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NASA NTRSDate not supplied

SatCORPS Global Cloud Composite (GCC): the Design and Delivery of A High Quality, High Resolution, Global Cloud Product Available in Near-Real Time

The NASA Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) supports the development of an analysis ready and cloud-optimized data transformation pipeline and geospatial service enablement of a global cloud composite (GCC) product derived from global geostationary satellite imagery. This geospatial service will be available at high temporal and spatial resolution via the SatCORPS web mapping application for visualization and analysis as well as direct ingestion to common geospatial software and custom programming. The resulting global cloud composite products from the processing pipeline can then be geospatially-service enabled as ArcGIS Image Services and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Mapping/Coverage Services for visualization and analysis via a web mapping application and common geospatial software. Near real time global observations are created through the composition of five geostationary satellites that provides modelling and forecasting communities with the capability to provide high quality and timely information to start the projection process. The Global Cloud Composite product combines information from geostationary satellites, GOES-16, GOES-17, Himawari-8, Meteosat-11 and Meteosat-9 to create a single global composite netcdf file and images using the different products within the netcdf file. The SatCORPS team, though our Global Cloud Composite (GCC) product and web-based visualization tools including Geographical Information System (GIS) services provide near real time global cloud product information to both automated processes and traditional web users that is timely and high quality derived from geostationary satellites. The Global Cloud Composite product takes advantage of the scalable processing resources provided by the AWS batch service to provide new composites every thirty minutes. Because information from each of the low earth orbiting satellites is available on schedules tuned to the specific satellite, the processing algorithm temporally composites the final dataset as each satellite’s information becomes available. The SatCORPS team has leveraged our experience using Amazon Web Services (AWS) to build a low latency high availability tool that allows end users both human and automated to acquire high quality and high-resolution Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) information at zero cost to the end user. This presentation will describe how we architected and implemented the service as well as lessons learned based on our experiences both developing and operating the system. The lessons learned include how we integrated multiple services including Amazon Batch, Amazon S3 and Amazon Lambda service to create a low cost but high-performance processing system that is capable of identifying and processing the most appropriate satellite overpass information into global cloud composites. We will also describe our web-based tools including our Geographic Information System that can be used for visualization and analysis. The products from the processing can be geospatially-service enabled as ArcGIS Image Services and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Mapping/Coverage Services for visualization and analysis via a web mapping application and common geospatial software. The SatCORPS Global Composite Cloud product provides sophisticated global composited cloud research products with very low latency that we see that as filling a rapidly growing need in the research and modelling community with no up-front nor ongoing costs associated with downloading or using the information.

AWS AMCE SMCE GCC SATCORPS GLOBAL CLOUD COMPOSITE ↗
NASA NTRS2017

Kepler: A Search for Terrestrial Planets - SOC 9.3 DR25 Pipeline Parameter Configuration Reports

This document describes the manner in which the pipeline and algorithm parameters for the Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) science data processing pipeline were managed. This document is intended for scientists and software developers who wish to better understand the software design for the final Kepler codebase (SOC 9.3) and the effect of the software parameters on the Data Release (DR) 25 archival products.

