl+TiB2 composite containing 20 vol pct 1-micron-diam particles has a strength superiority over all the solid solution and precipitation-hardened aluminides at strain rates below 10 to the -7th/sec.

Whittenberger, J. Daniel↗
NASA NTRS1990

Oxidation characteristics of Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo intermetallic alloy

Static oxidation kinetics of the super-alpha 2 titanium-aluminide alloy Ti-25Al-10Nb-3V-1Mo (at. percent) were investigated in air over the temperature range of 650 to 1000 C using thermogravimetric analysis. The oxidation kinetics were complex at all exposure temperatures and displayed up to three distinct oxidation rates. Breakaway oxidation occurred after long exposure times at high temperatures. Oxidation products were determined using x ray diffraction techniques, electron microprobe analysis, and energy dispersive x ray analysis. Oxide scale morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy of the surfaces and cross sections of oxidized specimens. The oxides during the parabolic stages were compact and multilayered, consisting primarily of TiO2 doped with Nb, a top layer of Al2O3, and a thin bottom layer of TiN. The transition between the second and third parabolic stage was found to be linked to the formation of a TiAl layer at the oxide-metal interface. Porosity was formed during the third stage, causing degradation of the oxide and the beginning of breakaway oxidation.

Wallace, Terryl A.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Low-density, high-strength intermetallic matrix composites by XD (trademark) synthesis

A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the potential of particulate composites based on low-density, L1(sub 2) trialuminide matrices for high-temperature applications. The compounds evaluated included Al22Fe3Ti8 (as a multiphase matrix), Al67Ti25Cr8, and Al66Ti25Mn9. The reinforcement consisted of TiB2 particulates. The TiB2 composites were processed by ingot and powder metallurgy techniques. Microstructural characterization and mechanical testing were performed in the hot-pressed and hot-isostatic-pressed condition. The casting were sectioned and isothermally forged into pancakes. All the materials were tested in compression as a function of temperature, and at high temperatures as a function of strain rate. The test results are discussed.

Kumar, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Compressive strength of directionally solidified NiAl-NiAlNb intermetallics at 1200 and 1300 K

Results are presented from measurements of 1200 K and 1300 K compressive properties of two directionally solidified NiAl-NiAlNb compositions (in at. pct): Ni-41.75Al-16.5Nb (eutectic composition) and Ni-47.5Al-8.9Nb-1.3C (Al-rich composition). Results showed that the strength of the eutectic was a factor of 2 greater than that of the Al-rich composition. However, the analysis of the compressive stress-strain data indicated that the deformation mechanism was the same in both materials.

Whittenberger, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Eddy current sensing of intermetallic composite consolidation

A finite element method is used to explore the feasibility and optimization of a probe-type eddy current sensor for determining the thickness of plate specimens during a hot isostatic pressing cycle. The dependence of the sensor's impedance upon sample-sensor separation in the high frequency limit is calculated, and factors that maximize sensitivity to the final stages of densification are identified.

Dharmasena, Kumar P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Solidification processing of intermetallic Nb-Al alloys

Several Nb-Al alloys, including single-phase NbAl3 and the eutectic of Nb2Al and NbAl3, were prepared either by nonconsumable arc melting in Ar or by zone processing in He following initial induction melting and rod casting, and the effect of the solidification route on the microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of these alloys was investigated. Automated control procedures and melt conditions for directional solidification of NbAl3 and the Nb2Al/Nb3Al eutectic were developed; high purity and stoichiometry were obtained. The effects of ternary additions of Ti and Ni are described.

Smith, Preston P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Correlation of deformation mechanisms with the tensile and compressive behavior of NiAl and NiAl(Zr) intermetallic alloys

To identify the mechanisms controlling strength and ductility in powder-extruded NiAl and NiAl + 0.05 at. pct Zr, tensile and compressive testing was performed from 300 to 1300 K for several grain sizes. Grain size refinement significantly increased yield stress in both alloys and, in some cases, slightly lowered the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT), although no room-temperature tensile ductility was observed even in the finest grain size specimens. The small Zr addition increased the DBTT and changed the low-temperature fracture mode from intergranular in NiAl to a combination of intergranular and transgranular in the Zr-doped alloy. Scanning electron microscopy of compression specimens deformed at room temperature revealed the presence of grain-boundary cracks in both alloys. These cracks were due to the incompatibility of strain in the polycrystalline material, owing to the lack of five independent slip systems. The tendency to form grain-boundary cracks, in addition to the low fracture stress of these alloys, contributed to the lack of tensile ductility at low temperatures.

