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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Unblocking Oxygen Charge Compensation for Stabilized High‐Voltage Structure in P2‐Type Sodium‐Ion Cathode

Abstract Layered transition‐metal (TM) oxides are ideal hosts for Li + charge carriers largely due to the occurrence of oxygen charge compensation that stabilizes the layered structure at high voltage. Hence, enabling charge compensation in sodium layered oxides is a fascinating task for extending the cycle life of sodium‐ion batteries. Herein a Ti/Mg co‐doping strategy for a model P2‐Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 cathode material is put forward to activate charge compensation through highly hybridized O 2 p TM 3 d covalent bonds. In this way, the interlayer OO electrostatic repulsion is weakened upon deeply charging, which strongly affects the systematic total energy that transforms the striking P2–O2 interlayer contraction into a moderate solid‐solution‐type evolution. Accordingly, the cycling stability of the codoped cathode material is improved superiorly over the pristine sample. This study starts a perspective way of optimizing the sodium layered cathodes by rational structural design coupling electrochemical reactions, which can be extended to widespread battery researches.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Computational Investigation of MAX as Intercalation Host for Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Battery

Abstract Layered carbides and their analogs with MAX phase (general formula AM n+1 X n ) have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage and conversion applications. One frontier for energy storage is using MAX as an Al‐ion intercalation electrode. Given that many MAXs have Al as the A sites, the structure can potentially serve as a stable host for Al intercalation. Here in this work, 425 ternary MAX Al‐ion battery electrodes are computationally enumerated. Specifically, first principal phase diagram calculations are performed on the combinatorial space of 17 types of typical transition metals, five types of anions (C, N, B, Si, and P), three types of stoichiometries (n = 1, 2, and 3) and two types of layered stackings (α and β). Among all the ternary MAX materials, 44 candidates show reasonable synthetic accessibility, and six with extraordinary performance are predicted to be promising Al‐ion battery electrodes. With the phase stability, and electrochemical performance (average voltage, theoretical capacity, energy density, and Al diffusion barrier), the work provides a comprehensive computational assessment of the great opportunities behind MAX‐based Al‐ion batteries.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spontaneous dynamical disordering of borophenes in MgB2 and related metal borides

Abstract Layered boron compounds have attracted significant interest in applications from energy storage to electronic materials to device applications, owing in part to a diversity of surface properties tied to specific arrangements of boron atoms. Here we report the energy landscape for surface atomic configurations of MgB 2 by combining first-principles calculations, global optimization, material synthesis and characterization. We demonstrate that contrary to previous assumptions, multiple disordered reconstructions are thermodynamically preferred and kinetically accessible within exposed B surfaces in MgB 2 and other layered metal diborides at low boron chemical potentials. Such a dynamic environment and intrinsic disordering of the B surface atoms present new opportunities to realize a diverse set of 2D boron structures. We validated the predicted surface disorder by characterizing exfoliated boron-terminated MgB 2 nanosheets. We further discuss application-relevant implications, with a particular view towards understanding the impact of boron surface heterogeneity on hydrogen storage performance.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Co-design for Particle Applications at Exascale

Co-design across the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) has been critical for both enabling science applications and bringing disparate communities together. Developing and porting applications to the various high-performance computing (HPC) architectures on pre-exascale and exascale computers has been quite challenging due to the diversity of hardware features and software stacks. The Co-design Center for Particle Applications (CoPA) has developed and enhanced the Cabana and PROGRESS/BML libraries to facilitate the creation of new particle applications, make existing particle applications exascale capable, and allow teams to explore new capabilities. Particle methods from atomistic, mesoscale, continuum, through cosmological scales have been built with Cabana, along with new possibilities for application coupling. Similarly, the PROGRESS/BML library has enabled quantum particle applications with linear algebra solvers to use advanced hardware. Across these CoPA-developed libraries, the co-design abstraction layer combines performance portability with math library support to facilitate separation of concerns and directly support science runs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

The DUNE-DAQ Application Framework

The deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino experiment that will probe the properties of these elusive particles with unparalleled precision. It will also act as an observatory for neutrino bursts caused by nearby supernovae, in the event that one occurs, while the experiment is in operation. Given these goals, the DUNE trigger and DAQ system must be able to maintain extremely high uptime and provide a path for full readout of the detectors for very long times (up to 100 s). To achieve these ends, we have designed the DUNE DAQ system around a flexible “application framework,” which provides a modular interface for specific tasks while handling the interconnections between them. The application framework collects modules into applications, which can then be interacted with as units by the control, configuration, and monitoring systems. One of the key features of the framework is its communication abstraction layer, which allows for modules to interact with both internal queues and external network connections with a single transport-agnostic interface. We will report on the architecture and features of the framework.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