exoplanet↗
NASA NTRS2015

Spinoff 2015

Topics covered include: 3D Endoscope to Boost Safety, Cut Cost of Surgery; Audio App Brings a Better Night's Sleep Liquid Cooling Technology Increases Exercise Efficiency; Algae-Derived Dietary Ingredients Nourish Animals; Space Grant Research Launches Rehabilitation Chair; Vision Trainer Teaches Focusing Techniques at Home; Aircraft Geared Architecture Reduces Fuel Cost and Noise; Ubiquitous Supercritical Wing Design Cuts Billions in Fuel Costs; Flight Controller Software Protects Lightweight Flexible Aircraft; Cabin Pressure Monitors Notify Pilots to Save Lives; Ionospheric Mapping Software Ensures Accuracy of Pilots' GPS; Water Mapping Technology Rebuilds Lives in Arid Regions; Shock Absorbers Save Structures and Lives during Earthquakes; Software Facilitates Sharing of Water Quality Data Worldwide; Underwater Adhesives Retrofit Pipelines with Advanced Sensors; Laser Imaging Video Camera Sees through Fire, Fog, Smoke; 3D Lasers Increase Efficiency, Safety of Moving Machines; Air Revitalization System Enables Excursions to the Stratosphere; Magnetic Fluids Deliver Better Speaker Sound Quality; Bioreactor Yields Extracts for Skin Cream; Private Astronaut Training Prepares Commercial Crews of Tomorrow; Activity Monitors Help Users Get Optimum Sun Exposure; LEDs Illuminate Bulbs for Better Sleep, Wake Cycles; Charged Particles Kill Pathogens and Round Up Dust; Balance Devices Train Golfers for a Consistent Swing; Landsat Imagery Enables Global Studies of Surface Trends; Ruggedized Spectrometers Are Built for Tough Jobs; Gas Conversion Systems Reclaim Fuel for Industry; Remote Sensing Technologies Mitigate Drought; Satellite Data Inform Forecasts of Crop Growth; Probes Measure Gases for Environmental Research; Cloud Computing Technologies Facilitate Earth Research; Software Cuts Homebuilding Costs, Increases Energy Efficiency; Portable Planetariums Teach Science; Schedule Analysis Software Saves Time for Project Planners; Sound Modeling Simplifies Vehicle Noise Management; Custom 3D Printers Revolutionize Space Supply Chain; Improved Calibration Shows Images' True Colors; Micromachined Parts Advance Medicine, Astrophysics, and More; Metalworking Techniques Unlock a Unique Alloy; Low-Cost Sensors Deliver Nanometer-Accurate Measurements; Electrical Monitoring Devices Save on Time and Cost; Dry Lubricant Smooths the Way for Space Travel, Industry; and Compact Vapor Chamber Cools Critical Components.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

Real time software tools and methodologies

Real time systems are characterized by high speed processing and throughput as well as asynchronous event processing requirements. These requirements give rise to particular implementations of parallel or pipeline multitasking structures, of intertask or interprocess communications mechanisms, and finally of message (buffer) routing or switching mechanisms. These mechanisms or structures, along with the data structue, describe the essential character of the system. These common structural elements and mechanisms are identified, their implementation in the form of routines, tasks or macros - in other words, tools are formalized. The tools developed support or make available the following: reentrant task creation, generalized message routing techniques, generalized task structures/task families, standardized intertask communications mechanisms, and pipeline and parallel processing architectures in a multitasking environment. Tools development raise some interesting prospects in the areas of software instrumentation and software portability. These issues are discussed following the description of the tools themselves.

Christofferson, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

General-Purpose Electronic System Tests Aircraft

Versatile digital equipment supports research, development, and maintenance. Extended aircraft interrogation and display system is general-purpose assembly of digital electronic equipment on ground for testing of digital electronic systems on advanced aircraft. Many advanced features, including multiple 16-bit microprocessors, pipeline data-flow architecture, advanced operating system, and resident software-development tools. Basic collection of software includes program for handling many types of data and for displays in various formats. User easily extends basic software library. Hardware and software interfaces to subsystems provided by user designed for flexibility in configuration to meet user's requirements.

Glover, Richard D.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Scalable Multiprocessor for High-Speed Computing in Space

A report discusses the continuing development of a scalable multiprocessor computing system for hard real-time applications aboard a spacecraft. "Hard realtime applications" signifies applications, like real-time radar signal processing, in which the data to be processed are generated at "hundreds" of pulses per second, each pulse "requiring" millions of arithmetic operations. In these applications, the digital processors must be tightly integrated with analog instrumentation (e.g., radar equipment), and data input/output must be synchronized with analog instrumentation, controlled to within fractions of a microsecond. The scalable multiprocessor is a cluster of identical commercial-off-the-shelf generic DSP (digital-signal-processing) computers plus generic interface circuits, including analog-to-digital converters, all controlled by software. The processors are computers interconnected by high-speed serial links. Performance can be increased by adding hardware modules and correspondingly modifying the software. Work is distributed among the processors in a parallel or pipeline fashion by means of a flexible master/slave control and timing scheme. Each processor operates under its own local clock; synchronization is achieved by broadcasting master time signals to all the processors, which compute offsets between the master clock and their local clocks.

