Toward a Nanofiber Atomic Guide For Atom Interferometry.
Abstract not provided.
Orozco, Adrian Samuel↗
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Results for “atom interferometry”
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Nanofiber testbed for guided atom interferometry in high dynamic environments.
Abstract not provided.
Orozco, Adrian Samuel↗
A Cold Atom Interferometry Sensor Platform Based On Diffractive Optics and Integrated Photonics.
Abstract not provided.
Schwindt, Peter↗
Deployable Cold Atom Interferometry Sensor Platforms Based On Diffractive Optics and Integrated Photonics.
Abstract not provided.
Lee, Jongmin↗
Full quantum mechanical analysis of atomic three-grating Mach–Zehnder interferometry
Atomic three-grating Mach–Zehnder interferometry constitutes an important tool to probe fundamental aspects of the quantum theory. There is, however, a remarkable gap in the literature between the oversimplified models and robust numerical simulations considered to describe the corresponding experiments. Consequently, the former usually lead to paradoxical scenarios, such as the wave–particle dual behavior of atoms, while the latter make difficult the data analysis in simple terms. Here these issues are tackled by means of a simple grating working model consisting of evenly-spaced Gaussian slits. As is shown, this model suffices to explore and explain such experiments both analytically and numerically, giving a good account of the full atomic journey inside the interferometer, and hence contributing to make less mystic the physics involved. More specifically, it provides a clear and unambiguous picture of the wavefront splitting that takes place inside the interferometer, illustrating how the momentum along each emerging diffraction order is well defined even though the wave function itself still displays a rather complex shape. To this end, the local transverse momentum is also introduced in this context as a reliable analytical tool. The splitting, apart from being a key issue to understand atomic Mach–Zehnder interferometry, also demonstrates at a fundamental level how wave and particle aspects are always present in the experiment, without incurring in any contradiction or interpretive paradox. On the other hand, at a practical level, the generality and versatility of the model and methodology presented, makes them suitable to attack analogous problems in a simple manner after a convenient tuning. - Highlights: • A simple model is proposed to analyze experiments based on atomic Mach–Zehnder interferometry. • The model can be easily handled both analytically and computationally. • A theoretical analysis based on the combination of the position and momentum representations is considered. • Wave and particle aspects are shown to coexist within the same experiment, thus removing the old wave-corpuscle dichotomy. • A good agreement between numerical simulations and experimental data is found without appealing to best-fit procedures.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Robust Optimized Pulse Schemes for Atomic Fountain Interferometry
The robustness of an atomic fountain interferometer with respect to variations in the initial velocity of the atoms and deviations from the optimal pulse amplitude is examined. We numerically simulate the dynamics of an interferometer in momentum space with a maximum separation of and map out the expected signal contrast depending on the variance of the initial velocity distribution and the value of the laser field amplitude. We show that an excitation scheme based on rapid adiabatic passage significantly enhances the expected signal contrast, compared to the commonly used scheme consisting of a series of and pulses. We demonstrate further substantial increase of the robustness by using optimal control theory to identify splitting and swapping pulses that perform well on an ensemble average of pulse amplitudes and velocities. Our results demonstrate the ability of optimal control to significantly enhance future implementations of atomic fountain interferometry.
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
Optical nanofiber testbeds for benchmarking membrane-waveguide photonic integrated circuit platforms toward on-chip quantum inertial sensing
Recent advances in cold atom interferometry with optical and magnetic atom guides have set the stage for quantum inertial sensors capable of operating in dynamic environments. In this work, we present three key innovations—evanescent-field (EF) atom guides, optical nanofiber testbeds, and membrane-waveguide photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platforms—to advance EF-guided atom interferometry. First, we demonstrate EF atom guides on optical nanofiber testbeds, which serve as performance benchmarks for our membrane-waveguide PIC platforms. Second, we achieve low-power ( ~ 5 mW) guiding of freely moving, laser-cooled 133 Cs atoms in two-color, traveling-wave EF optical dipole traps at the novel, heat-efficient magic wavelengths of 793 and 937 nm (i.e., “793/937-nm EF atom guides”). Concurrently, we design and fabricate membrane-waveguide PIC platforms for these EF atom guides; in our prior work, we showed that these structures safely accommodate 4–6 times the required optical trap power under vacuum and enable dense cold atom generation via magneto-optical trapping in the vicinity of the optical wavguide for efficient loading. Third, we verify preserved atomic coherence via microwave fields and EF-coupled Doppler-free Raman beams; to our knowledge, this is the first report of coherence fringes driven by co-propagating EF-coupled Raman beams with only 150 nW of total optical power. By providing a direct comparison between optical nanofiber testbeds and membrane-waveguide PIC platforms, our results lay critical groundwork for the on-chip realization of EF-guided atom interferometry and the development of fully integrated, compact, lightweight, and low-power quantum accelerometers and gyroscopes.
