SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “cooperatively”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2022

Cooperative Separation in Upper Class E Airspace

This document presents baseline functional requirements for a prototype NASA research Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) system to enable the cooperative separation concept [1, 2]. The baseline functional requirements are developed by incorporating inputs from NASA and the FAA researchers and engineering staff, and industry partners while accounting for the unique performance characteristics and mission needs of various existing and future ETM vehicle types. The functionalities include information sharing for situational awareness, conformance monitoring, and operating practices for cooperative separation. Several realistic traffic scenarios were built to test, validate, and demonstrate the cooperatively managed operation in the ETM environment and the associated capabilities in a simulation environment.

Upper Class E Air Traffic Management↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Guidance, Navigation, and Control for Laser-Based Non-Cooperative Target Detumbling

Orbital debris is a well known and growing problem presenting risks to the future of spaceflight. Many pieces of debris are defunct satellites or rocket upper stages. These large objects could generate an exponentially growing cloud of debris should they be involved in a collision, i.e., Kessler Syndrome. Future orbital debris remediation efforts often propose perturbing the orbit of these large targets to mitigate risk. These plans often involve non-cooperative rendezvous. In the absence of active control, the targets are expected to be tumbling which makes rendezvous a dangerous prospect. In this work we describe a guidance, navigation, and control system for a contactless non-cooperative target detumbling methodology which will significantly increase the safety of non-cooperative rendezvous. An onboard laser generates thrust on the target by ablating its surface material. This thrust is used to control target attitude. Our guidance, navigation, and control system is able to estimate relative pose, target the laser, and maintain formation flight during the detumbling process. The system is validated with Monte Carlo simulation in a variety of scenarios.

Guidance↗

NASA NTRS2005

Precision Manipulation with Cooperative Robots

This work addresses several challenges of cooperative transportThis work addresses several challenges of cooperative transport and precision manipulation. Precision manipulation requires a rigid grasp, which places a hard constraint on the relative rover formation that must be accommodated, even though the rovers cannot directly observe their relative poses. Additionally, rovers must jointly select appropriate actions based on all available sensor information. Lastly, rovers cannot act on independent sensor information, but must fuse information to move jointly; the methods for fusing information must be determined.

multi-robot teams↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

ETM Industry: Tabletop Defining Notions for Cooperative Operating Practices

This tabletop plans to cover 3 main topics in regards to the research that NASA has conducted for High-E Traffic Management (ETM), as well as implementing it to stand up an ETM system in the Airspace Operations Lab to invite industry participants to join us in a collaborative evaluation at the end of 2023. (Or earlier for system architectural connectivity). Working to define the notions that go into Cooperative Operating Practices for a collaborative traffic management process, we will be showing and training to some of our early prototype concepts and discussing: 1. Operational Intent: We have built an OI generation tool and would like to discuss specifics to the requirements of OI size, update rates, and duration. 2. Strategic Conflict Detection: We have built a concept to detect overlapping OI’s and would like to discuss the output information; time horizon, geometry and confidence level of intersection. In addition we are looking at a service that would provide all users with additional information in regards to the probability of your actual flight intent getting within a specified separation envelope. 3. Cooperative Operating Practices (COPS): Specifically looking at COPs for strategic deconfliction, we are looking to industry to build the actual COPS based on various criteria; vehicle-to-vehicle interactions, or company to company agreements. What is the strategy when OIs intersect; wait and see, take a pre-negotiated COPS action, or ad-hoc negotiation and discuss what that looks like.

High-E Traffic Management (ETM)↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Initial Analysis of Digitally Enabled Cooperative Operations in Class D Terminal Airspace

The primary contribution of this paper is an initial analysis of integrating digitally enabled cooperative operations (or digital operations for short) with Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations in the terminal airspace around a Class D airport, specifically around Fort Worth Alliance airport (KAFW). Enabled by connected digital technologies and automated information exchange, digital operations as envisioned would utilize cooperative practices and operator-responsible separation to ensure safety. In the present study, three conflict management configurations for digital operations were analyzed: 1) centralized with a single instance of a conflict management service to model a scenario with only one fleet operator conducting digital operations or all fleet operators utilizing the same service, 2) federated with two different instances to model a scenario with two different fleet operators conducting digital operations, and 3) fully distributed with a different instance for each digital operation. In simulations in which recorded tracks for VFR and IFR operations were played back and digital operations were modeled that would nominally arrive at KAFW once every 20 minutes (given no conflict resolution maneuvers), there were one or fewer losses of separation (LOS) across the three conflict management configurations. The same result was seen in simulations in which digital operations would nominally arrive at KAFW once every 10 minutes. However, in simulations in which digital operations would nominally arrive at KAFW once every 5 minutes, the number of LOS ranged between six and ten. This highlights the need for follow-on research to investigate the extent to which additional capabilities for digital operations, such as complexity management and/or flow organization, may be needed.