Lux, James↗
NASA NTRS1983

Parallel processing in a host plus multiple array processor system for radar

Host plus multiple array processor architecture is demonstrated to yield a modular, fast, and cost-effective system for radar processing. Software methodology for programming such a system is developed. Parallel processing with pipelined data flow among the host, array processors, and discs is implemented. Theoretical analysis of performance is made and experimentally verified. The broad class of problems to which the architecture and methodology can be applied is indicated.

Barkan, B. Z.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Parallel processors and nonlinear structural dynamics algorithms and software

A nonlinear structural dynamics finite element program was developed to run on a shared memory multiprocessor with pipeline processors. The program, WHAMS, was used as a framework for this work. The program employs explicit time integration and has the capability to handle both the nonlinear material behavior and large displacement response of 3-D structures. The elasto-plastic material model uses an isotropic strain hardening law which is input as a piecewise linear function. Geometric nonlinearities are handled by a corotational formulation in which a coordinate system is embedded at the integration point of each element. Currently, the program has an element library consisting of a beam element based on Euler-Bernoulli theory and trianglar and quadrilateral plate element based on Mindlin theory.

Belytschko, Ted↗
NASA NTRS2018

WebGeocalc and Cosmographia: Modern Tools to Access OPS SPICE Data

For more than two decades navigation and other ancillary data from most US and international planetary science missions have been packaged using "SPICE" (Spacecraft, Planet, Instrument, Camera-matrix, Events) system data files (a.k.a. SPICE kernels) and, in conjunction with SPICE Toolkit software used by scientists and engineers to compute observation geometry in various ground system tools ranging from mission planning and analysis applications to data production pipelines to science analysis tools. The traditional way for accessing SPICE data is by downloading necessary SPICE kernels to a user’s workstation, installing the SPICE Toolkit software available from NAIF, and writing an application calling APIs from the SPICE Toolkit library to compute numeric geometric parameters of interest. While this approach did and still does provide the greatest flexibility in implementing geometric computations of interest, it proved to be complicated for users with little programming abilities, required data to be always copied to the users’ workstations, and lacked any out-of-the-box visualization capabilities. To address these shortcomings NAIF developed the WebGeocalc (WGC) tool and extended the publicly available Cosmographia program to use SPICE. Employing these two new tools in mission operations enables easier access to SPICE computations and SPICE-based visualizations for a wider variety of mission personnel.

Semenov, Boris V.↗
NASA NTRS2004

The Star Formation History of Orion and its Environs

During this period of performance, we have obtained the following observations and carried out the analysis of the Orion associations itemized below. 1. Quest Optical Photometry: The photometric survey carries out with the Quest camera is finished. The strips at declinations +1 degree and -1 degree have already been processed. Photometry for a total of around 400,000 stars was obtained in these two strips with the Quest camera pipeline. Around 24,000 variables were picked out of this total by our variability software. Of these, around 2,500 stars fall above the main sequence and so were picked as candidates for spectroscopic follow-up. 2. Slit spectroscopy of bright candidates: Spectra for some 800 candidate PMS stars were obtained with the FAST spectrograph at the SAO 1.5m telescope in Mt. Hopkins. The spectra are being analyzed; 300 stars have been confirmed as young. 3. Multifiber spectroscopy: The first test of the multifiber spectrograph Hectoechelle were carried out in December 2003. One field of the Orion Nebula Cluster was observed with Hectochelle at three wavelength settings. A total of 157 spectra were obtained. Of these, 63 stars have been confirmed as Classical T Tauri stars, and 36 additional stars need further follow up. A paper is in preparation. 4. UBVRI photometry: We were granted time with the 4-shooter CCD Mosaic Camera at the SAO 1.2m telescope, to obtain UBVRI photometry of a subset of 53 newly identified T Tauri stars in the strips centered at DEC=-1 and +l. This sample is composed of strong Halpha emitting PMS stars (Classical T Tauri stars) located mostly in the Orion OB l b association, around the Orion Belt area. We have estimated mass accretion rates for 22 for these stars using the U photometry and the calibration of Gullbring et al. (1998), and found it to be similar to that of young stars in associations of similar age. 5. Near and mid-IR photometry: During the winter of 2003, we used the IR Camera on the SAO 1.2m telescope, to obtain L- band photometry of a set of the newly identified Orion OB l a and l b stars, in order to look for IR excess emission coming from the hotter inner parts of circumstellar disks. These data is being combined with the GEMINI/OSCIR 10 micron photometry obtained during 2002 and the mass accretion rates to determine the properties of disks in Ori lb. A paper is presently on preparation.