AMReX v2024

The software framework, AMReX, supports the development of block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithms for solving systems of partial differential equations. AMR reduces the computational cost and memory footprint compared to a uniform mesh while preserving the essential local descriptions of different physical processes in complex multiphysics algorithms. AMR uses a hierarchical representation of the solution at multiple levels of resolution where the solution on each level is defined on the union of data containers at that resolution. These data containers, which represent the solution over a logically rectangular subregion of the domain, can contain field data defined on a mesh, Lagrangian particles or combinations of both. In addition to these basic data types, AMReX supports a multilevel embedded boundary representation of complex geometry; linear solvers for cell-centered and nodal data; asynchronous I/O in a native format readable by ParaView, VisIt and yt; and interfaces to hypre and PETSc solvers. AMReX enables applications to run on distributed memory architectures with multicore CPUs and with GPU accelerators. AMReX uses a lightweight abstraction layer that effectively hides the details of the architecture from the application. The framework currently supports CUDA, HIP and SYCL for GPU acceleration and OpenMP for multi-core CPU architectures.

Almgren, Ann↗
DOE OSTI2023

phenix v. 7.0

SAND2021-6741 O phenix is Sandia's orchestration tool that allows users to quickly deploy, un-deploy, and interact with SCEPTRE ICS environments. phenix is an orchestration tool used for managing the creation, configuration, and deployment of modeling and simulation environments. As an abstraction layer on top of an underlying virtual machine manager called minimega, phenix organizes the network, application, and scenario information for a given deployment. It allows users to create, configure, and deploy experiments in a repeatable and rapid fashion. An application framework provides the flexibility to manipulate an experiment to suit various needs and requirements. phenix also includes a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) where experiments can be created, configured, and interacted with.

Sahakian, Meghan↗
DOE OSTI2021

FleCSI Intro 2.0 [Slides]

FleCSI is a programming system or framework for developing mulitphysics application codes. FleCSI provides two primary capabilities--runtime abstraction layer and topology data structures.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

The DUNE DAQ Application Framework

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino experiment that will probe the properties of these elusive particles with unparalleled precision. It will also act as an observatory for neutrino bursts caused by nearby supernovae, in the event that one occurs while the experiment is in operation. Given these goals, the DUNE trigger and DAQ system must be able to maintain extremely high uptime and provide a path for full readout of the detectors for very long times (up to 100s). To achieve these ends, we have designed the DUNE DAQ system around a flexible “application framework”, which provides a modular interface for specific tasks while handling the interconnections between them. The application framework collects modules into applications which can then be interacted with as units by the control, configuration and monitoring systems. One of the key features of the framework is its communications abstraction layer, which allows for modules to interact with both internal queues and external network connections with a single transport-agnostic interface. We will report on the architecture and features of the framework.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Astronomy Commons Platform: A Deployable Cloud-based Analysis Platform for Astronomy

Abstract We present a scalable, cloud-based science platform solution designed to enable next-to-the-data analyses of terabyte-scale astronomical tabular data sets. The presented platform is built on Amazon Web Services (over Kubernetes and S3 abstraction layers), utilizes Apache Spark and the Astronomy eXtensions for Spark for parallel data analysis and manipulation, and provides the familiar JupyterHub web-accessible front end for user access. We outline the architecture of the analysis platform, provide implementation details and rationale for (and against) technology choices, verify scalability through strong and weak scaling tests, and demonstrate usability through an example science analysis of data from the Zwicky Transient Facility’s 1Bn+ light-curve catalog. Furthermore, we show how this system enables an end user to iteratively build analyses (in Python) that transparently scale processing with no need for end-user interaction. The system is designed to be deployable by astronomers with moderate cloud engineering knowledge, or (ideally) IT groups. Over the past 3 yr, it has been utilized to build science platforms for the DiRAC Institute, the ZTF partnership, the LSST Solar System Science Collaboration, and the LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing, as well as for numerous short-term events (with over 100 simultaneous users). In a live demo instance, the deployment scripts, source code, and cost calculators are accessible. 4 4 http://hub.astronomycommons.org/

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2003

High-Level Data Races

Data races are a common problem in concurrent and multi-threaded programming. They are hard to detect without proper tool support. Despite the successful application of these tools, experience shows that the notion of data race is not powerful enough to capture certain types of inconsistencies occurring in practice. In this paper we investigate data races on a higher abstraction layer. This enables us to detect inconsistent uses of shared variables, even if no classical race condition occurs. For example, a data structure representing a coordinate pair may have to be treated atomically. By lifting the meaning of a data race to a higher level, such problems can now be covered. The paper defines the concepts view and view consistency to give a notation for this novel kind of property. It describes what kinds of errors can be detected with this new definition, and where its limitations are. It also gives a formal guideline for using data structures in a multi-threading environment.