digitally enabled cooperative operations, digital ↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Initial Analysis of Digitally Enabled Cooperative Operations in Class D Terminal Airspace

digitally enabled cooperative operations↗

NASA NTRS1962

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SPACE

In the community of nations there exists today a deep and wide abyss separating one important and powerful group of nations from another. The political and philosophical differences which constitute this abyss are very real and very fundamental, and they are not likely to disappear during this century. There are smaller canyons in the landscape as well, some more permanent than others. However, it is possible to build bridges of culture, science, and cooperative effort of many kinds across these canyons so that men of good will from one side may mingle freely with those from the other side, and for a little while, at least, be as one people. Scientists have been helping to build bridges like this for a long time. Especially prominent in this sort of activity has been the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) which was the mother hen, so to speak, of the International Geophysical Year. At present, problems of international cooperation in space research are the concern of a Special Committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions, known as COSPAR (Committee on Space Research).

SPACE EXPLORATION↗

NASA NTRS1974

Unmanned solar systems exploration - An arena for international cooperation

Mission profiles for a Mars Surface Sample Return (MSSR) mission are considered. A profile using separate launches for a lander/ascent module and an orbiter/return system could use present technology and is appropriate for international cooperation. The achievement of clean interfaces between major building blocks and ease of controlling back contamination are advantages offered by the concept. A spatially distributed surface sample could be obtained by using multiple landers delivering samples to a common orbiter. The Pioneer Venus program, originally planned as a cooperative NASA-ESRO project, resulted in development of a standardized spacecraft bus yielding benefits at minimized cost. The first joint US-European planetary mission now planned is the launch of a Pioneer class orbiter to Jupiter in 1980. Feasibility studies are being conducted.

Herman, D. H.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Cooperative processes in image segmentation

Research into the role of cooperative, or relaxation, processes in image segmentation is surveyed. Cooperative processes can be employed at several levels of the segmentation process as a preprocessing enhancement step, during supervised or unsupervised pixel classification and, finally, for the interpretation of image segments based on segment properties and relations.

Davis, L. S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Space Station - Opportunity for international cooperation and utilization

In connection with his announcement regarding the development of a permanently manned Space Station, President Reagan invited the United States' friends and allies to join in the Space Station program. The President's invitation was preceded by more than two years of interaction between NASA and some of its potential partners in Space Station planning activities. Attention is given to international participation in Space Station planning, international cooperation on the Space Station, the guidelines for international cooperation, and the key challenges. Questions regarding quid pro quos are considered along with aspects of technology transfer, commercial use, problems of management, and the next steps concerning the Space Station program.

Pedersen, K. S.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Optimal cooperative control synthesis of active displays

The utility of augmenting displays to aid the human operator in controlling high order complex systems is well known. Analytical evaluations of various display designs for a simple k/s-squared plant in a compensatory tracking task using an Optimal Control Model (OCM) of human behavior is carried out. This analysis reveals that significant improvement in performance should be obtained by skillful integration of key information into the display dynamics. The cooperative control synthesis technique previously developed to design pilot-optimal control augmentation is extended to incorporate the simultaneous design of performance enhancing augmented displays. The application of the cooperative control synthesis technique to the design of augmented displays is discussed for the simple k/s-squared plant. This technique is intended to provide a systematic approach to design optimally augmented displays tailored for specific tasks.

Garg, S.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Managing cooperative research and development ventures

As cooperative ventures to conduct research and development become increasingly attractive, management of these collective undertakings poses new challenges to executives. In selecting the most appropriate organizational structure and strategy the author suggests that the collective enterprise executive must strike the best balance among three distinct but related elements: contribution of the participants; creation of benefits; and transfer of benefits to contributors. Eight types of cooperative R&D ventures are proposed with discussion of the unique management tasks associated with each type.

