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Results for “conditional generation”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Asi Nuclear Energy Sensors Data Portal Chatbot And Data Structuring Tool

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is advancing the development of an AI-powered chatbot and data structuring tool specifically designed to accelerate data mining processes for sensor-related information and seamlessly integrate the results into the ASI Sensors Data Portal (https://nes.energy.gov/). By doing so, the software aims to enhance the accessibility, usability, and organization of sensor data for nuclear energy applications. The software initial phase focuses on retrieving comprehensive datasets, prioritizing the past five years of publicly available information from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). These datasets will be meticulously processed to ensure compatibility, employing cleaning and preprocessing steps to eliminate irrelevant, incomplete, or corrupted information, thus establishing a robust foundation for subsequent AI use. The data will serve as the backbone for training an AI model and chatbot, which will act as an interactive tool enabling users to ask complex, context-specific questions and receive accurate, validated answers derived from constrained literature. In parallel, the project incorporates a data structuring process supported by AI to organize sensor information from multiple sources into a standardized format. This structured data will include detailed sensor specifications, such as measurement range, applications, accuracy, and operating conditions, generated and documented with AI. These specifications will be systematically integrated into the sensor portal. To maintain the highest levels of accuracy and relevance, all AI-generated outputs will be reviewed and validated by subject matter experts (SMEs), with additional fields or parameters added as needed. Future stages of the project aim to expand the dataset beyond OSTI to include other sources and potentially incorporate unclassified controlled information (UCI) with restricted access protocols to address security and confidentiality requirements.

Mapes, NormanJ. [Idaho National Laboratory (INL), ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simulated Microstructures for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Myna, AdditiveFOAM, and ExaCA

This dataset provides sample datasets containing voxelized, three-dimensional representations of simulated grain structures and crystallographic orientations that can result from laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. The six microstructure files each contain approximately 1 cubic millimeter of material (1 mm x 1 mm cross-section over 26 simulated layers of deposition). Some of the microstructures have columnar grains that extend across nearly the entire simulation domain, while others have more equiaxed or truncated columnar grains. The process conditions to generate these microstructures were from the Peregrine v2023-10 dataset (10.13139/ORNLNCCS/2008021). The codes used are publicly available and released under open-source licenses. Myna (https://github.com/ORNL-MDF/Myna) was used for configuration of the cases from the Peregrine v2023-10 HDF5 dataset and to run the simulation workflow. AdditiveFOAM (https://github.com/ORNL/AdditiveFOAM) was used to simulate the melt pool and generate solidification conditions. And ExaCA (https://github.com/LLNL/ExaCA ) was used to simulate the three-dimensional microstructures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Operation at Reduced Atmospheric Pressure and Concept of Reliability Redundancy for Optimized Design of Insulation Systems

Electrified transportation is calling for insulation design criteria that is adequate to provide elevated levels of power density, power dynamics and reliability. Increasing voltage levels are expected to cause accelerated intrinsic and extrinsic aging effects which will not be easily predictable at the design stage due to a lack of suitable modeling. Designing reliable insulation systems would require finding solutions able to control accelerated aging due to an unpredictable increase of intrinsic stresses and the onset of extrinsic stresses as partial discharges. This paper proposes the concept of reliability redundancy for the insulation design of aerospace electrical asset components, which is also validated at lower-than-standard atmospheric pressure. The principle is that extrinsic-aging-free design might be achieved upon determining the aging stress or abnormal service stresses distribution and being sure that aging will not generate conditions that can incept extrinsic aging (partial discharges) during operation life. However, such information is never, in practice, fully available to insulation system designers. Hence, especially in critical applications such as electrified aircraft, aerospace, and combat ships a further level of reliability should be added to a partial-discharge-free design, which can consist of the use of corona-resistant materials and/or of life models able to consider the accelerated aging effect of partial discharges (or any other type of extrinsic-accelerated aging factor). Innovative life modeling considering both extrinsic and intrinsic aging stresses, insulating material testing to estimate model parameters, and a metric for quantifying the extent of corona (or partial discharge) resistance can lead to establishing feasibility and limit conditions for optimized or fully reliability-redundant design. It is shown in the paper that if an extrinsic-aging-free design is not feasible, and it is therefore replaced by a redundant design, a further level of reliability redundancy can be provided by effective condition monitoring plans.