Calvet, Nuria↗
NASA NTRS2019

New Features in the SPOC Pipeline Release 4.0

The Science Processing Operations Center is in the process of testing and deploying Release 4.0 of the codebase in the March 2019 timeframe. This paper describes the new features of the software and their likely impact on the quality of the TESS science data products. The major goals of Release 4.0 are to improve the extraction of photometry from the pixels in light of the non-uniform pointing performance and the identification of instrumental signatures from the light curves. We also describe modifications to the FFI pipeline to allow the generation of FFI light curves, correction of the instrumental systematics therein, and planet searches, primarily for the purpose of validating the 2-min pipeline against the FFI pipeline, but also to be able to provide cotrending basis vectors (CBVs) derived directly from the FFIs to the public to aid them in their extraction and correction of photometry. We also discuss the improvements in photometric performance of the pipeline and its various components.The lapse in funding experienced between 22 December 2018 and 27 January 2019 significantly delayed our ability to conduct integration testing as planned for late December/early January, delaying the start of V&V by one month to the end of February 2019.The TESS Mission is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate as an Astrophysics Explorer Mission.The Science Processing Operations Center is in the process of testing and deplo!"ing Release 4.0 of thecodebase In the March 2019 tlmeframe. This paper describes the new features or the software and theirlikely impact on the quality of the TESS science data products. The major goals or Release 4.0 are to Imtheidentification of instrumental signatures from the light cuNes. We also describe modifications tothe FFI pipeline to allow the generation of FFI light curves, correction of the instrumental systematicstherein, and planet searches, primarily for the purpose of validating the 2-min pipelineagainst the FFI pipeline, but also to be able to provide cotrending basis vectors (C3Vs) ,,.~,.;.derived directly from the FFls to the public to aid them in their extractbn and correction , :-; ~'-'\'.'.of photometry. We also discuss the Improvements In photometric performance• of ~~\":;:•the pipeline and its various components. :,;.-.;The lapse In funding experienced between 22 December 2018 and 27January 2019 significantly delayed our ability to conduct Integrationtesting as planned for late December/early January, delaying thestart of V&V by one month to the end of February 2019.The TESS Mission is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorateas an Astrophysics Explorer Mission.o.iu.c...,.....~~New Features in SPOC 4.01. Use of quatemions In photometry and centroiding.2. Use of quaternions to Identify high-motion cadences and exclude same.3. Use of the TPS detections to deemphasize pathological cadences ("skyline flattenlng"I.4. Improved CAL calculations for black and smear correction.5. PA brightness metric calculation improvements (induo'e crowding in calrulation)./ • 6. Improved POC spike goodness metric.•~• 7. Improved handling of gaps and momentum duni:>S in POC.8. Improved tuning of POC., 9. Improved attitude tweak correction in PDC.10. Improvements in PDC introduced noise and correlation goodness metrics11. Using the improved spike goodness metric to minimize overlitting in the spikeremover ' • :,''l./ 12. Enable FFI processing through planet search.,,. ,• • "« ,;,,,•.~'A , 13.1 D4.V S mtreinaim-relipnoinrgts d aartcah irveetrdie tvoa Ml aAnSdT p ersistence to database 15. Improved management of jobs on the NAS Pleiadss supercomputer

Jenkins, Jon M.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Improved Reference Sampling and Subtraction: A Technique for Reducing the Read Noise of Near-Infrared Detector Systems