Bowman, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Fracture behavior of a B2 Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr intermetallic alloy in the temperature range 300 to 1300 K

The fracture behavior of a B2 Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr (at. pct) alloy was investigated using results of tensile tests conducted in the temperature range 300-1300 K under initial strain rates that varied between 10 exp -6 and 10 exp -3/sec, together with results of deformation measurements reported by Raj et al. (1992). Microstructural observations revealed that the alloy had failed by transgranular cleavage fracture below 873 K and by ductile fracture, power-law cavitation, triple point cracking, and rupture above this temperautre. The fracture map constructed using fracture results is compared with those for other classes of materials, showing that the atomic bonding plays a significant role in the low-temperature ductility of NiAl-based alloys.

Raj, S. V.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Deformation behavior of a Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr intermetallic alloy in the temperature range 300 to 1300 K

The deformation properties of an extruded Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr (at. pct) alloy in the temperature range 300-1300 K were investigated under initial tensile strain rates that varied between 10 exp -6 and 10 exp -3/sec and in constant load compression creep between 1073 and 1300 K. Three deformation regimes were observed: region I, occurring between 400 and 673 K, which consisted of an athermal regime of less than 0.3 percent tensile ductility; region II, between 673 and 1073, where exponential creep was dominant; and region III, between 1073 and 1300 K, where a significant improvement in tensile ductility was observed.

Raj, S. V.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Advanced reinforcement systems for intermetallic applications

A 2-D axisymmetric model was employed to determine the magnitude of the radial, axial, and hoop stresses caused by the thermal expansion difference between fiber and matrix and which result from the fabrication temperature cycle. Finite element analysis was conducted for single fiber model systems based on SCS-6/Ti3Al+Nb and Al2O3/NiAl. The stress distribution due to the imposition of a graded intermediate layer for each system was determined and included variables of layer thickness and gradation in interlayer chemistry in order to vary the expansion gradient between fiber and matrix. Thermal cycling tests were conducted on sputter coated SCS-6 fibers selectively coated with Ti3Al+Nb, with and without an intermediate layer. Cracking of the Ti3Al+Nb layers was prevented by an interlayer based on Ti-TiN-Ti. The interlayer thickness appeared critical to its efficiency. Similarly, for the case of Al2O3/NiAl, an intermediate layer consisting of a Ni bond coat on the sapphire fiber followed by a graded Al2O3-NiAl layer did not crack when given a thermal excursion to 1100 C and then cooled to room temperature. Acoustic emission tests on single fiber specimens were unsuccessful in detecting load drops associated with the successive fracture of the fiber. For the SCS-6/Ti3Al system this was the result of several factors which included the matrix/fiber ratio and poor bonding of the matrix and fiber. In the case of the Al2O3/NiAl system brittle failure of the NiAl matrix precluded fiber breakdown during tensile loading.

Merrick, Howard F.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Technical note - Plasma-sprayed ceramic thermal barrier coatings for smooth intermetallic alloys

A new approach for plasma spray deposition of ceramic thermal barrier coatings directly to smooth substrates is described. Ceramic thermal barrier coatings were directly applied to substrates that had been coated with low-pressure plasma sprayed NiCrAlY bond coats and then centerless ground to simulate a smooth oxidation-resistant substrate. As the high-temperature oxidation behavior of NiAl+Zr is superior to that of MCrALY alloy, the bond coat is not required for oxidation resistance.

Miller, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Nozzle material requirements and the status of intermetallic matrix composites

The HSCT exhaust nozzle must manage high temperature exhaust gases and pressure gradients while meeting HSCT economic and noise goals. The important features and requirements for an HSCT exhaust nozzle are shown for a 2DCD (two-dimensional convergent-divergent) design. The same requirements would apply to an axisymmetric design. Exhaust nozzle weight has an adverse effect on the overall aircraft range, payload, and engine specific fuel consumption and is therefore the primary driver for advanced exhaust nozzle materials. Because of the large airflow and pressure gradients, exhaust nozzles are extremely large and heavy when made from current materials. The use of advanced materials with higher specific strength will reduce the weight of exhaust nozzle components. In addition to the flow of high-temperature exhaust gases into the exhaust nozzle, ambient air is entrained to reduce gas exit velocities and suppress sound. This leads to components exposed to extremely high temperature gradients and, hence, high thermal stresses. Further, exhaust gases are highly oxidizing; material environmental resistance will be an important factor for long life. Several viable concepts have been identified to reduce noise through the mixture of exhaust and ambient air. Sound can be further suppressed by acoustic panels that absorb high-frequency noise.

Johnson, Andrew M.↗