Montanari, Gian Carlo↗
NASA NTRS1983

Preliminary rotor wake measurements with a laser velocimeter

A laser velocimeter (LV) was used to determine rotor wake characteristics. The effect of various fuselage widths and rotor-fuselage spacings on time averaged and detailed time dependent rotor wake velocity characteristics was defined. Definition of time dependent velocity characteristics was attempted with the LV by associating a rotor azimuth position with each velocity measurement. Results were discouraging in that no apparent time dependent velocity characteristics could be discerned from the LV measurements. Since the LV is a relatively new instrument in the rotor wake measurement field, the cause of this lack of periodicity is as important as the basic research objectives. An attempt was made to identify the problem by simulated acquisition of LV-type data for a predicted rotor wake velocity time history. Power spectral density and autocorrelation function estimation techniques were used to substantiate the conclusion that the primary cause of the lack of time dependent velocity characteristics was the nonstationary flow condition generated by the periodic turbulence level that currently exists in the open throat configuration of the wind tunnel.

Hoad, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Carbon deposition with LOX/RP-1 propellants

The generation and deposition of carbon were studied using subscale hardware with LOX/RP-1 propellants. Deposition on a turbine simulator at preburner or gas generator conditions was evaluated at mixture ratios of 0.25 to 1.0 and chamber pressures of 750 to 1500 psia. Deposition on the combustion chamber wall was investigated at mixture ratios of 2.0 to 4.0 and chamber pressures of 1000 to 1500 psia. Significant carbon buildup was observed on the turbine simulator at low mixture ratios but no carbon deposition on the chamber walls was detected at the higher mixture ratios.

Lausten, M. F.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Analyses of convective flows and spatial gradients in energetic ion observations

Based on the measured anisotropy of three-dimensional energetic ion distributions obtained from the Medium Energy Particle Instrument experiment of the ISEE 1 spacecraft, bulk flow, epsilon x B convection, and pressure gradients in magnetospheric plasmas are measured with two techniques. In the first technique, using a Compton-Getting transform into the appropriate rest frame in an iterative fashion and converging to the unique velocity that removes the first-order anisotropy from the flux angular distribution, the actual measured angular distribution, and spectrum at each angle, are employed. The second technique uses a first moment of the distribution function in which the shift in velocity space of the distribution function is obtained at two phase space density values. The convection contribution to the velocity shift is assumed to be perpendicular to the pressure gradient contribution if an MHD generator condition is assumed, rendering the two shifts separable, and a gradient scale and a lower limit to the convection electric field are derived in one calculation.

Mitchell, D. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Communications technology

The technologies for optimized, i.e., state of the art, operation of satellite-based communications systems are surveyed. Features of spaceborne active repeater systems, low-noise signal amplifiers, power amplifiers, and high frequency switches are described. Design features and capabilities of various satellite antenna systems are discussed, including multiple beam, shaped reflector shaped beam, offset reflector multiple beam, and mm-wave and laser antenna systems. Attitude control systems used with the antenna systems are explored, along with multiplexers, filters, and power generation, conditioning and amplification systems. The operational significance and techniques for exploiting channel bandwidth, baseband and modulation technologies are described. Finally, interconnectivity among communications satellites by means of RF and laser links is examined, as are the roles to be played by the Space Station and future large space antenna systems.

Cuccia, C. Louis↗
NASA NTRS1988

Quick actuating closure and handling system

A quick activating closure and handling system, which utilizes conical sections for locking, was developed to allow quick access to the combustor internal components of the 8 ft High Temperature Tunnel. These critical components include the existing methane spraybar, a transpiration cooled nozzle and the new liquid oxygen (LOX) injection system housed within the combustor. A substantial cost savings will be realized once the mechanism is installed since it will substantially reduce the access time and increase the time available for conducting wind tunnel tests. A need exists for more frequent inspections when the wind tunnel operates at the more severe conditions generated by using LOX in the combustor. A loads analysis and a structural (finite element) analysis were conducted to verify that the new closure system is compatible with the existing pressure shell. In addition, strain gages were placed on the pressure vessel to verify how the pressure shell reacts to transient pressure loads. A scale model of the new closure system was built to verify the operation of the conical sections in the locking mechanisms.