Artho, Cyrille↗
NASA NTRS2008

STRS Compliant FPGA Waveform Development

The Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) Architecture Standard describes a standard for NASA space software defined radios (SDRs). It provides a common framework that can be used to develop and operate a space SDR in a reconfigurable and reprogrammable manner. One goal of the STRS Architecture is to promote waveform reuse among multiple software defined radios. Many space domain waveforms are designed to run in the special signal processing (SSP) hardware. However, the STRS Architecture is currently incomplete in defining a standard for designing waveforms in the SSP hardware. Therefore, the STRS Architecture needs to be extended to encompass waveform development in the SSP hardware. The extension of STRS to the SSP hardware will promote easier waveform reconfiguration and reuse. A transmit waveform for space applications was developed to determine ways to extend the STRS Architecture to a field programmable gate array (FPGA). These extensions include a standard hardware abstraction layer for FPGAs and a standard interface between waveform functions running inside a FPGA. A FPGA-based transmit waveform implementation of the proposed standard interfaces on a laboratory breadboard SDR will be discussed.

Nappier, Jennifer↗
NASA NTRS2010

Architectural Analysis of Systems Based on the Publisher-Subscriber Style

Architectural styles impose constraints on both the topology and the interaction behavior of involved parties. In this paper, we propose an approach for analyzing implemented systems based on the publisher-subscriber architectural style. From the style definition, we derive a set of reusable questions and show that some of them can be answered statically whereas others are best answered using dynamic analysis. The paper explains how the results of static analysis can be used to orchestrate dynamic analysis. The proposed method was successfully applied on the NASA's Goddard Mission Services Evolution Center (GMSEC) software product line. The results show that the GMSEC has a) a novel reusable vendor-independent middleware abstraction layer that allows the NASA's missions to configure the middleware of interest without changing the publishers' or subscribers' source code, and b) some high priority bugs due to behavioral discrepancies, which were eluded during testing and code reviews, among different implementations of the same APIs for different vendors.

Ganesun, Dharmalingam↗
NASA NTRS2012

RxGen General Optical Model Prescription Generator

RxGen is a prescription generator for JPL's in-house optical modeling software package called MACOS (Modeling and Analysis for Controlled Optical Systems), which is an expert optical analysis software package focusing on modeling optics on dynamic structures, deformable optics, and controlled optics. The objectives of RxGen are to simplify and automate MACOS prescription generations, reducing errors associated with creating such optical prescriptions, and improving user efficiency without requiring MACOS proficiency. RxGen uses MATLAB (a high-level language and interactive environment developed by MathWorks) as the development and deployment platform, but RxGen can easily be ported to another optical modeling/analysis platform. Running RxGen within the modeling environment has the huge benefit that variations in optical models can be made an integral part of the modeling state. For instance, optical prescription parameters determined as external functional dependencies, optical variations by controlling the in-/exclusion of optical components like sub-systems, and/or controlling the state of all components. Combining the mentioned capabilities and flexibilities with RxGen's optical abstraction layer completely eliminates the hindering aspects for requiring proficiency in writing/editing MACOS prescriptions, allowing users to focus on the modeling aspects of optical systems, i.e., increasing productivity and efficiency. RxGen provides significant enhancements to MACOS and delivers a framework for fast prototyping as well as for developing very complex controlled optical systems.