Near-infrared array detectors, like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRSpec's Teledyne's H2RGs, often provide reference pixels and a reference output. These are used to remove correlated noise. Improved reference sampling and subtraction (IRS(exp 2)) is a statistical technique for using this reference information optimally in a leastsquares sense. Compared with the traditional H2RG readout, IRS(exp 2) uses a different clocking pattern to interleave many more reference pixels into the data than is otherwise possible. Compared with standard reference correction techniques, IRS(exp 2) subtracts the reference pixels and reference output using a statistically optimized set of frequency dependent weights. The benefits include somewhat lower noise variance and much less obvious correlated noise. NIRSpec's IRS(exp 2) images are cosmetically clean, with less 1/f banding than in traditional data from the same system. This article describes the IRS(exp 2) clocking pattern and presents the equations needed to use IRS(exp 2) in systems other than NIRSpec. For NIRSpec, applying these equations is already an option in the calibration pipeline. As an aid to instrument builders, we provide our prototype IRS(exp 2) calibration software and sample JWST NIRSpec data. The same techniques are applicable to other detector systems, including those based on Teledyne's H4RG arrays. The H4RG's interleaved reference pixel readout mode is effectively one IRS(exp 2) pattern.

Methods-statistical↗
NASA NTRS2019

The Cumulus Ecosystem: Open Source and Beyond to Foster Collaboration

NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) open source Cumulus software is designed as a common set of code and services that can be used to create a pipeline to deliver and manage earth science data in the cloud. Cumulus strives to create an ecosystem on the foundation of open source that unites those with shared problems and goals by encouraging users to contribute solutions back to the platform. Large parts of ingesting and managing data are common and much of what is created can be used by others. Our goal is to maximize collaboration and code reuse while allowing users to design a custom solution that meets their needs without having to take on extraneous functionality. In this talk we will describe how the Cumulus ecosystem works beyond just open source software. We will review the technology, the successes and challenges, and the evolution and future of Cumulus as an ecosystem.

Cumulus↗
NASA NTRS2012

New Techniques for High-Contrast Imaging with ADI: The ACORNS-ADI SEEDS Data Reduction Pipeline

We describe Algorithms for Calibration, Optimized Registration, and Nulling the Star in Angular Differential Imaging (ACORNS-ADI), a new, parallelized software package to reduce high-contrast imaging data, and its application to data from the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks (SEEDS) survey. We implement seyeral new algorithms, includbg a method to centroid saturated images, a trimmed mean for combining an image sequence that reduces noise by up to approx 20%, and a robust and computationally fast method to compute the sensitivitv of a high-contrast obsen-ation everywhere on the field-of-view without introducing artificial sources. We also include a description of image processing steps to remove electronic artifacts specific to Hawaii2-RG detectors like the one used for SEEDS, and a detailed analysis of the Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI) algorithm commonly used to reduce high-contrast imaging data. ACORNS-ADI is efficient and open-source, and includes several optional features which may improve performance on data from other instruments. ACORNS-ADI is freely available for download at www.github.com/t-brandt/acorns_-adi under a BSD license

Brandt, Timothy D.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Enabling and Enhancing Space Mission Success and Reduction of Risk through the Application of an Integrated Data Architecture

The engineering phases of design, development, test, and evaluation (DDT and E) and subsequent planning, preparation, and operation (Ops) of space vehicles in a complex and distributed environment requires massive and continuous flows of information across the enterprise and across temporal stages of the vehicle lifecycle. The resulting capabilities at each subsequent stage depend in part on the capture, preparation, storage, and subsequent provision of information from prior stages. The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently designing a fleet of new vehicles that will replace the Space Shuttle and expand space operations and exploration capabilities. This includes the 2 stage human rated lift vehicle Ares 1 and its associated crew vehicle the Orion, and a service module; the heavy lift cargo vehicle, Ares 5, and an associated cargo stage known as the Earth Departure Stage; and a Lunar Lander vehicle that contains a descent stage, and ascent stage, and a habitation module. A variety of concurrent assorted ground operations infrastructure including software and facilities are also being developed, assorted technology and assembly designs and development for equipment such as EVA suits, life support systems, command and control technologies are also in the pipeline. The development is occurring in a distributed manner, with project deliverables being contributed by a large and diverse assortment of vendors and most space faring nations. Critical information about all of the components, software, and procedures must be shared during the DDT and E phases and then made readily available to the mission operations staff for access during the planning, preparation, and operations phases, and also need to be readily available for system to system interactions. The Constellation Data Systems Project (CxDS) is identifying the needs, and designing and deploying systems and processes to support these needs. This paper details the steps and processes that NASA is applying within the Constellation Program to manage this data and information, and to insure that the correct information is available, correctly annotated, and can be provisioned digitally to enhance response times, and support engineering analysis and anomaly resolution.