Allred, Johnny W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Experimental observations of two dimensional blade-vortex interaction

Blade-vortex interaction (BVI) is the source mechanism for a prominent impulsive noise created by rotorcraft. An experimental study of two dimensional BVI, a simplified case representing the most intense and impulsive noise generation condition, was performed to explore the fundamental physics associated with the blade-vortex interaction process. The purpose of this paper is to report cumulative results from this experimental study. The interaction process is shown to involve a combination of effects on the vortex including changes in trajectory and distortion of the vortex core shape. The blade involved undergoes significant transient loading. The effects of the interaction process on the blade and the vortex are shown to be increased by both reduction of blade-to-vortex spacing and increase in blade loading. Calculations of the acoustic field produced by the interaction using measured unsteady blade surface pressure data are presented and show acoustic waveforms similar to those obtained from model helicopter acoustic tests.

Booth, E. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Evolution of recurrent solar wind structures between 14 AU and the termination shock

The solar wind conditions observed from Voyager 2 at approximately 14 AU are extrapolated to the region of the outer heliosphere bounded by the termination shock, using an MHD simulation model. Results from two simulation studies are presented for two sets of nearly recurrent solar wind interaction regions, with initial conditions generated from plasma and magnetic field data observed on March 1984 at 13.8 AU, and on November 1984 at 15.4, respectively. Each simulation describes an idealized recurrent solar wind structure in the supersonic region of the outer heliosphere out to the termination shock far beyond the present reaches of the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft. It is shown that a collision between the forward shock and the reverse shock occurs approximately every 40 AU. When a forward shock interacts with the termination shock, the latter is weakened and moves outward; the termination shock is strengthened and moves inward when a reverse shock interacts with it.

Whang, Y. C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Reaction of perfluoroalkylpolyethers (PFPE) with 440C steel in vacuum under sliding conditions at room temperature

Reactions of perfluoroalkylpolyethers (PFPE: Fomblin, Demnum and Krytox) were studied during the sliding contact of stainless steel specimens under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. All three fluids reacted with the steel specimens during sliding. Fomblin, which has acetal linkages, decomposed under the sliding conditions generating gaseous products, (COF2 and fluorinated carbons) which were detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Gaseous products were not detected for the Demnum and Krytox fluids. The amount of gaseous products from Fomblin increased with increasing sliding speed. At the end of the sliding experiments, the wear scar and deposits on the specimens were examined by small spot size XPS. The oxide layer on the specimen surface was removed during sliding, and metal fluorides were formed on the worn surface. The surface of the wear scar and deposits were covered with adsorbed PFPE. Based on these results, it was concluded that the decomposition reaction on Fomblin was initiated by contacting the fluid with a fresh metal surface which was formed during sliding.

Mori, Shigeyuki↗
NASA NTRS1990

Decomposition of perfluoroalkylpolyethers (PFPE) in ultra-high vacuum under sliding conditions

Reactions of perfluoroalkylpolyethers (PFPE: Fomblin, Demnum and Krytox) were studied during the sliding contact of stainless steel specimens under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. All three fluids reacted with the steel specimens during sliding. Fomblin, which has acetal linkages, decomposed under the sliding conditions generating gaseous products, (COF2 and fluorinated carbons) which were detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Gaseous products were not detected for the Demnum and Krytox fluids. The amount of gaseous products from Fomblin increased with increasing sliding speed. At the end of the sliding experiments, the wear scar and deposits on the specimens were examined by small spot size XPS. The oxide layer on the specimen surface was removed during sliding, and metal fluorides were formed on the worn surface. The surface of the wear scar and deposits were covered with adsorbed PFPE. Based on these results, it was concluded that the decomposition reaction on Fomblin was initiated by contacting the fluid with a fresh metal surface which was formed during sliding.