Orozco, Adrian [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-↗
The application of Raman laser in gravity measurement and metrology
Atom Interferometry is proved to be a potential method for measuring the acceleration of atoms due to Gravity, we are now building a feasible system of cold atom gravimeter, it is based on the atom interferometry technology by coherently manipulating the cold atoms in a fountain (with a height of 1m) with specific Raman lasers, the cold atom wave packet is splitted, combined, and then re-splitted in the process. Then the atomic wave packet will acquire different phase because of the different evolution path. The precise acceleration can be deduced through the precision measurement of atomic interference fringes phase, and this will be a high precision standard of acceleration. At present, the preparation of Raman laser and the precise control of the laser Frequency have been finished, and they have been proved to meet the requirements of the experiment.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Cumulative fidelity of large-momentum-transfer clock atom interferometers in the presence of laser noise
Clock atom interferometry is an emerging technique in precision measurements that is particularly well suited for sensitivity enhancement through large momentum transfer (LMT). While current systems have demonstrated momentum separations of several hundreds of photon momenta, next-generation quantum sensors are targeting an LMT enhancement factor beyond 10 4 . However, the viability of LMT clock interferometers has recently come into question due to the potential impact of laser frequency noise. Here, in this work, we resolve this concern by analyzing the cumulative fidelity of sequential state inversions in an LMT atom interferometer. We show that the population error from 𝑛 pulses applied from alternating directions scales linearly with 𝑛. This is a significant advantage over the 𝑛 2 scaling that occurs when probing a two-level system 𝑛 times from the same direction. We further show that contributions to the interferometer signal from parasitic paths generated by imperfect pulses are negligible, for any loss mechanism. These results establish that laser frequency noise is not a practical limitation for the development of high-fidelity LMT clock atom interferometers.
Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry↗
Dynamical phase interferometry of cold atoms in optical lattices
We study the propagation of cold-atom wave packets in an interferometer with a Mach-Zehnder topology based on the dynamical phase of Bloch oscillation in a weakly forced optical lattice with a narrow potential barrier that functions as a cold-atom wave-packet splitter. We calculate analytically the atomic wave function, and show that the expected number of atoms in the two outputs of the interferometer oscillates rapidly as a function of the angle between the potential barrier and the forcing direction with period proportional to the external potential difference across a lattice spacing divided by the lattice band energy scale. The interferometer can be used as a high-precision force probe whose principle of operation is different from current interferometers based on the overall position of Bloch oscillating wave packets.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Laser Transport System Vacuum Simulations and LED Atom Tracker
MAGIS-100 is an experiment using atom interferometry on strontium atoms in a 100m vacuum chamber. The laser travels through a laser transport system (LTS) before going down the chamber. Two projects were completed over the course of the internship. One project was conducting vacuum simulations on the LTS to ensure it meets the experimental pressure requirement of 10-11 torr. This was done by characterizing the pressure profile with variations in pump size, pump spacing, and orifice size. The initial design of the LTS included one 30 L/s ion pump in the high vacuum (HV) region, a lens mount with holes of diameter 0.788”, and three 150 L/s ion pumps in the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) region. After adjusting these variables, it was concluded that the lens mount holes could be reduced to 0.200” in diameter and one 150 L/s ion pump in the UHV could be removed and still meet the experimental requirements. The other project was to design an LED atom tracker that shows the position of the strontium atoms in the 100m shaft. This will help with public outreach by allowing visitors to have a visual of the experiment. An Arduino Uno and Arduino Due were programmed using classical physics formulas to direct the RGB LED strips to flash in sync with the falling atoms. The requirements for powering and connecting the hardware were calculated and recommendations for scaling the system to 100m were made.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Improved optical standing-wave beam splitters for dilute Bose–Einstein condensates
Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)-based atom interferometry exploits low temperatures and long coherence lengths to facilitate high-precision measurements. Progress in atom interferometry promises improvements in navigational devices like gyroscopes and accelerometers, as well as applications in fundamental physics such as accurate determination of physical constants. Previous work demonstrates that beam splitters and mirrors for coherent manipulation of dilute BEC momentum in atom interferometers can be implemented with sequences of non-resonant standing-wave light pulses. While previous work focuses on the optimization of the optical pulses’ amplitude and duration to produce high-order momentum states with high fidelity, we explore how varying the shape of the optical pulses affects optimal beam-splitter performance, as well as the effect of pulse shape on the sensitivity of optimized parameters in achieving high fidelity in high-momentum states. Here, in simulations of two-pulse beam splitters utilizing optimized square, triangle, and sinc-squared pulse shapes applied to dilute BECs, we, in some cases, reduce parameter sensitivity by an order of magnitude while maintaining fidelity.