Murphy, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Optimal cooperative control synthesis of active displays

The utility of augmenting displays to aid the human operator in controlling high order complex systems is well known. Analytical evaluation of various display designs for a simple k/s sup 2 plant in a compensatory tracking task using an optimal Control Model (OCM) of human behavior is carried out. This analysis reveals that significant improvement in performance should be obtained by skillful integration of key information into the display dynamics. The cooperative control synthesis technique previously developed to design pilot-optimal control augmentation is extended to incorporate the simultaneous design of performance enhancing augmented displays. The application of the cooperative control synthesis technique to the design of augmented displays is discussed for the simple k/s sup 2 plant. This technique is intended to provide a systematic approach to design optimally augmented displays tailored for specific tasks.

Garg, S.↗

NASA NTRS1985

American experiences and perspectives - International cooperation on a permanently manned Space Station

In the late 1960s, NASA contemplated the establishment of a permanently manned Space Station along with the development of the Space Shuttle. After a temporary postponement of the Space Station project, it was finally decided to develop a Space Station and to have it operating by the early 1990s. This station is to serve in a variety of functions which are important for further advances with respect to the utilization of space. The Space Station could even serve as a staging base for trips to the moon and visits to Mars. An international approach is to be taken regarding the development and utilization of the Space Station, giving attention to a cooperation of the U.S. with Canada, Europe, and Japan. The implementation of such a cooperation requires that a number of problems are solved. Basic approaches suitable for achieving such a solution are discussed, taking into account the development of operational schemes which provide for efficient management, while permitting the exercise of diverse 'ownership' rights.

Pedersen, K. S.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Agreement between the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning scientific-technical cooperation

An agreement between the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning scientific technical cooperation is disclosed. The parties to the treaty agree to promote scientific and technical cooperation on a basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual advantage.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1986

Hybrid position/force control of multi-arm cooperating robots

This paper extends the theory of hybrid position/force control to the case of multi-arm cooperating robots. Cooperation between n robot arms is achieved by controlling each arm such that the burden of actuation is shared between the arms in a nonconflicting way as they control the position of and force on a designated point on an object. The object, which may or may not be in contact with a rigid environment, is assumed to be held rigidly by n robot end-effectors. Natural and artificial position and force constraints are defined for a point on the object and two selection matrices are obtained to control the arms. The position control loops are designed based on each manipulator's Cartesian space dynamic equations. In the position control subspace, a feature is provided which allows the robot arms to exert additional forces/torques to achieve compression, tension, or torsion in the object without affecting the execution of the motion trajectories. In the force control subspace, a method is introduced to minimize the total force/torque magnitude square while realizing the net desired force/torque on the environment.

Hayati, Samad↗

NASA NTRS1987

The exploration of Halley's comet - An example of international cooperation

The history of international cooperation in studies of comets started with observations in 1577 and 1680, when Tycho Brahe and Newton, respectively, collected position measurements made in different countries to determine the paths of the comets observed. In the fall of 1979, a worldwide Comet Halley watch was proposed. As a result of international cooperation, Comet Halley was explored during its recent appearance from the ground, earth orbit, Venus orbit, interplanetary space, and from within the comet itself. The various activities in space were coordinated by the ESA, the USSR Intercosmos, the Japanese ISAS, and NASA, through the Inter-Agency Consultative Group. The activities of the ground-based observers were coordinated by the International Halley Watch.

Rahe, Jurgen H.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Cooperative synthesis of control and display augmentation for a STOL aircraft in the approach and landing task

Application of the Cooperative methodology to synthesize control/display augmentation systems for the piloted longitudinal landing task with a modern, statically-unstable, fighter aircraft is considered. Starting with a control augmentation law which yields augmented vehicle dynamics that meet Level I handling qualities specifications, the effect of time-delay in the Head-up-display is studied using model-based criterion. This evaluation showed that even with 'good' conventional dynamics, a realistic value of display time-delay will cause significant deterioration in pilot workload and piloted-system performance. Application of the Cooperative methodology to control augmentation alone resulted in augmented vehicle dynamics which provide direct control of the flight path from the pilot stick. Analytical evaluation of these dynamics indicates that such dynamics might lead to improved pilot ratings over conventional dynamics, especially in the presence of time-delays in the system. Also, application of the methodology to simultaneous synthesis of control augmentation and flight director laws revealed that it might be advantageous to consider the control/display trade-off in the early design stages.

Garg, Sanjay↗