Mori, Shigeyuki↗
NASA NTRS1993

Modelling the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System: Another flexible model

High fidelity elastic system modeling algorithms are discussed. The particular system studied is the Space Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (RMS) undergoing full articulated motion. The model incorporates flexibility via a methodology the author has been developing. The technique is based in variational principles, so rigorous boundary condition generation and weak formulations for the associated partial differential equations are realized, yet the analyst need not integrate by parts. The methodology is formulated using vector-dyad notation with minimal use of tensor notation, therefore the technique is believed to be affable to practicing engineers. The objectives of this work are as follows: (1) determine the efficacy of the modeling method; and (2) determine if the method affords an analyst advantages in the overall modeling and simulation task. Generated out of necessity were Mathematica algorithms that quasi-automate the modeling procedure and simulation development. The project was divided into sections as follows: (1) model development of a simplified manipulator; (2) model development of the full-freedom RMS including a flexible movable base on a six degree of freedom orbiter (a rigid-body is attached to the manipulator end-effector); (3) simulation development for item 2; and (4) comparison to the currently used model of the flexible RMS in the Structures and Mechanics Division of NASA JSC. At the time of the writing of this report, items 3 and 4 above were not complete.

Barhorst, Alan A.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Laboratory instrumentation and techniques for characterizing multi-junction solar cells for space applications

Multi-junction solar cells are attractive for space applications because they can be designed to convert a larger fraction of AMO into electrical power at a lower cost than single-junction cells. The performance of multi-junction cells is much more sensitive to the spectral irradiance of the illuminating source than single-junction cells. The design of high efficiency multi-junction cells for space applications requires matching the optoelectronic properties of the junctions to AMO spectral irradiance. Unlike single-junction cells, it is not possible to carry out quantum efficiency measurements using only a monochromatic probe beam and determining the cell short-circuit current assuming linearity of the quantum efficiency. Additionally, current-voltage characteristics can not be calculated from measurements under non-AMO light sources using spectral-correction methods. There are reports in the literature on characterizing the performance of multi junction cells by measuring and convoluting the quantum efficiency of each junction with the spectral irradiance; the technique is of limited value for the characterization of cell performance under AMO power-generating conditions. We report the results of research to develop instrumentation and techniques for characterizing multi junction solar cells for space . An integrated system is described which consists of a standard lamp, spectral radiometer, dual-source solar simulator, and personal computer based current-voltage and quantum efficiency equipment. The spectral radiometer is calibrated regularly using the tungsten-halogen standard lamp which has a calibration based on NIST scales. The solar simulator produces the light bias beam for current-voltage and cell quantum efficiency measurements. The calibrated spectral radiometer is used to 'fit' the spectral irradiance of the dual-source solar simulator to WRL AMO data. The quantum efficiency apparatus includes a monochromatic probe beam for measuring the absolute cell quantum efficiency at various voltage biases, including the voltage bias corresponding to the maximum-power point under AMO light bias. The details of the procedures to 'fit' the spectral irradiance to AMO will be discussed. An assessment of the role of the accuracy of the 'fit' of the spectral irradiance and probe beam intensity on measured cell characteristics will be presented. quantum efficiencies were measured with both spectral light bias and AMO light bias; the measurements show striking differences. Spectral irradiances were convoluted with cell quantum efficiencies to calculate cell currents as function of voltage. The calculated currents compare with measured currents at the 1% level. Measurements on a variety of multi-junction cells will be presented. The dependence of defects in junctions on cell quantum efficiencies measured under light and voltage bias conditions will be presented. Comments will be made on issues related to standards for calibration, and limitations of the instrumentation and techniques. Expeditious development of multi-junction solar cell technology for space presents challenges for cell characterization in the laboratory.