Brummett, Robert C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Autonomous sensor-based dual-arm satellite grappling

Dual-arm satellite grappling involves the integration of technologies developed in the Sensing and Perception (S&P) Subsystem for object acquisition and tracking, and the Manipulator Control and Mechanization (MCM) Subsystem for dual-arm control. S&P acquires and tracks the position, orientation, velocity, and angular velocity of a slowly spinning satellite, and sends tracking data to the MCM subsystem. MCM grapples the satellite and brings it to rest, controlling the arms so that no excessive forces or torques are exerted on the satellite or arms. A 350-pound satellite mockup which can spin freely on a gimbal for several minutes, closely simulating the dynamics of a real satellite is demonstrated. The satellite mockup is fitted with a panel under which may be mounted various elements such as line replacement modules and electrical connectors that will be used to demonstrate servicing tasks once the satellite is docked. The subsystems are housed in three MicroVAX II microcomputers. The hardware of the S&P Subsystem includes CCD cameras, video digitizers, frame buffers, IMFEX (a custom pipelined video processor), a time-code generator with millisecond precision, and a MicroVAX II computer. Its software is written in Pascal and is based on a locally written vision software library. The hardware of the MCM Subsystem includes PUMA 560 robot arms, Lord force/torque sensors, two MicroVAX II computers, and unimation pneumatic parallel grippers. Its software is written in C, and is based on a robot language called RCCL. The two subsystems are described and test results on the grappling of the satellite mockup with rotational rates of up to 2 rpm are provided.

Wilcox, Brian↗
NASA NTRS1999

The ISO-IRAS Faint Galaxy Survey

As part of the ISO-IRAS Faint Galaxy Survey ISO Satellite observations of over 600 IRAS sources have been obtained with the ISOCAM instrument. Because our survey strategy involved relatively short integrations, great care was required in developing analysis software including cosmic-ray and transient removal and calibration. These observations have now been through final pipeline processing at IPAC and ground-based follow-up is ongoing. The observations are for sources from two samples: a " Filler' sample selected to be at z greater than 0.1 and a fainter sample which selected for the highest redshift galaxies in the IRAS survey, with redshifts 0.2 less than z less than 1.0. I now have obtained ground-based follow-up spectrophotometry at Lick and Palomar observatories for 100 LFIRGs with 0.1 less than z less than 0.7. Our observations have confirmed that these systems are comparable to nearby LFIRGs such as Arp 220, with L (sub -)(fir) greater than 10(exp 11) L(sub -) sun and typically HII/Liner optical excitation. About 10% of the galaxies show true AGN (Sy2) excitation. Based on our work on a nearby complete sample of LFIRGS, we believe that the majority of these systems are luminous Starbursts, thus this project is tracing the luminous end of the galaxy star-forming luminosity function - the (infrared) star-formation history of the Universe to z approx. 1, a topic of some considerable recent interest. A by-product of these ISOCAM observations is approximately 1 square degree of deep 2 microns pointings outside the IRAS error boxes, allowing us an independent estimate of the mid-infrared log N - log S relation. Ground-based observations of this sample are continuing.

Smith, Harding E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A software simulation study of a (255,223) Reed-Solomon encoder-decoder

A set of software programs which simulates a (255,223) Reed-Solomon encoder/decoder pair is described. The transform decoder algorithm uses a modified Euclid algorithm, and closely follows the pipeline architecture proposed for the hardware decoder. Uncorrectable error patterns are detected by a simple test, and the inverse transform is computed by a finite field FFT. Numerical examples of the decoder operation are given for some test codewords, with and without errors. The use of the software package is briefly described.

Pollara, F.↗