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
Note: Directly measuring the direct digital synthesizer frequency chirp-rate for an atom interferometer
During gravity measurements with Raman type atom interferometry, the frequency of the laser used to drive Raman transition is scanned by chirping the frequency of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS), and the local gravity is determined by precisely measuring the chip rate α of DDS. We present an effective method that can directly evaluate the frequency chirp rate stability of our DDS. By mixing a pair of synchronous linear sweeping signals, the chirp rate fluctuation is precisely measured with a frequency counter. The measurement result shows that the relative α instability can reach 5.7 × 10{sup −11} in 1 s, which is neglectable in a 10{sup −9} g level atom interferometry gravimeter.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Novel light field imaging device with enhanced light collection for cold atom clouds
We present a light field imaging system that captures multiple views of an object with a single shot. The system is designed to maximize the total light collection by accepting a larger solid angle of light than a conventional lens with equivalent depth of field. This is achieved by populating a plane of virtual objects using mirrors and fully utilizing the available field of view and depth of field. Simulation results demonstrate that this design is capable of single-shot tomography of objects of size $\mathcal{O}$(1 mm 3 ), reconstructing the 3-dimensional (3D) distribution and features not accessible from any single view angle in isolation. In particular, for atom clouds used in atom interferometry experiments, the system can reconstruct 3D fringe patterns with size $\mathcal{O}$(100 μm). We also demonstrate this system with a 3D-printed prototype. The prototype is used to take images of $\mathcal{O}$(1 mm 3 ) sized objects, and 3D reconstruction algorithms running on a single-shot image successfully reconstruct $\mathcal{O}$(100 μm) internal features. The prototype also shows that the system can be built with 3D printing technology and hence can be deployed quickly and cost-effectively in experiments with needs for enhanced light collection or 3D reconstruction. Imaging of cold atom clouds in atom interferometry is a key application of this new type of imaging device where enhanced light collection, high depth of field, and 3D tomographic reconstruction can provide new handles to characterize the atom clouds.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Dual-Beam Atom Laser Driven by Spinor Dynamics
An atom laser now undergoing development simultaneously generates two pulsed beams of correlated Rb-87 atoms. (An atom laser is a source of atoms in beams characterized by coherent matter waves, analogous to a conventional laser, which is a source of coherent light waves.) The pumping mechanism of this atom laser is based on spinor dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate. By virtue of the angular-momentum conserving collisions that generate the two beams, the number of atoms in one beam is correlated with the number of atoms in the other beam. Such correlations are intimately linked to entanglement and squeezing in atomic ensembles, and atom lasers like this one could be used in exploring related aspects of Bose-Einstein condensates, and as components of future sensors relying on atom interferometry. In this atom-laser apparatus, a Bose-Einstein condensate of about 2 x 10(exp 6) Rb-87 atoms at a temperature of about 120 micro-K is first formed through all-optical means in a relatively weak singlebeam running-wave dipole trap that has been formed by focusing of a CO2-laser beam. By a technique that is established in the art, the trap is loaded from an ultrahigh-vacuum magnetooptical trap that is, itself, loaded via a cold atomic beam from an upstream two-dimensional magneto-optical trap that resides in a rubidium-vapor cell that is differentially pumped from an adjoining vacuum chamber, wherein are performed scientific observations of the beams ultimately generated by the atom laser.
Thompson, Robert↗
Nasa’s Cold Atom Lab Turns 3 Years Cold: Ongoing Studies of Quantum Gases and Atom-Wave Interferometry in Low-Earth Orbit
No abstract provided
Aveline, David↗
Guided cold atom inertial sensors with membrane integrated photonics on atom trap integrated platforms
A guided cold-atom inertial sensor system comprises an atom trap integrated platform, a laser system, a magnetic field system, a control system, and a computing system. The laser system and magnetic field system are adapted to form a magneto-optical trap (MOT) about a suspended waveguide of the atom trap integrated platform made of membrane integrated photonics. After loading cold atoms from a MOT, the photonic atom trap integrated platform generates one-dimensional guided atoms with an evanescent field optical dipole trap (EF-ODT) along the optical waveguide to create guided atomic accelerometers/gyroscopes. Motion of atomic wavepackets in a superposition state is created along the guided atom geometry by way of state-dependent momentum kicks. The light-pulse sequence of guided atom interferometry splits, redirects, and recombines atomic wavepackets, which allows measurement of atom interference fringes sensitive to inertial forces via a probe laser.
Lee, Jongmin↗