Woodyard, James R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Insulation Requirements of High-Voltage Power Systems in Future Spacecraft

The scope, size, and capability of the nation's space-based activities are limited by the level of electrical power available. Long-term projections show that there will be an increasing demand for electrical power in future spacecraft programs. The level of power that can be generated, conditioned, transmitted, and used will have to be considerably increased to satisfy these needs, and increased power levels will require that transmission voltages also be increased to minimize weight and resistive losses. At these projected voltages, power systems will not operate satisfactorily without the proper electrical insulation. Open or encapsulated power supplies are currently used to keep the volume and weight of space power systems low and to protect them from natural and induced environmental hazards. Circuits with open packaging are free to attain the pressure of the outer environment, whereas encapsulated circuits are imbedded in insulating materials, which are usually solids, but could be liquids or gases. Up to now, solid insulation has usually been chosen for space power systems. If the use of solid insulation is continued, when voltages increase, the amount of insulation for encapsulation also will have to increase. This increased insulation will increase weight and reduce system reliability. Therefore, non-solid insulation media must be examined to satisfy future spacecraft power and voltage demands. In this report, we assess the suitability of liquid, space vacuum, and gas insulation for space power systems.

Qureshi, A. Haq↗
NASA NTRS1998

Second Harmonic Hectometric Radio Emission at Jupiter

Galileo has been in orbit around Jupiter since December 1995. The plasma wave instrument on board the spacecraft has occasionally detected a rotationally modulated attenuation band in the hectometric (HOM) emission that most likely is due to scattering of the radiation from density fluctuations along the Io L-shell, as reported earlier. The occurrence of the attenuation band is likely to be dependent on Io activity and the presence of density scattering centers along the Io L-shell as well as the location of the source region. Some of the attenuation bands show clear indications of second harmonic emission. Without polarization measurements, it is difficult to place constraints on the local generation conditions based on the cyclotron maser instability, but the results imply that second harmonic emission could be present in the decametric (DAM) radiation as well. A survey of the data has revealed about 30 examples of second harmonic HOM.

Menietti, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Second Harmonic Hectometric Radio Emission at Jupiter

Galileo has been in orbit around Jupiter since December 1995. The plasma wave instrument on board the spacecraft has occasionally detected a rotationally modulated attenuation band in the hectometric (HOM) emission that most likely is due to scattering of the radiation from density fluctuations along the Io L-shell, as reported earlier. The occurrence of the attenuation band is likely to be dependent on Io activity and the presence of density scattering centers along the Io-L-shell as well as the location of the source region. Some of the attenuation bands show clear indications of second harmonic emission. Without polarization measurements, it is difficult to place constraints on the local generation conditions based on the cyclotron maser instability, but the results imply that second harmonic emission could be present in the decametric (DAM) radiation as well. A survey of the data has revealed about 30 examples of second harmonic HOM.

Menietti, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Projection Moire Interferometry for Rotorcraft Applications: Deformation Measurements of Active Twist Rotor Blades

Projection Moire Interferometry (PMI) has been used during wind tunnel tests to obtain azimuthally dependent blade bending and twist measurements for a 4-bladed Active Twist Rotor (ATR) system in simulated forward flight. The ATR concept offers a means to reduce rotor vibratory loads and noise by using piezoelectric active fiber composite actuators embedded in the blade structure to twist each blade as they rotate throughout the rotor azimuth. The twist imparted on the blades for blade control causes significant changes in blade loading, resulting in complex blade deformation consisting of coupled bending and twist. Measurement of this blade deformation is critical in understanding the overall behavior of the ATR system and the physical mechanisms causing the reduction in rotor loads and noise. PMI is a non-contacting, video-based optical measurement technique capable of obtaining spatially continuous structural deformation measurements over the entire object surface within the PMI system field-of-view. When applied to rotorcraft testing, PMI can be used to measure the azimuth-dependent blade bending and twist along the full span of the rotor blade. This paper presents the PMI technique as applied to rotorcraft testing, and provides results obtained during the ATR tests demonstrating the PMI system performance. PMI measurements acquired at select blade actuation conditions generating minimum and maximum rotor loads are provided to explore the interrelationship between rotor loads, blade bending, and twist.

Fleming, Gary A.↗