Sigrist, Norbert↗
NASA NTRS2012

NASA InterCenter Collaboration Increases ROI

Funding for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space mission operations is tighter than ever in the current environment of federal government deficit reductions. Conventional wisdom would expect this environment to drive increasing competition between NASA centers for the limited available funds. However, recent inter-center activities at the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center emphasize collaboration rather than competition and demonstrate the value of partnerships to increase the return on shrinking investments. These efforts cover a variety of activities and potential returns. To facilitate sharing data from test and verification through operations without levying requirements on data format or software tools, the HOSC is working with multiple centers on an evolutionary path toward a distributed data architecture and archive. The approach reduces the required investment by allowing the partners to reuse their existing formats and tools, while facilitating gone ]stop h user visibility into and controlled access to the full complement of data regardless of user or data location. The HOSC is also working on two activities to promote sharing operations implementations and leveraging the experts and expertise across multiple NASA sites. In one, the use of Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards for the message abstraction layer provides an interoperability layer on top of existing ground data system communication architectures. This allows missions to select the most appropriate solutions for their requirements with a minimal investment in rehosting the components in a coherent operational environment. The other emphasizes shared tools and increased remote access to minimize travel for tests and critical activities and reduce the floor space required for a dedicated operations center. This paper summarizes these and other inter-center collaboration activities at the HOSC and the benefits that each can bring, not just to the participants, but to the broader operations community.

Lankford, Kimberly↗
NASA NTRS2008

STRS Compliant FPGA Waveform Development

The Space Telecommunications Radio System (STRS) Architecture Standard describes a standard for NASA space software defined radios (SDRs). It provides a common framework that can be used to develop and operate a space SDR in a reconfigurable and reprogrammable manner. One goal of the STRS Architecture is to promote waveform reuse among multiple software defined radios. Many space domain waveforms are designed to run in the special signal processing (SSP) hardware. However, the STRS Architecture is currently incomplete in defining a standard for designing waveforms in the SSP hardware. Therefore, the STRS Architecture needs to be extended to encompass waveform development in the SSP hardware. A transmit waveform for space applications was developed to determine ways to extend the STRS Architecture to a field programmable gate array (FPGA). These extensions include a standard hardware abstraction layer for FPGAs and a standard interface between waveform functions running inside a FPGA. Current standards were researched and new standard interfaces were proposed. The implementation of the proposed standard interfaces on a laboratory breadboard SDR will be presented.

Nappier, Jennifer↗
NASA NTRS2014

Integrated Launch Operations Applications Remote Display Developer

This internship provides the opportunity to support the creation and use of Firing Room Displays and Firing Room Applications that use an abstraction layer called the Application Control Language (ACL). Required training included video watching, reading assignments, face-to-face instruction and job shadowing other Firing Room software developers as they completed their daily duties. During the training period various computer and access rights needed for creating the applications were obtained. The specific ground subsystems supported are the Cryogenics Subsystems, Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) and Liquid Oxygen (LO2). The cryogenics team is given the task of finding the best way to handle these very volatile liquids that are used to fuel the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Orion flight vehicles safely.

Cryogenic Rocket Propellants↗
NASA NTRS2016

A Multi-Center Space Data System Prototype Based on CCSDS Standards

Deep space missions beyond earth orbit will require new methods of data communications in order to compensate for increasing Radio Frequency (RF) propagation delay. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standard protocols Spacecraft Monitor & Control (SM&C), Asynchronous Message Service (AMS), and Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) provide such a method. However, the maturity level of this protocol stack is insufficient for mission inclusion at this time. This Space Data System prototype is intended to provide experience which will raise the Technical Readiness Level (TRL) of this protocol set. In order to reduce costs, future missions can take advantage of these standard protocols, which will result in increased interoperability between control centers. This prototype demonstrates these capabilities by implementing a realistic space data system in which telemetry is published to control center applications at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Reverse publishing paths for commanding from each control center are also implemented. The target vehicle consists of realistic flight computer hardware running Core Flight Software (CFS) in the integrated Power, Avionics, and Power (iPAS) Pathfinder Lab at JSC. This prototype demonstrates a potential upgrade path for future Deep Space Network (DSN) modification, in which the automatic error recovery and communication gap compensation capabilities of DTN would be exploited. In addition, SM&C provides architectural flexibility by allowing new service providers and consumers to be added efficiently anywhere in the network using the common interface provided by SM&C's Message Abstraction Layer (MAL). In FY 2015, this space data system was enhanced by adding telerobotic operations capability provided by the Robot API Delegate (RAPID) family of protocols developed at NASA. RAPID is one of several candidates for consideration and inclusion in a new international standard being developed by the CCSDS Telerobotic Operations Working Group. Software gateways for the purpose of interfacing RAPID messages with the existing SM&C based infrastructure were developed. Telerobotic monitor, control, and bridge applications were written in the RAPID framework, which were then tailored to the NAO telerobotic test article hardware, a product of Aldebaran Robotics.

Rich, Thomas M.↗